Major General Pavel Zolotarev: Why should Russia saber-rattling? We just learn how to defend well. A solid foundation for cooperation has been laid Zolotarev Guards Retired General
Born in 1946 Doctor historical sciences, Professor. Served at the headquarters of the Leningrad Military District, at the headquarters of the United Armed Forces of the states - participants of the Warsaw Pact, head of department at the Institute military history, was assistant chief General Staff Armed Forces of the USSR. From 1993 to 2002 - Head of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Vice President Russian Academy natural sciences. Acting State Councilor Russian Federation 1st class, major general.
- Vladimir Antonovich, so what is the essence of military power states?
The military power of the state is the totality of the material and spiritual forces of the country and the ability to mobilize them to achieve the goals of the war. It is made up of economic, social, scientific, technical, political and military potentials (factors), the role of which is determined by a number of important circumstances. Among them are historical, determined by the content of epochs.
In the works of domestic and foreign authors, these provisions are disclosed in sufficient detail. Mathematical methods for determining military power are also proposed. For example, Professor Ray Kline, director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.), in his book World Power Assessement: A Calculus of Strategic Drift (Assessing the power of world powers: calculating a strategic shift) suggests the following formula:
Pp + (C + E + M) x (S + W), where Pp is the total power of the state; C - critical mass (population + territory); E - economic power; M - military power; S - strategic concept (doctrine); W - state will.
Carlos Mattos suggested adding another variable to the formula - P - the degree of authority of state leaders:
Pp + (C + E + M) x (S + W + P).
Then, according to the Kline formula and according to the data for 1977, the power of states looked like this, as shown in the table.
Mattos emphasizes that the presence of the proposed variable (P - the authority of the state leader) could give different results on the power of world powers (The Evolution and Evaluation of the Concept of Power. Major General Carlos de Meira Mattos. Brazilian Army, Military Review, June 1977. - Approx. auth.). In the 20th century, military power provided the national security of the state with the whole range of its components. At the same time, the military factor played a leading role in it, although it was determined by all other elements of military power. However, with the advent of nuclear missile weapons, when nuclear powers were formed, and nuclear war began to mean a catastrophe for mankind, the importance of non-military means of ensuring security has increased. First of all economic.
In the last decades of the past century in theory and practice international relations, in political science and military theory, the concept of economic security has firmly taken its place. The latter simultaneously became the object of state policy. For economic security represents the country's ability to create the necessary material prerequisites for the comprehensive development of society and act as an independent and equal subject of world economic relations.
This largely explains the fact that at a time when our country is making a dramatic transition from one social system to another, the problems of solving top-priority economic problems are especially relevant and occupy the top bar on the scale of priorities.
And what is the peculiarity of military-economic problems in our time?
The economic reforms initiated after the collapse of the USSR turned out to be ineffective for many objective and subjective reasons. The economic power of the country has declined significantly. Now it is clear: the reform as a unity of socio-economic, material and value directions of economic policy is literally knocking at the door. It is necessary to take into account the experience of economic reforms in other countries. Wanted authentically scientific approach and taking into account the conditions in which the country found itself.
Russia faces an urgent need to develop a macroeconomic mechanism that ensures the formation of not a wild, but a genuine market reproductive structure of the national economic complex, capable of providing: first, sufficient commodity coverage of the needs of the consumer market; second, at least simple reproduction of investment resources; thirdly, the preservation and, if possible, the development of a complex of industries of social production that have a world-class level of high technology.
Inextricably linked with these tasks is the reform of the Armed Forces, in particular, the procedure for financing defense programs. In the course of the implementation of the military reform, new principles of formation of the military budget, restructuring of its structure, redistribution of expenditure items with a significant increase in appropriations for the maintenance of the Armed Forces, social security for military personnel, research and development projects should be put into practice. It must be firmly remembered: any war costs more than the maintenance of a powerful army.
It is no secret that the recent military reform and the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to the theoretical developments of which, as you know, you were directly involved in the early 1990s, was primarily aimed at equipping the army and navy with the most modern weapons and military equipment. What weapons, in your opinion, will be in service with the armies and navies of advanced countries in the 21st century?
Apparently, the range of weapons will be very wide. This will include various means of defeating people and material assets- both nuclear and "conventional" (conventional), as well as a variety of electronic equipment for controlling these means or suppressing enemy control systems. At the same time, the reliability of the weapon, its dosed destructive power and the accuracy of hitting targets will increase sharply.
