Poster ecology through the eyes of children. About the family creative competition "Environmental poster
Olga Krokhina
To date ecology our planet is in a state of acute crisis. The rapid progress of science and technology, on the one hand, made it possible to satisfy all the needs of human society, but on the other hand, worsened the conditions for its existence.
The ever-increasing influence of civilization on the environment is rapidly bringing the global ecological catastrophe. It should be emphasized that, according to many scientists, this catastrophe can occur much earlier than a crisis due to the lack of any fossil resource.
Whole scientific progress can't prevent ecological catastrophe, since artificial systems are unable to replace the natural biocomponent environment, which means that they will not regulate the processes taking place in the biosphere.
Among the relevant environmental the most important problems are:
The disappearance of many thousands of species of animals and plants;
The world's oceans are less and less able to regulate natural processes;
Widespread loss of forest cover;
Total pollution of the atmosphere, lack of clean air;
The appearance of holes in ozone layer, which protects all life on the planet from deadly cosmic rays;
Reducing the stock of minerals.
Decide this problem necessary in the shortest possible time, and exclusively by the forces of the world community, since all scientific tasks nature management cannot be resolved by only one single state.
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Crafts on the theme "Take care of nature", drawings on the theme "Ecology of nature" will help children instill a love for native land, learn to use junk material.
The content of the article:
It is necessary to educate a caring attitude towards nature in children from childhood. After all, if parents allow themselves to litter in the forest, then their children will behave the same way. If adults show children how to protect nature, love it, then the kids will grow up as worthy people. Be more in nature with children, tell them about plants, trees. Collect natural material: cones, bunches of mountain ash, seeds of plants, then to do joint work at home.
Crafts "Take care of nature"
Children love to color. Therefore, print a poster on this topic in black and white, give the kids the freedom of creativity. Let them use crayons, pencils, felt-tip pens or paints to add bright colors to the canvas. Tell them what color the elements of the poster should be, but if the children want to show their vision of the plot, do not interfere with them, let them show their individuality. Then teach them how to make crafts on the theme "Save nature." Prepare everything you need in advance.
Craft "Waterfall"
If you went out with the children for a picnic, after the feast, tell them that plant residues can be buried in the forest, they will rot. But with plastic bottles, this number will not work. Therefore, you need to take them with you to throw in the trash or do a wonderful job that requires:
- plastic bottle;
- cardboard;
- scissors;
- water;
- cup;
- beads;
- colored paper;
- markers;
- gouache.
A sheet of blue cardboard will turn into water. At the bottom you need to glue the beads, and cut out a semblance of pebbles from multi-colored paper.
It remains to glue the "fish" on blue cardboard, draw air bubbles in the water.
Craft from natural material
To create it you will need:
- Walnut;
- cone;
- dry grass;
- tree branches;
- saw off from the trunk of a dry tree, which will become a stand;
- glue.
Use a bright marker along the edge of the stand to write “Protect the forest!”, And if the child is already familiar with the letter, let him do it himself.
Drawings on the theme "Ecology of nature"
Such creativity will also instill in children a love for native land. If they were asked to bring drawings on the topic of nature ecology to a children's institution, the following can be advised.
On this poster, the author shows how specifically each person can help maintain a normal ecology and pyrogenesis. For this you need:
- clean up after themselves garbage;
- after resting by the fire, be sure to put it out;
- in vain do not pour water;
- save electricity;
- take care of your home.
Reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere will also help preserve the environment. It is not for nothing that in the summer motorists are encouraged to switch to bicycles in order to get to work on this transport.
Parents can take bike rides with their children, thus also doing sports in the fresh air.
The following drawing on the topic of nature ecology is symbolic. Under a bright rainbow, the child depicted a representative of animals, birds, insects, plants and calls on everyone to save our nature.
The following work is intended for schoolchildren. To make it, you will need:
- sheet of paper or whatman paper;
- simple pencil;
- eraser;
- paints.
The picture is divided into 2 thematic parts. On the left, beautiful nature, a grazing horse, soaring birds in the blue sky are drawn, and on the right, industrial enterprises that carry out harmful emissions into the atmosphere and, as a result, dead trees, bushes, grass.
