Cold thermonuclear fusion in Russia. Cold fusion reactor andrea rossi in russia
Russian physicist Alexander Parkhomov repeated the experiment with Rossi's "low-energy nuclear reactor". Such a reactor may have great prospects, but its commercial prospects are still in question.
02/10/2015, Tue, 10:26, MskAt the end of last month, on January 27, 2015, a seminar was held at the site of the All-Russian Research Institute for the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants, dedicated to the topic low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). At the seminar, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Alexander Parkhomov presented the results of his own experiments with LENR, during which a primitive copy of the Rossi reactor was able to generate 2.5 times more energy than it consumed.
Scheme of the experiment conducted by Alexander Parkhomov
LENR is a relatively new area of research related to low-energy nuclear reactions, which release large amounts of thermal energy with a minimum of gamma radiation. According to the results of a long scientific work NASA, LENR reaction is possible, although not cold fusion - rather it is hydrogen resonance in/on a metal lattice.
The first to use LENR for commercial purposes was proposed by an Italian scientist named Andrea Rossi. He demonstrated a compact reactor, which is a tube with nickel powder inside. When heated to a temperature of about 1000 degrees Celsius, the tube produced more heat than it consumed. However, the experimental methodology and Rossi's unwillingness to reveal the details of the reactor design caused skepticism among scientists, some even called the Italian a fraudster.
Experimental reactorLENR Alexandra Parkhomova
Alexander Parkhomov used the available descriptions of the Rossi reactor and reproduced it in his laboratory. In fact, the reactor is the simplest device: a ceramic tube with an electric heater and powder
Ni+10% Li. First, the reactor is heated with an external energy source, but when a certain temperature is reached, the LENR reaction should begin to produce excess heat.
Indicators of energy consumed and produced by the reactor for
for three operating modes
According to Alexander Parkhomov, at temperatures of 1150 degrees Celsius and 1200-1300 degrees Celsius, the reactor's heat release significantly exceeds the energy consumed. During 90 minutes of operation at these temperatures, the reactor produced about 3 MJ or 0.83 kWh of energy in excess of the consumed electricity. This is comparable to the energy released during the combustion of 70 g of gasoline. At the same time, the level ionizing radiation(radiation) during the operation of the reactor did not exceed the background values. The scientist conducted a whole series of experiments with Rossi reactors and considers this technology promising, although it is too early to talk about its mass implementation.
Even heat-resistant ceramic reactors are inevitably destroyed as a result of local overheating during experiments with LENR
Alexander Parkhomov told ZOOM.CNews that his experiments are just a simplified version of Rossi's experiments that can be carried out in any laboratory. In this regard, the sharp reaction of critics to the Russian scientist is incomprehensible.
“I did not invent anything, but only repeated in a primitive version what Rossi did, using the description given in the expert report. The peculiarity of my reactor design is extreme simplicity, but even in such a simple device, the energy released is more than twice as much as consumed,” says Alexander Parkhomov - However, my samples do not work for long - a maximum of 1.5 hours, while Rossi claims that his reactors work for more than a month.
According to the Russian scientist, it is already difficult to doubt the existence of the phenomenon of cold nuclear transmutations (LENR), but there is still no reasonable explanation for the principles of this phenomenon.
"It's a challenge modern science, so you can understand the raging passions, - Alexander Parkhomov notes. - In a primitive form, it is not difficult to repeat the Rossi reactor, but it is much more difficult to make it work stably and learn not just to heat the air or boil water, but to convert the released heat into other types of energy. Therefore, it is still difficult to imagine how quickly these devices will enter the everyday life. In addition, it is necessary not only to overcome technical difficulties, but also to make sure that they are safe."
If all these problems can be solved, then, according to Alexander Parkhomov, LENR technology will have fantastic commercial prospects. The resources of nickel and hydrogen (the main fuel for the Rossi reactor) are practically inexhaustible. Thus, oil, gas and nuclear energy will become a thing of the past. Expensive and resource-intensive power lines, thermal power plants and heating mains will become unnecessary - all the necessary energy can be obtained from a home generator. This will entail unpredictable consequences in politics, economics, finance and social life.
Andrea Rossi
Andrea Rossi is an inventor and scientist with many patents. His focus is on alternative fuels, particularly clean, recycled, waste, and LENR (cold nuclear fusion) technologies. He is the inventor of the E-Cat and the Rossi effect.
