Prepare for the message. Rules for writing and formatting a report - from “A” to “Z”
Report- this is a research work where the student sets out the essence of the problem, gives different opinions, examples and expresses his point of view. It can be issued not only in printed form, but also in writing.
The report is needed first of all so that the student learns to work with documents, literature, express his opinion, speak to a wide audience and correctly draw up a presentation plan.
How to write a report?
Even if the student knows how to make a report, you still need to thoroughly prepare for work. To do this, it is desirable to know where to start and how to finish this work. That is why a plan is needed, because with its help the work will go much faster.
Writing a paper consists of the following steps:
Stage 1. Topic selection. As a rule, students are offered options to choose from. Therefore, you can take a topic that is really interesting to the speaker, because only then will you get a good job.
Stage 2. Selection of literature on the topic (about 10 pieces). Sources must be thoroughly studied and the main information selected so that it is interesting, useful and reliable. Therefore, information is taken from trusted sources. It is best to contact the library, as textbooks and magazines have more reliable information.
Stage 3. Writing a plan. You need to plan in such a way that the report is interesting. Write primarily not for yourself, but for your listeners.
Stage 4. Summarize, write conclusions.
Stage 5. Prepare for more questions. The committee and colleagues may ask a few questions after the presentation. Therefore, it is advisable to prepare in advance and think over all the possible answers.
Drawing up a plan is a guaranteed success when writing a report. The work is divided into headings, subheadings, and the student, using the content, will remember what to talk about in a particular section.
Topic selection
Step 1. Read the instructions carefully. After the supervisor has given you instructions for writing the paper, you need to carefully study the assignment, you may have to re-read it several times in order to understand the essence of the issue. As a rule, clear instructions are given in the task, which indicate what exactly needs to be disclosed in the topic, what target audience the report is intended for, and whether it is worth expressing your opinion. After all, if the article is informational, then there is no need to tell something from yourself, since you provide the listener with certain information.
Step 2 Choose only the topic of work that you like. Then it will be much easier to write a report. Although, sometimes the teacher himself chooses a topic for students. In this case, you need to find points that you personally will be interested to know, and you need to build on this. Put yourself in the listener's shoes.
Step 3 Choose an original and exciting topic of work so that the audience listens to the speaker and participates in discussions with pleasure. Of course, if you have the same topics with your classmates, it will most likely be difficult to keep the attention of the audience.
Step 4. Don't be afraid to change the subject if it's too difficult for you. Sometimes it happens that they seem to have chosen a topic, started looking for information, but it turned out that they couldn’t find enough information. Before it's too late, it's better to change the subject, because it is impossible to do this a few days before the date.
Step 5 Look for information on the topic not only on the Internet, but also in the library. As a rule, the instructions should indicate how many sources the student needs to process. Look for information exclusively on the topic. If your topic is about historical event describe in what years it happened, its causes, consequences, etc. Be sure to indicate all the necessary dates. If you take information from the Internet, then you must be completely sure of its authenticity.
Step 6 Write down all the necessary data. When searching for information, write down sources that indicate the year of issue, author, city of publication, page number where the information was found. Subsequently, you can easily compile a list of sources used.
Preparation for writing a report
First, decide on the main idea. You need to think about how you will convey information to the audience in a way that keeps their attention from the beginning of the speech to the end.
Think about the format of the report in advance. Be sure to check with your academic advisor. Perhaps he will allow the presentation of the report at his own discretion. Also, you can use GOST, thanks to which you emphasize your professionalism.
Make a sketch on a draft. With it, you will understand how your report will look like. You can make a sketch in the form of a list or list your ideas. That is, at this point, create a certain structure of the report.
Report Structure
Before you write a report, you need to draw up not only a plan, but also a work structure that helps from separate parts write a short and at the same time detailed text. As a rule, the report is written on no more than 5 A4 pages.
The main elements of the structure of the report are:
- An introduction where the student greets the audience.
- An introduction in which the speaker engages the audience. The student formulates a relevant and original research topic. Tells about the importance of the report, which scientists worked in this area and indicates the purpose of the work.
- The main part, where the student tells all the parts by content. That is, this section describes the research methods, describes in detail all the actions that are associated with obtaining results. Also, the student can talk about the results of the study, summarize the new information that was obtained in the process of observation.
- Conclusion. Here the speaker summarizes and ends the presentation.