The next poster on the theme “Save nature” shows the children that it is necessary to protect the forest from fire.
If the child is asked to draw a picture on such a topic, you can give him the next idea. There is a forest, and a river, and a rainbow, and animals.
If this drawing on the topic "Ecology of Nature" is intended for middle school students, the next one can be reproduced by children from elementary school and older kindergarten groups. Show them how to draw cone-shaped tree crowns and a lush crown. Children will also be able to draw lilies of the valley and strawberries.
Other work done in a very interesting technique. To do the same, take:
- a needle;
- colored threads;
- a sheet of white cardboard;
- simple pencil.
We start from the bottom of the canvas. Help the child to put the yellow thread through the eye of the needle, tie a knot at the two ends of the thread. The rays of the sun can be made long or consisting of several stitches. Threads different colors children will embroider a rainbow, finish work in the same technique.
The following paintings are based on comparison and contrast.
On the right is a corner of the globe. Explain to the children that it will remain so if we all protect nature. On the left it is shown what it will become if you litter, not taking care to put out the fire behind you or burn it in the wrong place. Pollution of water bodies will lead to such sad consequences. The child will understand all this if he draws such a canvas.
Another work develops this idea and shows that people are able to resist atmospheric pollution, they need to reduce the amount of exhaust gases, and clean up their garbage.
The following drawing is also designed to inspire children with the right thoughts regarding ecology.
To let the guys know that a lot of interesting things can be made from waste material, offer them the following ideas.
Crafts from garbage
Children love kinder surprises, so they almost always have packaging from the gifts inside. Teach the children by showing what can be made from such waste material.
Wonderful funny chickens will be the result. To make them, kids will need:
- plastic containers from kinder eggs;
- glue;
- beads or pins;
- yellow and red cardboard;
- scissors.
You can pierce the top of the Kinder egg package with two pins. Then the beads remaining outside will become the chicken's eyes.
To make the shell, have the parents cut the top of each half of the package in a zigzag pattern. It will be more difficult for children to do this. Together with them, make a nest from straw or dry grass, or from thin twigs, fastening the elements with thread or glue.
You can make from garbage and here is such a picturesque bouquet. To create it, take:
- packages from under kinder eggs of different colors;
- scissors;
- sisal or green plastic bottles;
- cocktail tubes;
- nail.
- Also cut the egg halves in a zigzag pattern. FROM reverse side using a heated nail, make a hole.
- Insert a straw into each, first insert the edge away to cut it into 2 parts. Then tie them in a knot, then this "stem" will be firmly fixed in the flower.
- Set them all up the same way. Connect the flowers, cover with sisal, tie with a ribbon.
- If there is no sisal, then cut off the top and bottom of the green plastic bottle and cut the rest in a spiral into a thin strip.
- Kinder egg packaging;
- toothpicks;
- scissors;
- plasticine;
- paints;
- thin colored rope;
- flat lid from a cardboard box;
- green colored paper;
- glue.
- Let the child glue colored paper inside the lid of the box, this is a carpet of green grass. Toothpicks must be pre-painted, when dry, stick along the edge of the box, like a palisade. These pickets are tied with a rope in several rows to make a fence.
- Pierce the lower parts of the plastic blanks with an awl, let the child insert toothpicks-legs here. He will smear them with black plasticine, make small circles out of it, and attach them to the cow's body. Then you need to fashion the horns, and from the yellow plasticine - the muzzle.
- In the same way, let the child create other animals: a pig, a cat, a dog, a sheep. Then you get a whole village economy, and you already know how to make chickens from kinders.
The following crafts take care of nature are no less interesting in execution. After all, after a feast, a holiday, plastic cups and disposable plates remain. Make such a clown out of them together with your children.
For him you will need:
- strong wire;
- disposable plates and glasses;
- plastic tray;
- rubber gloves;
- synthetic winterizer;
- buttons;
- multi-colored threads;
- cardboard;
- plastic bottle;
- glue.
- Make a human frame out of wire. String on each wire, which became arms and legs, cups, piercing their bottom.