EARLY YEARS
Andrea Rossi was born in Milan, Italy on June 3, 1950. His father Luigi owned a metal workshop in Milan and Andrea spent many hours there as a child. All metal working tools were available to him, and he learned to use a welding machine, hydraulic machines, lathes, and other power and hand tools. He worked with his hands and could do what he wanted to do. At school, he especially enjoyed playing sports. He ran very well and he set a new youth world record in the 24-hour run. He set the record in 1969, at the age of 19. The following year, he went on to become the Italian champion in cross country. His understanding of physics became evident at school where he excelled in physics as well as chemistry.
Patents and publications
One of Rossi's first patents was awarded in 1974, a year after he graduated from the University of Milan. In 1977, in order to protect his intellectual property, he applied for a patent for a filter cleaner that would operate at high temperatures to purify the air. In 1978 he published the book Waste Incineration and Smoke Cleanup. This book is still a textbook at the Polytechnic Institute of Milan, used in chemistry courses.
Rossi also adapted to the family business in order to manufacture the equipment he patented. The workshop of the family, called "La Metallotecnica", became the base for the first major business of the enterprise. In a recently reconstructed factory, he created his incinerators. From the very beginning, Rossi's goal was to reduce waste and pollution, and to produce clean energy. Today, he and his company have E-CAT related patents.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY – LENR
Rossi later moved on to other research into alternative energy sources. In addition, he began working with Sergio Focardi to create a device that would supply energy using low energy nuclear reactions (LENR).
Andrea Rossi with Sergio Focardi Photo: Frederico Borella
This type of energy production was first demonstrated by Fleishman and Pons in 1989. While "cold fusion" was greeted by the media and some scientists, the fact that other researchers were unable to replicate the reaction soon came to be considered pseudoscience. Since then, over 3,500 journal articles, white papers and books have shown examples of excess heat production in LENR processes around the world. Many government organizations and companies such as NASA, Toyota, and Boeing are currently working on this advanced technology.
In his early research and experiments back in 2007, Rossi noticed that the device was actually creating energy, not just producing fuel. At this point, he began to explore ways to use the device to create energy.
WORKING E-CAT
In January 2011, Rossi and Focardi demonstrated for the first time the small LENR E-Cat at a conference. It produced excess heat. A month later, Sergio Focardi told journalist Mats Lewan: “When you achieve results it's nice to be able to talk about them. What’s more, I’m 78 years old and I can’t wait very long.” They also showed a large, 1 MW industrial prototype in October 2011. Some of those who watched the demonstrations were skeptical, while others decided to study the samples more closely. Since the first official demonstration in 2011, several participant reports have been published: last time in October 2014 when six international scientists conducted a 32-day test at an independent laboratory in Lugano, Switzerland. The total net energy received during the 32-day operation was about 1.5 MW. The report said.
Andrea Rossi, a researcher at the University of Bologna, is offering to order his highly controversial E-Cat for $1.5 million. For that price, you'll be - presumably - the proud owner of your very own cold fusion reactor that generates enough power to light up your entire block.
Rossi and his team are working on building "home" and "corporate" versions of the reactor - the home has a capacity of 10 kilowatts of "clean, green and safe" energy, but is currently awaiting further testing and certification. However, the older model, which is, in fact, an array of E-Cat blocks, is already ready to roll off the assembly line.
The large E-Cat generates 1 megawatt of power and consists of 106 smaller modules assembled together in one package.
Here is how the principle of operation of each such module is described: “This is a fairly simple device, consisting of a metal tube containing a small amount of nickel nanopowder. The tube is filled with powder during manufacture, a small amount of hydrogen is added to it, and this allows it to generate a significant amount of heat for several months.
Unlike typical fusion reactions, which require huge amounts of energy to fuse hydrogen atoms, cold fusion is a low-energy nuclear reaction that causes nickel and hydrogen to fuse into copper. The catalyst that allows this reaction to take place inside the E-Cat is still a secret - and this is one of the reasons why the attitude towards it in academic circles is very controversial.
There is a lot of skepticism about Rossi and his mini-nuclear plant, especially since no one is still allowed to study the technology used in the reactor up close. In 2011, scientists were given permission to watch the E-Cat go through a tightly controlled test. The device successfully generated 470 kilowatts of power in 5 hours, but failed to reach the advertised 1 megawatt due to a mechanical failure.
Many skeptics were not convinced by such results. However, the customer for whom the E-Cat was tested - and according to rumors it was none other than the US military agency DARPA - was satisfied with the result and purchased the unit.