How to write an introduction (example)
As mentioned above, you first need to write an introduction and an introduction. That is, you need to say hello to the audience, introduce yourself (name your full name, topic of work, goal, subject, object of study). This is the first part of the work. The example shows how to start the introduction and introduction correctly:
How to write the body (example)
After the introduction, the second part of the work (theory) is described. Here you can write the main idea. If the topic of history is about peasant movements, then you need to write everything about their exploitation, forms of movement, everyday protests of peasants, etc. That is, choose the main thesis and create a writing structure around it. Let's look at an example below:
After the second part, it is considered how the main idea ends. That is, the reasons are described, given comparative analysis. If the work is written on a mathematical subject, it is imperative to insert tables for comparison, diagrams, diagrams, etc. into the practical part. It is necessary to analyze the data to the maximum, consider detailed analysis and draw conclusions based on these data.
How to write a conclusion (example)
After the theoretical and practical part, a conclusion is written, where the student sums up the overall results of the work done. You can write what period the speaker studied, what features were revealed, what thoughts the student visited while writing:
What to write after conclusion
After concluding with new page a list of sources used is written. These can be articles from magazines, literature, Internet resources, etc.
As a rule, literature is written in alphabetical order, adhering to all GOST standards, but you should check with supervisor. Perhaps he will allow you to write literature at your discretion. Look at the example of how to correctly indicate the sources used.
Requirements for the preparation of a report in accordance with GOSTs
In addition to preparing and writing a report, you also need to take into account the fact that it needs to be properly formatted. The requirements for the design of the report are almost the same as for the design of the abstract. However, there are much fewer requirements here, since GOSTs do not have a clear prescription for this type of document.
The report can be submitted not only in printed form, but also in handwritten form. However, the work looks neater if it is printed on a computer. Therefore, it is better to ask the teacher in advance in what form to draw up the work.
There are two well-known GOSTs, according to which abstracts are drawn up, theses and coursework. These are GOSTs 7.32-2001, 7.9-95, and you can safely draw up a report on them.
It is important! In the report, as well as in the abstract, pages are numbered, starting with the introduction. Pages are not placed on the first and second sheets, but are counted. That is, on the page where "Introduction" is written, the number "3" is placed in the center at the very bottom.
The font size can be at least 12, and preferably 14 point, but this nuance is specified by the teacher. The same applies to headings, body, bibliography, etc.
Sample report writing (on history)
Let's give an example of how to write a report on history using a plan. The purpose of the report is to give students the skills to work on sources, study the material in depth and speak to the audience.
Attention! The task of the student is to learn how to independently process a large amount of material, to find main idea and provide as much information as possible on the topic.
In the introduction, the student first greets the audience, and then names the topic of the report, for example: “The peasant movement in the 30-50s. 19th century. Here, you need to tell what the peasant movement is. Then the goal is described: "The study of the peasant movement in Russia in the first half of the 19th century." To achieve the goal, the student sets the following tasks:
- when and how long did the peasant movements take place;
- what provinces were famous for peasant movements.
After the introduction comes the main part, where in the first chapter you can write about the exploitation of the peasants, and in the second part the speaker continues the story of the peasants' protest, their reasons and why they protested daily.
After the main part, a conclusion is briefly written, where the speaker's conclusions are drawn and the main, sore points are highlighted.
At the end of the report, a list of used literature according to GOST is indicated, that is, in alphabetical order.
Now students already know how to make a report interesting not only for the audience, but also for the teacher. Everyone understands that the preparation of the material takes a lot of time, effort and to get appreciated Here are some basic tips:
Tip 1. You need to speak in front of an audience from 10 to 20 minutes. During this time, the student must read the prepared material, and preferably with examples and reliable facts.
Tip 2. Learn all the scientific terms that are in the report. Also, the student must understand their meaning, as teachers often ask questions about them. Therefore, the speaker should thoroughly prepare approximate answers.
Tip 3. Carefully monitor the presentation of the material, its literacy and consistency.
Tip 4. Overcome the fear of the audience and tune in to the fact that the listeners are friendly to what is happening.
Tip 5 Be persuasive during the presentation and the audience will understand that the student really knows the topic at the proper level.
Tip 6 Don't rush or stretch your words. It is best to practice in advance, as the reading speed should be approximately 120 words per minute.
Tip 7. Think in advance of questions that listeners can ask after the presentation. To do this, it is better to consult with classmates and even practice with them.
Tip 8 Respond appropriately to audience discussions. If they actively speak this topic means they are really interested in listening to the student.
If you follow the above rules, then the teacher will rate the report as excellent.