- Glue 2 plates together, putting plastic hair between them first. Glue threads on the face in the form of a mouth, cheeks, eyelashes. And the pupils can be made from a plastic bottle.
- Two trays will become the back and front of the clown. Decorate his clothes with buttons, sequins, cardboard, which will turn into a jacket collar.
- Stuff the gloves with padding polyester, attach them in place. This is how the theme of the ecology of nature played. After all, this garbage will not harm her if you make such crafts for a summer residence or for a competition.
To make the first toy, you need to take an empty plastic bottle of a similar shape, for example, from a “toilet duck”, rinse it well, and remove the label. Draw the windows and doors of this minibus with a felt-tip pen, cut them out with a knife and scissors.
So that the child does not get hurt on the sharp edges of the plastic, sand them first with large, then fine sandpaper.
Covers can be glued with super glue, making wheels or using wire axles. Make two punctures with an awl on one side and the same number on the other side of the bottom of the bottle. Insert one and the second wire into them, on the ends of which you need to glue along the cover, which will become the axes.
And to make a helicopter, you will need:
- 2 bottles of drinking yogurt;
- glue;
- 2 caps from a plastic bottle;
- straws from cocktails;
- 2 nails;
- scissors.
Make skids from two straws, attach them to strips of plastic cut from the second bottle.
With a hot thin nail with a wide head, make a hole in the lid and its attachment point, as well as at the ends of the straws. Match these parts to make the top propeller. In the tail section, make it from straws.
If you need to quickly make crafts about the ecology of nature, use plastic bottles. Tell your child that those who throw them away in the forest are damaging nature. After all, such a container will rot only after 200 years! It is better to make crafts out of it for the competition. It will take very little time and materials to make the next one, here are some:
- milk bottle;
- plasticine;
- 2 buttons;
- black and white cardboard;
- glue;
- pliers;
- wire wrapped in white.
Have your child smear black plasticine on the bottle cap to make a nose for this rat. From white cardboard, he will cut out ears, and from black - a mustache for her. Using plasticine, attach eyes to the muzzle.
To make fun snowmen, show the kids how to paint Aktimel bottles with felt-tip pen to create the features of these characters. You can teach your child to knit. Cast on 2 needles, show him how to knit a rectangular fabric in garter stitch. Then it must be sewn on the wrong side. After - thread the needle and pass the thread to the top of the cap, tighten it.
How to make a fan of forks was described in the corresponding article. Next to him, such an animal from a plastic bottle will look wonderful.
From the other two, you need to cut off the necks and glue them directly with the plugs to the main container. The legs are done. Ears are cut from the remains of an auxiliary bottle.
It's easy to create an adorable horse with two colorful bottles and a threaded mop head.
To make a cat, you will need:
- 3 identical bottles;
- scissors;
- paints;
- tassel;
- glue;
- piece of fur.
Flowers from a plastic bottle will also help turn trash into a piece of decor or work for a competition. Petals are cut out of this container. To make them arch like that, you need to hold the blanks over the flame for a short time.
Crafts from textiles and other materials
They will also show children how to make things from junk things, from the remnants of fabric, leather.
To make such a panel, take:
- patches of fabric;
- pieces of suede;
- buttons;
- lacing;
- old lightning;
- unnecessary things;
- cardboard.
- A sheet of cardboard will become the basis of the canvas. If you want it to be voluminous, you can put a sheet synthetic winterizer between it and the fabric. If not, then immediately glue the rectangle of fabric onto the cardboard, or the child will do it.
- Let him cut out the trunk and branches of a tree from brown suede, and its crown from green fabric. If this is an apple tree, let him cut out the fruits from the patches of the corresponding color. Sew loops to them, let him put them on buttons sewn to the crown.
- In order for the child to develop hand motor skills, sew a zipper on the trunk, let him unzip and fasten it. Sew lacing here, which will also help the development of fine motor skills of the baby.
Like apples, cut out butterflies from dense fabric, they can also be attached to a tree with loops and buttons.
A doll made of threads will turn out to be openwork and airy. To create it, you will need:
- 2 balloons;
- the cloth;
- PVA glue;
- needle;
- tassel;
- patches;
- buttons;
- some wool or roving.