But today, if we want to create a reliable security system in the new century, we must talk about nuclear missile and anti-missile weapons not so much as military means, but as political means.
Looks like it's time to create global system military and political stability. This requires a "social contract" (to use Rousseau's terminology) that would solve the problem of minimizing nuclear deterrence. Both nuclear and non-nuclear countries should participate in it. This treaty could provide for the mutual obligations of the nuclear powers to deliver a nuclear missile strike against any state that decides to use nuclear weapon on any power of the "nuclear club".
And what will appear there, beyond the horizon?
Most likely, weapons of mass destruction and developing new types of weapons will take the first place. Historically, a weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is understood as a "weapon of great lethality, designed to inflict massive casualties and destruction." Traditionally, WMD includes chemical, bacteriological and nuclear weapons. However, created in recent times a number of fundamentally new types of weapons (including weapons based on new principles) do not apply to WMD. And, consequently, these weapons are not subject to existing international restrictive documents, although in terms of their destructive properties, especially in terms of consequences, certain types of such weapons can even surpass "traditional" WMD - chemical, biological, nuclear.
What is the probability of the emergence of new, including the so-called "exotic" weapons of mass destruction?
The trends in the development of "traditional" weapons of mass destruction, as well as the prospects for creating weapons based on new principles, make it possible to state that under weapons of mass destruction, subject to control and prohibition, it is advisable to understand all means of direct or indirect damaging effects on a person, on his means of subsistence or habitat, causing instantaneous (fast) or gradual (slow) mass death of people (military personnel and civilians), mass destruction of the products of their labor and existence, equipment, objects and environment leading to man-made disasters (explosions of dams, nuclear power plants, chemical facilities, etc.).
The current state of the main sources of life and an assessment of the prospects for their development show with a high degree of probability that in the near future a global crisis may develop, under which most peoples will be placed, if not in antagonistic, then in sharply competitive relations. If the existing military-strategic stability remains without significant changes, then the only way overcoming geopolitical problems is the development of fundamentally new so-called "exotic" weapons of mass destruction. The main feature of such "means" should be that their use should in no way provoke a thermonuclear war. Consequently, they should be used in conditions of an undeclared war, acting very covertly, more or less extended in time and without significant negative consequences for the aggressor himself. Priority directions search for new weapons of mass destruction recognized:
Development of biologically active means (chemical, electromagnetic, etc.) capable of hitting manpower - "chemical", "biological", "beam", "acoustic" and other weapons;
Search for means capable of selectively hitting only people of a certain nation (race) or gender - "ethnic" weapons, "sex" weapons;
Creation of means affecting the immediate environment of a particular nation - "ecological" weapons, including the creation of means leading to the impact of the destructive forces of inanimate nature - "geophysical" weapons.
There has been a lot of talk lately about information warfare and "information confrontation". What, in your opinion, will be their role and place among the weapons and methods of combat operations of the 21st century?
Information warfare is a complex of measures and operations carried out in peaceful and war time, in which information is both a weapon, a resource and a goal. Every person, military or civilian, participates in information warfare in one form or another. Each country should be able not only to carry out the indicated measures and operations, but also to counter similar actions of the enemy. The concept of "information war" provides:
Defeat elements of the infrastructure of state and military administration (command and control centers); electromagnetic influence on elements of information and telecommunication systems (electronic warfare);
Obtaining reconnaissance information by intercepting and decrypting information flows transmitted over communication channels, as well as by spurious emissions and due to specially introduced into the premises and technical means electronic devices for intercepting information (electronic intelligence);
Making unauthorized access to information resources(by using software and hardware to break through the protection systems of information and telecommunication systems of the enemy) with their subsequent distortion, destruction or theft or disruption of the normal functioning of these schemes ("hacker" war);
Formation and mass dissemination through information channels of the enemy or global networks of information impact of disinformation or biased information to influence the assessments, intentions and orientation of the population and decision makers (psychological warfare).