Conclusion
The article discusses how to write and read out a report. On the one hand, everything seems very simple, but on the other hand, you need to take into account all the elements related to the prepared material. It all depends on the student, how conscientiously he will treat the work, and he will receive such an assessment on the report.
Rules for writing and formatting a report - from “A” to “Z” updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru
Write one concise sentence about your talk. Try to express your thoughts in a way that will hook your listeners and grab their attention right away.
- Use an anecdote or catchphrase. You can find a ready-made beautiful formulation invented by one of the great people. Do not try to surpass them - use catchphrases, not forgetting to mention the source.
- If you don't know your audience well enough, be careful when planning to start your speech with a joke. Other people may not understand the humor or even take as an insult what you find funny.
Choose from 3 to 5 supporting statements related to the topic. These thoughts should be concise and clear.
- You can start looking for supporting facts in generally accepted sources - some kind of dictionary or Wikipedia. After familiarizing yourself with the topic, you need to check the veracity of the information in the ideas that interest you, as well as look at several more authoritative sources.
- The public may be interested in your experience. If you have been familiar with the topic for a long time, you can use case stories and personal experience. The main rule is concise descriptions. Getting involved in the details, you run the risk of losing the attention of the audience.
Decide how you will prepare the material. You can write the text of the speech in full or prepare only index cards.
- If you are well versed in the topic and can easily improvise, it is better to use index cards.
- Use 1 card for introduction. It should contain your introductory proposal.
- Use 1-2 cards for statements and arguments in favor of your message. Then prepare 1 card linking findings to main theme speeches.
- Write short sentences, snippets of phrases, or even individual words. These words and phrases must contain key concepts, reminding you of what you wanted to tell the public.
- If you do not know the topic well enough or feel insecure, write the full text of the speech.
Decide if visual materials will be needed during the presentation. You can prepare your presentation using Prezi or PowerPoint to accompany your introduction with visual information. Visual materials can also be prepared on paper (diagrams, graphs, illustrations, etc.).
- Visual materials should help the presentation, not overshadow it, so the minimum necessary visual materials should be used.
- Make sure the audience can read the texts on your visual aids. Too big is better than not big enough.
- Check the equipment of the room in which you will perform. If you are planning a presentation with a computer, the room should have a projector and a screen.
How to prepare a message or report?
Message- This is an oral monologue of no more than 4 minutes, containing scientific information. Report- another kind of oral monologue scientific style speech. The report differs from the message in a large amount of information. The optimal presentation time is 5-10 minutes. In the introduction, the speaker not only informs the topic, but also indicates its relevance and significance. The main part of the report contains material that is selected by students to consider this topic. In conclusion, conclusions must be drawn. The final text of the report can be read several times in order to better understand the sequence of presentation, and then be sure to speak out loud. In addition, you need to check how many minutes the speech will take: note the time of the beginning and end of the pronunciation by the clock. You must hit the required interval of ± 20 seconds. Report structure:- Title page (Appendix 1) Introduction (one paragraph) Main body Conclusion (one paragraph) List of sources used (literature, site names)
Job submission requirements
- The work must be done using a computer and printer on one side of A4 paper with one and a half line spacing. The font color should be black, font Times New Roman, size 14. The text should be printed with the following margins: right, top and bottom -15mm, left - 25mm. The paragraph indent should be the same throughout the text and be 125 mm. Text justification. Punctuation marks (except dashes) cannot be preceded by a space. A space is required after the punctuation mark. It is allowed to use the computer capabilities of focusing attention on certain terms, formulas, using bold, italics, underlining. Word wrap is not allowed. Tables and illustrations are placed in the center of the sheet and numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals (Fig. 1) If there are several illustrations, then all of them should be of the same size. Links to all figures, tables, diagrams, photos should be given in the text.