Let the child glue these 2 balls, glue a roving or wool on top of one, which will become the hair of a tumbler. Tie her a scarf. The button will become her nose, a piece of red fabric - her mouth, and blue and white - her eyes. It remains to tie a scarf, the work is completed.
If the mother has a cord left from needlework, let her show her daughter or son how to sew this thin braid, folding it to make a flower. You can first edge the fabric petals with this cord, and then sew them onto the canvas.
Crafts take care of nature can also be made from metal waste. See how unnecessary parts from a computer and a CD turn into a clock.
You can make a whole city out of garbage using wallpaper scraps, cardboard boxes, plastic bottles.
Even crayon shavings can be put to good use by turning them into a chic princess dress. The girl will cut her out of colored paper.
The following work shows how different waste material can be used, these are:
- candy wrappers;
- straws for juice;
- plastic bottles for milk, sauces;
- buttons;
- corrugated paper;
- braid.
Cut straws will become the stamens of the flower, they need to be glued around the button. The next flower can be created from a candy wrapper. It is folded like an accordion, bent, a button is glued or sewn to the center. The next flower is made from one piece of plastic.
All these plants are attached to the base, decorate the panel with braid.
When creating such crafts with your children, tell them about the ecology of nature so that they know how such beautiful things can be made from garbage. The video will help you get acquainted with other exciting ideas.
How to make a craft on the theme "Protect Nature", see the following video:
Municipal state-financed organization additional education
"Center children's creativity» Bryansk.
Research work
"The effectiveness of the impact of an environmental poster on the viewer"
Completed by: Firsova Alexandra, 9 years old.
Association "Create, invent, try"
Head: teacher of additional education Chernobay N.N.
2017
CONTENT
Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…3
A poster as a means of protecting the environment from pollution…..5
1.1. Why household waste is dangerous…………………………………………..5
1.2.Features of the language of the poster………………………………………………6
2. Environmental poster impact study………………………9
2.1. Selection and analysis of research material…………………9
2.2. Interview. Processing and analysis of results…………………………11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 14
List of sources and literature……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Applications……………………………………………………………………...16
Introduction
We are all passengers of one ship named Earth, -
It means that there is simply nowhere to move from it.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery
The year 2017 has been declared the Year of Ecology in Russia. This means that each of us must make our personal contribution to the common cause of conservation. native nature, become the author and initiator of interesting cases and events. And then the beloved Bryansk will delight everyone with the cleanliness of the streets, neighborhoods, clean rivers and green groves.
Rationale for the choice of the topic of work: This topic was attracted by the desire to obtain important information and the necessary knowledge for their further use in the creation of copyright environmental posters.
Problem question: Huge mountains of garbage accumulate in the city and outside the city, turning everything into landfills. In some places you can see posters urging people not to throw garbage anywhere. Why do some posters really help, and there is no garbage in the area, while others do not cope with their purpose?
Relevance: In ourXXIcentury, the century of modern civilization, the development of science and technology, the problem of garbage and unauthorized dumps is becoming more and more urgent. Modern people are not accustomed to take care of nature, many do not have a culture of behavior in the environment, so talking about the harm caused by humans to nature, as well as to their own health, is important and relevant.
Object and subject of research.
The object of the study is an ecological poster.
The subject of the study is the impact of environmental posters on the behavior of the viewer.
In our study, students of the 2nd grade acted as a spectator. high school No. 19. There are 24 people (12 boys and 12 girls).
Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the impact various kinds ecological poster to the viewer.
Research objectives:
spend comparative analysis semantic meaning of posters;
develop a classification of posters according to their slogan;
conduct a survey on the topic;
draw conclusions based on the data.
Research hypothesis ; Let's assume that environmental posters that have an emotionally positive coloring affect the viewer more effectively than emotionally negative posters.
Research methods: comparison; questioning; analysis and synthesis; generalization.
Stages of work:
Preparation for the study: study of theoretical material, selection of environmental posters;
Conducting a survey;
Processing and analysis of results;
Evaluation of the process and result of work.