Why is information, it would seem, always an integral component of public life, suddenly began to play essential role in national security? This is facilitated by a number of objective factors:
Firstly, the destruction and disorganization of the country's information infrastructure in terms of the impact on its government and economic potential is commensurate with the consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction;
Secondly, given the first conclusion in terms of termination cold war and normalization of interstate relations in the traditional military area the center of gravity of the confrontation between developed states (and it objectively exists and will continue to exist) is shifting to the information sphere;
Third, the means used to negative impacts on information and telecommunication systems became available not only to state intelligence services, but also to individual criminal and terrorist groups, as a result of which the problem of ensuring information security has become international and commensurate in importance with global economic and environmental security.
A feature of the information war is that it can be actively carried out in peacetime, so the term "information confrontation" is also legitimate.
With the development of weapons and military equipment military reform is not exhausted, since the main thing in the army is the people who maintain and use this equipment. What trends do you see in this regard?
The army is essential social institution, a specifically organized part of society, intended for the conduct of armed struggle, or its prevention. The concept of "army" is due to the social and state development of the country. It is clear that the development of the army is connected with the objective processes of economic, political and psychological nature states and societies. But it is no less important to understand what particular features of the army in social and socio-psychological relations were formed on this basis.
Without knowledge social psychology when studying the problems of the functioning of the army, it is indispensable, if only because participation in hostilities in itself represents the greatest psychological stress for a person, because every minute it puts him before the possibility of losing his life. The most cardinal problem of human behavior in war is therefore the contradiction between the instinct of self-preservation and the need to carry out the actions required by the combat mission and dictated by the situation. The resolution of this contradiction is possible only through the realization to some extent not of the narrowly individual, but of the social significance of the behavior of one person in battle: this is the transition from individual to social, social psychology.
Actions in combat - specific form human activity. Being socially typified, human behavior in war does not at the same time lose the character of "individuality". Therefore, the socio-psychological analysis of the armed forces, which makes it possible to determine the main features and aspects of the activity and development of the army, should be supplemented by an analysis of those features, features and characteristics that arise from the specifics historical development people. Taken together, they constitute a kind of second "layer" of motivating motives for human activity - behavior in war. Great importance here they have such categories of social psychology as habits, traditions, customs, which are of a stable nature and give a certain shape and character to both the motives and the results of a soldier's participation in battle. If the study of socio-economic conditions is absolutely necessary for understanding the actions of large masses united in the army, for explaining war as a continuation of politics, then the study of socio-psychological factors completes this picture by explaining the motives and springs underlying the "military behavior" of each individual person as a participant in the actions of these armies.
And what is the role of the recruitment system in shaping the "face" of the army of this or that state?
On the one hand, this system itself took shape under the influence of the socio-economic conditions of society, and above all such a fundamental circumstance as the method of connecting the worker with the means of production. On the other hand, it was precisely the recruitment method, which ensured the transition of a certain part of the population from the system of social production to the system of the armed forces, that set a certain structure for those relations in which individuals form an army, become an armed part of the people.
It should be noted that such a well-organized planned work of mobilization bodies for recruiting the Armed Forces at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War tried to supplement the people's militia - a new form of participation of the Soviet people in the fight against the enemy. Its organizers were party committees and local authorities in major cities countries. In those days, over 4 million people applied to join it. Only in the active army then joined up to 39 divisions of the people's militia. The militias differed from other formations in their highest morale, discipline and organization. However, their degree of readiness to perform combat missions was, to put it mildly, not up to par.
So, the commander of the Reserve Front, General of the Army G.K. armies that they are unfit for combat for the following reasons: "The divisions are poorly armed and understaffed; their weapon consists not only of Russian, but also Polish, French and other samples; artillery pieces in parts of various systems, and ammunition for them - of completely different calibers; divisions are practically unable to move due to their lack of vehicles; they are not provided with means of communication, engineering and chemical property.
A significant drawback was the fact that the conscription of those liable for military service was not carried out by the district military commissariats, as a result of which the military registration authorities did not know who was drafted into the people's militia, who was returned for health reasons and for other reasons. All this contributed to the confusion in the registration of those liable for military service and in the implementation of additional orders for recruiting replenishment into the army. Highly qualified specialists of the national economy and many leading workers who did not serve in the army at all were enlisted in the people's militia as privates, which harmed the industry, which was being reorganized on a war footing.