And now you can do the same. According to Rossi's website, “The current time for assembly and delivery of the reactor is 4 months. The functionality is guaranteed for 2 years… and the estimated life of the device is 30 years.”
If E-Cat ever really gets close to its stated goals of clean and safe energy at a comparatively low cost, it will create some serious waves in the global energy game. However, until someone launches one of these devices, its true capabilities remain unconfirmed to the end.
18/10/2014 20:53
On October 8, 2014, independent researchers from Italy and Sweden completed the verification of Andrea Rossi's E-CAT device for generating electricity based on a cold fusion reactor. In April-March of this year, six professors studied the operation of the generator for 32 days and measured all possible parameters, and then processed the results for six months. As a result of the audit, a report was published. The facility includes between 52 and 100 or more individual E-Cat "modules", each consisting of 3 small internal cold fusion reactors. All modules are assembled inside a conventional steel container (5m x 2.6m x 2.6m) that can be installed anywhere. Delivery by land, sea or air is possible. According to the commission's report, the E-CAT generator does produce great amount heat - within 32 days it produced more than 1.5 megawatt-hours of energy. In the device itself, the isotopic composition of “combustible” materials changes, that is, nuclear reactions occur. However, unlike the widely used nuclear fission reactors, the E-Cat cold fusion reactor does not consume radioactive substances, does not emit radioactive radiation in environment, does not generate nuclear waste and does not carry the potential hazards of melting the shell or core of the reactor. The plant uses tiny amounts of nickel and hydrogen as fuel. The first public demonstration of E-CAT took place in January 2011. Then she came across complete denial and disregard by academic scientific circles. Suspicions of falsification were supported by a number of considerations: firstly, Rossi is not a scientist, but an engineer who graduated from a non-professional university; secondly, he was followed by a trail of prosecutions for unsuccessful projects, and thirdly, he himself could not explain with scientific point view of what is happening in his reactor. The Italian patent agency issued a patent for Andrea Rossi's invention after a formal (non-technical) examination, and the international patent application received a negative preliminary withdrawal due to the likely "contradiction with the generally accepted laws of physics and established theories", in connection with which the application should have been supplemented with experimental evidence or a solid theoretical foundation based on modern scientific theories. Then a number of other shows and tests took place, during which Rossi could not be convicted of fraud. In the last test in March-April of this year, as stated, all possible comments were taken into account. The professors concluded the report by saying: “It is of course not satisfactory that these results still have no convincing theoretical explanation, but the result of the experiment cannot be rejected or ignored just because of a lack of theoretical understanding.” - For almost two years it was not clear where Rossi had gone. Opponents of "cold fusion" rejoiced. In their opinion, the swindler failed where he was supposed to. They assured that Andrea Rossi did not know the basics of theoretical physics and was doomed to failure due to his incredible ignorance, - says Vasily Koltashov, head of the IGSO Center for Economic Research. - I remember how in 2013 at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, under the guise of a journalist, I asked the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Fortov what he thought about the prospects for cold nuclear transmutation and the work of Russia. Fortov replied that all this did not deserve attention and had no prospects, but only traditional nuclear power had them. It turns out that's not the case at all. Everything turns out as we predicted in the report "Energy Revolution: Problems and Prospects for World Energy". The old energy industry will have to die and no “shale revolution” will save it. With the reduction in the cost of electricity generation, there will be an opportunity for a leap in the automation of production, the introduction of robots. All will change world economy. But the first, apparently, will be the United States. And all why? Because they are poorly versed in theoretical physics, but they strive to reduce production costs and increase profitability. But Rossi will not put an end to the energy revolution, everything is just beginning. There will be other breakthroughs. Meanwhile, the American company Lockheed Martin Corp announced on the eve of its technological breakthrough in the field of practical use of controlled thermonuclear fusion technology. In the next decade, she promises to present a commercial sample of a compact fusion reactor, and the first prototype should appear in a year. http://rabkor.ru/news/2014/10/17/e-cat
By 2050, a superstation nuclear power plant will appear on Earth, which will be able to generate 3.5 times more energy with a smaller amount of nuclear fuel. Such a mega-power reactor is already being built in France, many countries are investing in its production, and, for example, Russia “donates” 5 billion rubles a year there. Scientists plan to replace part of the dependence on oil and gas with a new nuclear power plant. It should be noted that this is an experimental thermonuclear reactor that will produce electricity by combining atoms, and not by their decay, as happens at modern nuclear power plants.