This research work has both theoretical and practical significance.Theoretical significance is manifested in the development of a classification of environmental posters according to the nature of their slogan.Practical significance is to further use the results obtained in the creation of environmental posters in order to increase the effectiveness of their impact on the viewer.
Previously, for this purpose, the environmental poster was not studied, which indicatesnovelty this research work.
How dangerous is household waste?
A poster as a means of protecting the environment from pollution.
One of the environmental problems is the widespread pollution of cities, suburban areas and forests with household waste. The main source that leaves and scatters garbage everywhere is people. The real way to deal with garbage is to draw attention to the problem and promote responsible behavior in nature.
As a rule, people do not take the pollution of the environment with household waste seriously. They are afraid of industrial emissions, chemical pollution, but they do not see any danger in forgetting a harmless bag of household garbage somewhere unnoticed. A variety of trash consists of glass, metals and, of course, plastic. Lead, mercury, and other toxic substances are in the wild, it is worth throwing away batteries, lamps and other hazardous waste. In the wild, various substances do not remain isolated, but enter into various chemical reactions.
Solvents, building material residues, wood treated with special chemical compounds, detergents, etc. - if you do not dispose of all these things in the right way, all this decomposes and gets into the soil, into groundwater, and with them into springs. Plants and berries grown on poisoned land can harm not only animals, but also humans. Living water in springs becomes dead. And all because one threw out a can of canned food, the other - from under the paint, the third - from under the shampoo.
A significant part of unauthorized landfills today is made up of heterogeneous packaging material. It is mainly made of plastic and other synthetics. Once upon a time, serious hopes were pinned on plastic: it does not rot, does not corrode. But today, its durability and practicality are becoming a headache for those involved in the disposal of household waste. In addition, the fashion for the separate collection of recyclable waste - the delivery of waste paper, glass containers and other things has not been widely used. But the fashion one time use various items - from bags to dishes - has led to the formation of an unimaginable amount of plastic waste.
Burning it is harmful - toxic waste is formed, which, together with smoke and dust, enters the lungs, burial is also undesirable due to the "longevity" of the material. Some plastics are resistant to external influences and accumulate for years as dead weight, some enter into reactions resulting in the formation of toxic substances such as formaldehyde, carbamides, etc.
Unnatural things take a long time to decompose. So, a plastic bag can lie in the ground for two hundred years, a plastic container will last even more - five hundred years. And the catastrophically increasing mass of household waste, mainly in the form of plastic packaging, continues to bury ravines and forest plantations under it.
The real way to deal with garbage is to draw attention to the problem and promote responsible human behavior in the environment. One of the means of agitation and propaganda is the poster.
1.2 Features of the language of the poster.
What is an environmental poster? An environmental poster is a compact, informational image with text designed to draw attention to environmental issues.
The poster is not important in itself, but only in connection with the result of its impact. When we talk about the effectiveness of a poster, we mean its purpose: how well the poster copes with its practical task of making changes in people's behavior. For an environmental poster, an indicator of effectiveness can be a significant reduction in the amount of garbage left behind.
A poster is a means of influencing the psyche of a person and a group. Therefore, we can consider a poster effective if it captures the attention of viewers well, arouses their interest, is retained in memory, and so on. In order for the poster to achieve its goal, it needs to draw attention to itself, so that this attention is retained on the poster, so that the content of the poster is assimilated, so that it excites interest and sinks into memory, so that the poster arouses the right emotions in the viewer, convinces the viewer and creates would be an attitude favorable to the upcoming action of the viewer, or would cause this action itself. Therefore, if the poster is not seen, not read, not remembered, etc., then it will not bring any benefit.
The poster works in the conditions of the street, industrial premises, recreation areas, etc. At the same time, it is not provided with an inscription-pointer: “Stop and look!”. He achieves this himself, possessing an important initial property - the ability to attract the viewer's attention. If there is no such property, the poster will simply not be noticed, and all its efforts
creators and distributors will go to waste. Therefore, the knowledge and practical use by a poster artist of psychological techniques to attract attention determines the success of his creative work..