Messages and reports are evaluated according to the following criteria:
Compliance with the requirements for its design; - the need and sufficiency of information for the disclosure of the topic; - the ability of the student to freely express the main ideas reflected in the report; - the ability of the student to understand the essence of the questions asked of him and to formulate accurate answers to them. VOGLEDAR SECONDARY SCHOOL I-III STAGES №2
on a geography topic
"Zebras are the striped inhabitants of Africa"
Prepared by a student of grade 7-A Petrova Irina
Ugledar 2011
Do you think a zebra is white with black stripes or black with white stripes? In fact, the zebra is black with white stripes (black appears earlier), and not vice versa. Zebras are wild African horses; together with real horses and donkeys, they make up the genus and family of horses, a detachment of non-ungulate animals. They differ in a peculiar body color, consisting of alternating dark and light stripes. In physique, some zebras resemble donkeys, others are more similar to real horses. Horny calluses (chestnuts) are present only on the forelimbs. The mane is short, erect; tail with a brush elongated hair at the end. There are 3 types of zebras: the mountain zebra, the Gravy zebra and the quagga. The mountain zebra is the smallest of all (photo 1). The physique is like a donkey. The height at the withers of an adult stallion is about 125 cm. On the whole body, up to the hooves, there are bright black stripes, especially wide on the hips. The head is short and broad; ears are long. The hooves are narrow and high; large chestnuts. Found in South and Southwest Africa.
Rice. 1. Mountain zebra The Gravy zebra is much larger (Photo 2), reaches a height at the withers of more than 155 cm. On the whole body, up to the hooves, black stripes are much more numerous and narrow than those of the mountain zebra. Distributed in southern Ethiopia and adjacent parts of Kenya and Somalia.
Photo 2. Zebra Gravy Quagga - an exterminated equine animal (Photo 3), previously considered separate view zebras The quaggs lived in South Africa. In front they had a striped color, like a zebra, in the back they had a bay color of a horse, a body length of 180 cm. The last wild quagga was killed in 1878. The last quagga in the world died at the Amsterdam Zoo in 1883.
Photo 3. Quagga Zebras are herd polygamous animals, usually found in herds of 10-30 heads. Previously, when zebras were numerous, herds of several hundred and even thousands of heads were observed. They feed on herbaceous plants. Zebras are very cautious, fast-running animals. They easily tolerate captivity and breed regularly, but are difficult to tame. According to observations, in captivity, the duration of pregnancy is 346-390 days. Different kinds Zebras interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Crossbreeds of zebras with various breeds of domestic horses, donkeys and the Przewalski's horse are known. Successfully acclimatized in Ukraine in the Askania-Nova steppe reserve. Used sources
- /wiki/Zebras
Report– public message, which is a detailed presentation of a specific topic.
Stages of report preparation:
1. Determination of the purpose of the report.
2. Selection of the necessary material that determines the content of the report.
3. Drawing up a report plan, distribution of the collected material in the required logical sequence.
4. General acquaintance with the literature and selection of the main source among the sources.
5. Refinement of the plan, selection of material for each item of the plan.
6. Compositional design of the report.
7. Memorization, memorization of the text of the report, preparation of abstracts.
8. Presentation of a report.
9. Discussion of the report.
10. Evaluation of the report
Compositional design of the report- this is his real speech external structure, it reflects the ratio of the parts of the speech according to their purpose, stylistic features, in terms of volume, a combination of rational and emotional moments, as a rule, the elements of the composition of the report are: introduction, definition of the subject of the speech, presentation (refutation), conclusion.
Introduction helps to ensure the success of the speech on any topic.
The introduction should contain:
· Title of the report;
communication of the main idea;
· contemporary assessment subject of presentation;
a brief listing of the issues under consideration;
an interesting form of presentation for listeners;
Emphasizing the originality of the approach.
The presentation consists of the following parts:
Main part, in which the speaker must reveal the essence of the topic, is usually built on the principle of a report. The purpose of the main part is to present enough data to make the audience interested in the topic and want to get acquainted with the materials.
Conclusion- This is a clear generalization and brief conclusions on the topic being presented.
Oral regulation public speaking- no more than 10 minutes.
The art of oral presentation consists not only in an excellent knowledge of the subject of speech, but also in the ability to present one's thoughts and beliefs correctly and in an orderly manner, eloquently and captivatingly.
Any oral presentation must satisfy three main criteria, which ultimately lead to success: this is the criterion of correctness, i.e. compliance with language norms, the criterion of semantic adequacy, i.e. compliance of the content of the speech with reality, and the criterion of effectiveness, i.e. compliance of the achieved results with the set goal.
The work of preparing an oral presentation can be divided into two main stages: the pre-communicative stage (preparation of a speech) and the communicative stage (interaction with the audience).
Work on preparing an oral presentation begins with the formulation of the topic. It is best to formulate the topic in such a way that its first word denotes the name of the received in the course of the project scientific result(for example, "Manufacturing technology ...", "Development model ...", "Control system ...", "Detection method ...", etc.). The topic of the speech should not be overloaded, it is impossible to "embrace the immensity", covering a large number of issues will lead to their cursory listing, to declarativeness instead of in-depth analysis. Unsuccessful wording - too long or too short and general, very banal and boring, not containing problems, divorced from further text, etc.