The new reactor will be a vacuum chamber with a diameter of 30 meters. The temperature inside the reactor will be about 150 million degrees (on the Sun, for comparison, the temperature is 15 million degrees), and 33 thousand cubic meters of water per day will be required to cool this colossus. Such a "burning" invention will be 3.5 times more powerful than a conventional nuclear power plant - these are the calculations of physicists, but there are other points of view that the new reactor will be a hundred times better.
However, no one calculated how many times the danger to humanity from such an invention would increase. Below in this article it will be possible to read what is the threat of even the safest nuclear power plant on Earth, and why Russia's cold nuclear fusion can be a way out.
For reference: what is the difference between hot nuclear fusion and cold. Hot fusion is what happens on the Sun every second, as well as the reaction observed when a nuclear bomb explodes. Nuclear bomb the size of the Earth has been continuously exploding in the center of the Sun for more than 4 billion years, generating frenzied, dangerous and hot nuclear energy. Cold nuclear fusion, in contrast to hot, implies the possibility of a nuclear fusion reaction in systems without significant heating of the working substance, and hence the absence of radiation release.
Who is Andrea Rossi, and what is the essence of his reactor
Italian Andrea Rossi is a "hero of our time" in terms of nuclear fusion. Someone calls him a swindler, and someone calls him an inventor. However, the first person who mentioned the light bulb, Ilyich, was also considered an idiot. Scientists different countries the question of replacing hot nuclear fusion with cold has long been resolved, and there have been quite successful studies. However, the process of temperatureless connection of atoms is considered magical and inexplicable. Maybe sometimes it is worth believing in magic and admitting that a person is not so perfect as to know the structure of some earthly processes in order to save millions of lives? So, cold nuclear fusion, despite the attitude of official science, still exists. This was proved by nature itself, since a similar process occurs in the cells of a living organism, and the Italian inventor - with his Rossi reactor, called E-Cat.
On October 28, 2014, Andrea Rossi and a number of other scientists from Sweden proved that the reactor is capable of generating a huge amount of cheap and environmentally friendly energy. The final demonstration experiments were carried out within 32 days, and it was possible to prove the safety and unprecedented efficiency of the invention.
Just imagine, according to experiments, a device a little larger than a pencil can replace electricity and heat in big house from several floors, and will also forever allow you to forget about refueling cars and aircraft with gasoline. The reactor operates offline, using tiny amounts of nickel and hydrogen to fuel it, and the output is a million times more energy than gasoline.
E-Cat reactors will no doubt become serious competition for traditional energy sources, as the units are already being manufactured and sold.
Andrea Rossi stole his invention from a Soviet scientist?
Ivan Stepanovich Filimonenko - legendary scientist Soviet Union, pioneer of cold nuclear fusion. This amazing person did not limit himself to just one cult invention, but, perhaps, the cold fusion has become truly the main one on this list. Many of his works are still classified for reasons of "uselessness" to society. At about the same time (1927–1935), Soviet scientist Filimonenko and a pair of Australian scientists Friedich Paneth and Kurt Peters were experimenting with cold fusion.
However, the Australians soon quickly abandon their idea for unknown reasons and the impossibility of explaining the physics of the ongoing process (Andrea Rossi also cannot fully characterize the action taking place in his reactor). Meanwhile, Filimonenko nevertheless creates his own reactor, which, according to the initial components, is the same as the invention of Rossi: nickel powder plus hydrogen.
What is the reason for the discovery Soviet man and remained unnecessary, while the Italian showed it to the whole world? pop up Interesting Facts. Perhaps "eternal life" was hidden in the cold fusion by suppressing radiation in the atmosphere. Filimonenko and a number of other scientists of that time argued that the causes of the ecological catastrophe in the world were the unprecedented smoke in the atmosphere, especially from car exhausts. Fuel combustion of any engines does not exceed 95%, while the remaining 5% is emitted into the air in the form of small droplets. These ubiquitous droplets perfectly dissolve heavy radioactive gases, radon and krypton, and we inhale this mixture, which brings us closer to death.
For reference: radon is a natural substance emitted by the earth and building materials, and krypton (and radon too) is formed in nuclear reactors and has the ability to easily overcome all obstacles and flow through any walls.