The perception of any poster comes from the center of the composition, then, having disconnected from it, the viewer shifts his gaze to another part. So, sequentially there is an examination and knowledge of the semantic difference and unity of all the parts that make up the composition. After that, the viewer returns to the compositional center - the starting point of perception. However, the time of perception of each such part should not be too long, not too short.
The color in the composition emphasizes to one degree or another the most essential side of the theme, its main idea. Even in a poster whose function is to reveal some negative sides in reality, it is not worth using disharmony of color to strengthen the viewer's negative attitude towards an antisocial phenomenon. The properties of color discomfort will cause a person to have a negative reaction to the poster as a whole.
In the science of color, there are many experimental studies human reactions to color properties, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of color combinations. Unfortunately, artists do not always use the knowledge of color science and the psychology of color perception, which leads to a misunderstanding of the functionality of color. The meaning of color here is also that the viewer does not get tired of looking at the poster. Therefore, the color should not be shocking, catchy, but rather, attracting, detaining the gaze of a person.
To attract the attention and interest of the viewer, to activate his perception, the poster uses a number of specific artistic means. Important role plays the nature of the font and the arrangement of the text, a bright conditional decorative color scheme.
It is very difficult and even impossible to perceive the meaning of the image of a poster without a slogan, and vice versa. The text and the image together provide the context necessary for the perception of the poster's thought. It is easy to see that text, especially short text, can seem meaningless without context. Thus, the slogan and image reinforce each other.
2. Environmental poster impact study.
2.1. Selection and analysis of research material.
We used 50 posters as research material, the functional purpose of which is to influence the viewer in order to force him to comply with the rules of cleanliness.
In our research work we will consider only the "main" texts of the posters, written capital letters. In addition to such slogans, posters may also contain additional, often rather long, text written in smaller letters, but we will not consider it in this paper.
After finding the sources of the research material, we transferred the image of posters with slogans to the programWordand numbered each poster. Thus, the material has taken a convenient form for further consideration. All slogans and images can be viewed in the appendix at the end of this work (Appendix 1).
Upon closer examination of the posters, we found that the texts in them are located in different ways. Some posters have text at the top, others at the bottom or in the middle of the poster. It is not uncommon for text to start at the top and continue to the bottom of the poster. Often the effectiveness of the text is enhanced by punctuation marks.
Posters with slogans that include words of gratitude, for example:Thank you for the clean forest (see Appendix 1, fig. 46)Thank you for keeping clean (see Appendix 1, Fig. 48), we have identified in the group№1 . We named this group"Gratitude" .
Those posters in the text of which contain a request:Please do not litter (See Appendix 1, Fig. 33)Please do not litter (see Appendix 1, fig. 34), assigned to a group№2 , which was named"Request" .
Posters that contain the words “help”, “don’t destroy” in text messages, for example:Man, help! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 15).Don't destroy nature! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 22).Help nature, clean up your rubbish (see Appendix 1, fig. 36), joined the group№3, entitled"Empathy" .
Posters with slogans that sound like an appeal, for example:Be, citizens, cultured - do not throw past the ballot box! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 1).Inhabitants of the Planet - Do not litter the rivers! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 12).Gotta take out the trash! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 17).It's time for us to stop turning our forests into a dump! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 19).Do not litter, do not quit, keep clean (See Appendix 1, Fig. 27). Keep clean! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 37).Take the trash out of the house! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 39).Take out the trash! The air will become cleaner! (See Appendix 1, Fig. 41).clean up after yourself (see Appendix 1, fig. 50), formed a groupNo. 4 "Summon" .
Posters, in the text of which they scold violators of cleanliness, calling them impartial words, for example:Threw garbage on the street, don't forget to grunt!!! (see Annex 1, Fig. 6),Throwing garbage here, do not forget to grunt (see Appendix 1, fig. 49), joined the groupNo. 5 "Censure" .
Those posters in text message which have the word "no" or the particle "not":Garbage - no (see Annex 1, fig. 8)Don't litter - it was clean before you! (see Appendix 1, fig. 28), No trash (See Appendix 1, Fig. 29), formed a groupNo. 6 "Prohibition" .