The presentation itself should consist of three parts - introduction (10-15% of the total time), main part (60-70%) and conclusion (20-25%).
Introduction includes the presentation of the authors (last name, first name, patronymic, if necessary, place of study / work, status), the title of the report, decoding the subtitle in order to accurately determine the content of the speech, a clear definition of the core idea. The core idea of the project is understood as the main thesis, the key position. The core idea makes it possible to set a certain tone for the performance. To formulate the main thesis means to answer the question, why talk (goal) and what to talk about (means to achieve the goal).
Requirements for the main thesis of the speech:
- the phrase should state main idea and fit the purpose of the speech;
- the judgment should be short, clear, easily retained in short-term memory;
- thought must be understood unambiguously, not to contain contradictions.
There can be several core ideas in a speech, but no more than three.
The most common mistake at the beginning of a speech is either to apologize or to declare one's inexperience. The result of the introduction should be the interest of the audience, attention and disposition to the presenter and the future topic.
Photo, video fragments, audio recordings, and factual material can be used to argue in favor of the core idea of the project. For ease of perception, it is better to demonstrate numerical data through tables and graphs, and not to abuse them by reading them. Best of all, when the amount of digital material in an oral presentation is limited, it is better to refer to it, rather than give it in full, since the abundance of numbers rather tires the listeners than arouses interest.
The plan for the development of the main part should be clear. The optimal number of facts and necessary examples should be selected.
In a scientific speech, the following use of word forms is accepted: present tense verbs in the “timeless” meaning are more often used, reflexive and impersonal verbs, the predominance of 3rd person forms of the verb, imperfective forms, indefinite personal sentences are used. Before you use corporate and professional jargon or terms in your presentation, you need to make sure that the audience understands what you are talking about.
If the use of technical terms and words that some of the audience may not understand is necessary, then try to give brief description each of them when you use them in the presentation process for the first time.
The most common mistakes in the main part of the report are going beyond the issues under consideration, overlapping points of the plan, complicating certain points of speech, as well as overloading the text with theoretical reasoning, an abundance of issues raised (declarative, lack of evidence), lack of connection between the parts of the speech, disproportionate parts of the speech (long introduction, crumpled main provisions, conclusions).
In custody it is necessary to formulate the conclusions that follow from the main idea (ideas) of the speech. A well-formed conclusion helps good impression from the performance as a whole. In conclusion, it makes sense to repeat the core idea and, in addition, again (in summary) to return to those moments of the main part that aroused the interest of the audience. You can end your speech with a decisive statement. Introduction and conclusion require mandatory preparation, they are the most difficult to create on the go. Psychologists have proven that what is said at the beginning and at the end of the message (“the law of the region”) is best remembered, so the introduction should attract the attention of listeners, interest them, prepare for the perception of the topic, introduce it (not the introduction is important in itself, but its correlation with the rest of the parts), and the conclusion should summarize in a compressed form everything that was said, strengthen and thicken the main idea, it should be such that "the listeners feel that there is nothing more to say" (A.F. Koni).
In key statements, you should use phrases that program interest. Here are some turns that help increase interest:
- "It will allow you..."
- "Thanks to this you will get..."
"This will avoid..."
- "It boosts your..."
- "It gives you an extra..."
- "It makes you..."
- "Due to this, you can ..."
After preparing the text / speech plan, it is useful to check yourself with questions:
- Does my presentation generate interest?
· Do I know enough about the subject and do I have enough data?
Will I be able to finish the presentation within the allotted time?
· Does my presentation correspond to the level of my knowledge and experience?
When preparing for a presentation, it is necessary to choose the way of speaking: oral presentation based on the abstract (prepared slides can also serve as a support) or reading the prepared text. Note, however, that reading a pre-written text significantly reduces the impact of the speech on the audience. Memorizing the written text noticeably fetters the speaker and binds him to a pre-planned plan, making it impossible to respond to the reaction of the audience.
It is well known that a dispassionate and languid speech does not evoke a response from the listeners, no matter how interesting and important the topic is. Conversely, sometimes even a speech that is not entirely coherent can affect the audience if the speaker talks about topical issue if the audience feels the competence of the speaker. Bright, energetic speech, reflecting the speaker's enthusiasm, his confidence, has a significant inspiring power.