Nuclear energy specialists hide this terrible secret! Once, at the time of the invention of nuclear energy, they hoped that over time they would be able to develop technologies for the utilization of krypton and radon, but it turned out that this was fundamentally impossible. As a result, nuclear power plants that operate without accidents still poison the Earth, because their decay products, mixing with car smoke, arrange a murderous riot in our body. In addition, humanity consumes poisoned foods contaminated with heavy metals. So beloved by many agricultural industries, potash fertilizers contain impurities of the radioactive isotope of potassium, the nucleus of which, during decay, emits a beta particle that kills 1125 cells. AT modern world, or rather, in the air around us, today there are more than six thousand varieties of isotopes - this is how radiation reduces our life and youth at times. How does cold nuclear fusion relate to all of the above? The answer is simple. Filimonenko was the first to notice and prove that the installation of a cold thermonuclear not only gives unusually strong energy, but also kills radiation of various origins at a distance of tens of meters around it.
Life without radiation is a very long and young life full of opportunities. And Filimonenko gave the key to it, however, both he and the scientists who followed him were criticized and deprived of funding. Why the heads of earthly states do not want to give the people eternal life, one can only guess.
Why doesn't Russia need Russia?
Today, three countries are known to have bought patents for the production and sale of Rossi's fusion. These are the USA, Italy and Greece, there are also buyers who wished to remain anonymous. Why does Russia show no interest in the E-Cat and does not even provide information about its invention to its residents, while European and Western media publish numerous articles and TV reports? Doesn't our country want to keep up with the times and stop poisoning the people next to operating nuclear power plants?
There is some data that indicates distrust of the E-Cat installation, and some people, including physicists, even consider it a scam. Firstly, as already mentioned, not a single scientist has yet been able to explain the principle of operation of a cold fusion, that is, the processes occurring in the reactor cannot be scientific theory and therefore not proven. In this regard, many consider E-Cat a scam and another money "scam", especially since some "businessmen" are already trying to shove a fake E-Cat for a significant amount of money. Secondly, there are opinions that if Rossi's invention were really effective and effective, the leaders modern system distribution of energy (that is, monetary) resources would not allow information about the fusion to be released to the network and the media. Thirdly, Andrea Rossi received some distrust of the general public due to the fact that in the 1990s this inventor was accused by the court for tax evasion. In the 1970s, he opened a waste oil company called Petroldragon, which then collapsed amid allegations of toxic waste dumping. Andrea Rossi was accused of tax debts, and the company's assets were confiscated. The inventor spent four years in prison, but he managed to clear some of the charges against him. After his release, Rossi moved to the United States.
It should be noted that E-Cat has an Italian patent, therefore, like international patent applications, it describes the structure and common work devices, while detailed work reactor is a trade secret.
Here is what the Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee on Combating, says about the reactor with pseudoscience and falsification scientific research Evgeny Alexandrov:
I do not associate the idea of "cold fusion" with pseudoscience. This process is possible and has no doubt been demonstrated in the case of "muon catalysis". Another thing is that "muon catalysis" is unprofitable. As for the many other claims to the implementation of "cold fusion", then, as far as I know, these were all experimental errors - in some cases they were errors in good faith, but, undoubtedly, there were scams. The stakes are very high - a revolution in energy, guaranteed Nobel Prize, geopolitical changes in the world, etc. Therefore, professionals treat such statements in the media with natural habitual distrust.
For reference: Muonic catalysis is a phenomenon of fusion (fusion) of nuclei of hydrogen isotopes, which occurs with a significant participation of negatively charged muons. Muons, forming mesomolecules with nuclei, contribute to the approach of nuclei to distances sufficient for a nuclear reaction to occur. Released after the act of reaction, muons could repeat this process indefinitely and thus act as a catalyst, but the problem is that their lifetime is only 2.2 microseconds.
There are at least two reasons why the Russian people will not soon know what the Rossi reactor is. From the few information that appeared in domestic Internet resources, it can be understood that the E-Cat is a very dangerous invention that not only generates cheap energy, but is also accompanied by radioactive decays, that is, emits radiation. It turns out that Andrea Rossi is not only a swindler who wants to “get rich” on killing people, but also a magician, because he was able to get harmful radiation from cold fusion, which is basically impossible. The second reason why Russia does not need Russia is the cheapness of its installation.
Do not forget that Russia is the world's largest oil producer and the second largest gas producer - these minerals are mostly exported from the country to world energy markets. If E-Cat becomes as common and ubiquitous as a microwave oven, where will the oil that enriches the state treasury go, from whom and for what to take taxes, than to pay a lifetime pension to deputies, of which there are already almost two million in the country?
However, the rest of the world does not stand still, and, perhaps, very soon, Russia will have nothing else to "trump" in front of Europe and the United States, except perhaps the number of its weapons.