Thus, we reviewed and analyzed 50 environmental posters, while creating the following classification of their types:
Gratitude.
Request.
Empathy.
Call.
Censure.
Ban.
This classification helped us develop a questionnaire for a survey on the topic.
2.2. Interview. Processing and analysis of results.
Pupils of the 2nd grade of school No. 19 took part in our study. There are 24 students in total (12 girls and 12 boys). For them, we prepared a questionnaire consisting of two items (see Appendix 2). It took 5 minutes to complete the questionnaire.
In the first paragraph of the questionnaire, younger students were asked to choose their answer to the question:« Have you ever thrown garbage in the wrong place? ". The following answers were offered:1) Yes, often. 2) Yes, if no one sees. 3) No, never.
In the second paragraph of the questionnaire, options for environmental posters were given, from which it was proposed to choose one that would prevent non-compliance with the rules of cleanliness. The posters were selected in such a way that each of them was included in one of the sections of the classification previously developed by us. Poster№1 "Please do not litter" is included in the section"Request" . Poster№2 "Thank you for keeping clean" refers to the section"Gratitude" . Poster№3 "Keep clean!" attached to section"Summon" . Poster№4 "Man, help!" corresponds to section"Empathy" . Poster№5 "No Garbage" is included in the section"Ban" . Poster№6 "Throwing garbage here, do not forget to grunt" refers to the section"Censure" . The respondents did not know that posters were assigned to sections.
After conducting the survey, we began to process the received data.
So, to the first question of the questionnaire« Have you ever thrown garbage in the wrong place? not a single student0% ) didn't answerOften ". Seven schoolchildren29% ) gave the following answer:Yes, if no one sees ". Seventeen respondents (71% ) answered "No never ».
The results obtained suggest that even if the students answered the question dishonestly, they all understand that throwing garbage in the wrong place is not good and such behavior is not approved in society.
For the second item of the questionnaire, the following results were obtained: a poster from the group “Gratitude » chose eight schoolchildren (33% ), a poster from the group “Request ” noted four students (17% ). Poster from the section "Empathy ”, also preferred four schoolchildren (17% ), a poster from the group “call » gave preference to 5 respondents (21% ). Poster from the group "censure » chose one respondent (4% ). On the poster from the section "Ban ”two schoolchildren drew attention (8% ).
Figure 1 - The results of the analysis of the questionnaire "I and cleanliness"
A request, empathy, appeal, censure, prohibition can cause an emotionally negative reaction in a person. For example, they ask you for something, call for something, but you are lazy or it annoys you. When they blame, scold with impartial words, it is unpleasant for everyone. Empathy causes heartache for someone, tears. The ban can provoke protest.
And only gratitude for us always has an emotionally positive color. When they say “Thank you” to us, they thank us for something, we are very pleased, and we try to support the best in us that can cause words of gratitude addressed to us.
Thus, the assumption thatenvironmental posters that have an emotionally positive coloring affect the viewer more effectively than emotionally negative posters, it was fully confirmed.
Conclusion
In ourXXIcentury of development of science and technology, the problem of environmental pollution with household and industrial waste is becoming increasingly important. When conducting this study, we were looking for an answer to the question why some posters really help, and there is no garbage in the district, while others do not cope with their purpose.
We assumed that environmental posters, which have an emotionally positive coloring, have a more effective effect on the viewer than emotionally negative posters. The audience in our study was junior schoolchildren. In summing up, we found thatthey all understand that throwing garbage in the wrong place is not good and such behavior is not approved in society. Schoolchildren were asked to vote for a poster that could keep them from non-compliance with the rules of cleanliness. Largest number votes received a poster with the words "Thank you for keeping clean", which has an emotionally positive connotation. Unlike him, the rest of the posters could cause emotionally - negative manifestations, such as protest, hostility, sadness. Thus, the victory of an emotionally positive poster fully confirms the hypothesis put forward.
The information obtained as a result of the study can be used to create environmental posters in combination with artistic and technical orientation. In the future, we plan to make a similar poster, put it up in a place where a large number of people gather, and experimentally, by observation, test its effectiveness. The proven effectiveness will help us create functioning environmental posters and thus contribute to the development of the cleanliness of our region.