In addition, it has been established that short phrases easier to hear than long ones. Only half of adults are able to understand a phrase containing more than thirteen words. And a third of all people, listening to the fourteenth and subsequent words of one sentence, generally forget its beginning. Must be avoided complex sentences, involved and participle turns. Outlining complex issue, you need to try to convey information in parts.
A pause in oral speech performs the same role as punctuation marks in writing. After complex conclusions or long sentences, a pause should be made so that the listeners can think about what was said or correctly understand the conclusions drawn. If the speaker wants to be understood, then one should not speak without a pause for more than five and a half seconds (!).
Special place in the presentation of the project is an appeal to the audience. It is known that addressing the interlocutor by name creates a more trusting context of a business conversation. In public speaking, you can also use similar techniques. So, such expressions as “As you know”, “I am sure that this will not leave you indifferent” can serve as indirect appeals. Such arguments to the audience are a kind of statements that subconsciously affect the will and interests of the listeners. The speaker shows that the audience is interesting to him, and this is the easiest way to achieve mutual understanding.
During the performance, it is important to constantly monitor the reaction of the audience. Attentiveness and observation, combined with experience, allow the speaker to capture the mood of the audience. It is possible that consideration of some issues will have to be reduced or completely abandoned. Often a good joke can lighten the mood.
After the presentation, you need to be ready to answer the questions that the audience has.
When presenting the results of the work, it is very important to prepare your appeal to the audience, taking into account the basic requirements for oral communication. The design of the report provides for a clear and concise presentation of information that is easily perceived by the audience. In accordance with this, it is important to follow the rules for the presentation of the report, which will help make your speech interesting.
The main purpose of the speaker is basically to:
To inform listeners about something in a short period of time;
Demonstrate visual material (diagrams, graphs, diagrams ...);
Try to convey information in the most easily accessible ways;
Crystallize the most useful and important information from the entire volume, present data and facts so that they are easy to remember.
Based on the purpose, subject, field of activity in which it is published, the design of the report also depends. You can write a message in free form and also freely behave to the speaker during the demonstration. Sometimes, it is necessary to comply with the mandatory constituent elements.
For example, the design of reports in the scientific field is always structured and identical to the scientific work on which the presentation is proposed.
Below we consider the main components of the report. As an example, consider the representative scientific work. A similar algorithm of actions is suitable for preparing a report on any topic.
The text should begin with a greeting. For example: “Dear attendees, members of the commission, guests (here you should list the main groups of people present, depending on the nature of the event)!”.
To acquaint those present with a clear title of the topic of the report. You can do this: “Your attention is invited to a report on the topic ... Let me start with ...” (If this scientific topics, then you can start with the relevance of the proposed topic, then move on to the goal, tasks, and then to the consideration of the process and results).
Further, after the introductory part, you can begin to retell the main process of scientific (marketing, etc.) research. It is desirable to underline this transition with words. It will be easier for the audience to orientate, and it will be easier for you to keep their attention. It can be formulated as follows: “Now let me move on to the main results of the study. Let me now present the stages of our research in more detail.
It would be very good to break all the information into blocks. This can be done by suggesting that the whole process be considered in separate stages. For example: “Research on the topic ... took place in several stages. Now we will briefly talk about them. So, at the first stage, we turned to ... ".
This part of the report is the most informative, longer, so you need to make sure that the interest of the audience does not fade away. Various presentation materials containing graphs, diagrams, illustrations, etc. will help you with this.
But it should be remembered that an excessive amount of them can even more tire the audience and cause irritation. Therefore, it is worth choosing the most important and necessary slides that reinforce your speech, and avoid a kaleidoscope of all kinds of pictures that a person will hardly have time to see, let alone understand them.
It is worth considering that you need to clearly understand which illustration accompanies the text. They must match and complement each other. According to the text of the entire report, it is very necessary to make notes about what exactly the slide should be on the screen when you pronounce certain words.
At the end of the report, it is necessary to briefly summarize the most important, to make a logical conclusion. To state succinctly. what did you come to in your conclusions, what development paths do you see further.
Be sure to express gratitude for your attention, offer to move on to the discussion.
In conclusion, we can say this: “Thanks (to someone) for the opportunity to speak, to those present for their attention. I propose to proceed to the discussion of the presented results.
As you can see, the design of the report should be as structured as possible. This will help the speaker himself to easily navigate the information, answer questions, be able to return to the text again and again in case of discussion points, as well as during the entire discussion.