Applications
Ecology theme last years one of the hot topics all over the world. Therefore, special attention is paid to the environmental education of children from preschool age. Our teaching staff sets itself the task not only to enrich pupils with knowledge about the world around them, to teach children to appreciate nature, to form in them a need for environmental protection but also to prevent acts that harm nature. After all, it is so important from childhood to teach children to foresee the consequences of human intervention in nature. We are well aware that all our efforts will be in vain without the help of the parents of our pupils, therefore we actively involve parents in the process of education, through participation in various competitions, promotions, events and holidays.
From 17 to 24 March in our kindergarten a family creative competition of an ecological poster was held. Parents of all groups actively participated. But 2 groups turned out to be especially active: the smallest group No. 8 "Entertainers" (teachers Abakhova A.V., Doronicheva E.A.) and the oldest group No. 3 "Stars" (teachers Shcherbakova S.Yu., Bryantseva L.V. .). We want to thank all the participants of the competition. The works amaze with their thematic variety, technique of execution, material used.
Of course, there must be winners in the competition. Our jury evaluated the works in the following nominations: "Protect the forest from fire!", "Earth Day", "Environmental pollution", "Water Day", "Unchildish view of the environment". Each category has 1st, 2nd and 3rd place winners. The Grand Prix was awarded to the works of the Koroleva Alexandra family, group No. 8 "Entertainers" and the family of Nikolai Murashov, group No. 2 "Fireflies". All participants and winners will be awarded diplomas and certificates.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the organization and holding of environmental events, competitions, events, holidays with children is an interesting and fruitful business. But the most important thing is that the result of this activity will be environmentally literate children who are not indifferent to nature - the future citizens of our country.
The article was prepared by a member of the jury of the family creative competition
"Environmental poster", educator A.V. Abakhov
Olga Karpenko
It is known that 2017 is declared the Year of ecology in Russia. And New Year began with participation in the city competition dedicated to the year ecology. From the many nominations of the city competition, we chose four. One of them is a competition wall newspapers. We are with educator senior group Afonkina Marina Nikolaevna thought for a long time what to call our newspaper. And in the end, we decided to name it " Ecolyonok", as she has to talk about the work on education respect for nature in our kindergarten. I will not hide the fact that we searched the INTERNET for similar wall newspapers wishing to know: how best to arrange it. As a result, we decided to depict a tree, on the foliage of which we place notes and photographs about the work on environmental education of children of our preschool educational institution.
In the left corner we placed the emblem of the year ecology. Next to it is the name of the newspaper.
In the center of the tree, between the branches is a symbolic Earth, on which the statement B. Zakhoder:
A call was placed on the branches to protect the earth from debris, and on the trunk there was a photo of crafts made from waste material made by our parents. pupils.
Each leaf of the crown of a tree is a small story about what is being done in the nursery environmental education of preschoolers.
In the lower left corner is the ANNOUNCEMENT of articles, and in the right - the names of those who published the newspaper.
This is what we got wall newspaper. Our guys looked at it with pleasure and recalled all the events reflected in the newspaper.
Related publications:
Synopsis of OOD on environmental education "Air detectors" Synopsis of OOD for environmental education on the topic: "Air detectors" for middle group Synopsis of OOD on ecological.
Organization of work on environmental education of preschoolers The organization of work on the environmental education of preschoolers is carried out in stages. Stages of work: Stage 1 - preparatory (methodical.
Likhodey Natalya Aleksandrovna Report on ecology. It's no secret that the problem of ecology is acutely perceived not only in our country.
Memo for parents on environmental education"Take care of your planet": Tree, grass, flowers and birds They do not always know how to defend themselves, If they are destroyed, We will be left alone on the planet.
Plan for environmental education of preschoolers Plan for environmental education in MBDOO Creation of material and technical base. IBDOO activities Deadline Responsible 1. Designing the territory.
Project on environmental education "Garden". Relevance: Talking with children on the topics “Vegetables”, “Flowers”, I found out that many of them are not.