Already in the first weeks of the war, it became clear to the headquarters of the Supreme High Command that such amateurish approaches of party and public organizations in matters of recruiting, arming and training militia divisions make them unable to withstand experienced, professional and well-equipped German troops. And therefore, by the directive of August 23, 1941, all militia divisions began to be transferred to the states of wartime rifle divisions, and from September 26 they all became personnel formations of the Red Army.
Since that time, the country's mobilization authorities have abandoned the further use of the people's militia units as reserves for manning the army in the field. And therefore, the share of divisions of the people's militia, even converted into regular rifle divisions, did not exceed 2.5% of total number divisions of the Armed Forces of the USSR participating in the Great Patriotic War.
In Russia, the most effective method is now the mixed method of manning the army - by conscription and by contract. The Great Patriotic War showed that our army, recruited on the basis of a general military service was highly professional. Under the new conditions, the contract method can also be effective.
Comrade General, now the largest maneuvers in the history of Russia are taking place in the east of the country, about 300,000 military personnel, more than 1,000 aircraft, helicopters, up to 36,000 tanks, armored personnel carriers, other vehicles, up to 80 ships and support vessels are taking part in them. Why do you think these exercises are being held right now and specifically in the east?
As a military man, I think: the choice of location is very logical. Because this is the region where we have the least concentration of troops.
And then - let's look back at history. We have already encountered situations when an armed conflict arose in this region, and we were forced to solve the problem of transferring troops.
What do you mean! The battles of the spring - autumn of 1939 at Khalkhin Gol in Mongolia, where the Red Army participated, or the border conflict between the USSR and China on Domansky Island in 1969?
I mean, among other things, the Russo-Japanese War. By the way, it is considered lost, although in fact we were just finishing the mobilization and transfer of troops at that time, and we were persuaded to conclude a peace treaty. And Japan by this moment already ran out of steam.
- It's 1904.
Yes, 1904 - 1905.
So, returning to today and to Vostok-2018, everything is very logical: the task has been set to quickly, accurately and smoothly transfer troops to this region. In Europe, we have a developed road network and so on, but here, even in this sense, it is such a difficult task. This is about choosing a place for maneuvers.
As for their scale ... It is very logical and remarkable that, in addition to tactical, operational-tactical exercises, we finally have the opportunity (it's still quite expensive) to conduct maneuvers of this magnitude. And thank God...
And these maneuvers (and they began on September 11 and will continue until September 17) involve not only formations of the army, navy, and aviation, but, in particular, the bodies and forces of military command and control. Exactly what you are talking about...
The military command and control bodies are headquarters at various levels.
And you know what got me interested in the first place? There, at the Tsugul training ground, there were two tents where 92 military attachés were concentrated.
Well, in the exercises - normal practice ...
And when the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Russia, Vladimir Putin, after the completion of the main stage of the maneuvers, spoke at the field review of the troops, he said that our foreign policy"is aimed at constructive cooperation with all countries that are interested in this, which is why 87 observers from 59 countries of the world are present at these exercises"...
What does it say about our openness? We, including those under international documents within the framework of Russia-NATO, even have certain obligations in this regard.
Vladimir Putin watches the Vostok-2018 exercises. Photo: REUTERS
- Before that, Putin said: "We are a peace-loving state" ...
And open to everyone. So they invited guests ... So that someone would not think: they didn’t invite him, probably, the attitude towards him is appropriate. For all! Although... Any army must learn to fight.
What else surprised me. They took about 170 foreign journalists from all the media, and they are transported from range to range within a few days.
And this is not surprising...
I have a feeling that there is a lot of attention on the maneuvers to the presence of military guests. They say that there were stealth missiles at some other test site. Wouldn't it turn out that we let them in on some of our secrets?
Of course not. Another thing is that they can see elements of our disorganization in these exercises, if any.
- There were no elements of disorganization there!
We don't just talk about it, but it always happens. Military attaches as specialists can notice this. Secrets, of course not.
There were soldiers from the People's Republic of China and Mongolia, they, together with our president, were sitting at this observation post. And Putin said: “I want to express special gratitude to the servicemen of China and Mongolia. Our military fraternity has long-standing strong traditions... During the Second World War, our countries were allies, resisted the aggressor together, and today they are solving a common task – together they ensure stability and security in the Eurasian space.” The fact that both Mongolia and China are united here, perhaps even for the first time in many years, didn't it seem unusual to you?
No, it didn't seem to. With Mongolia, I think there are no questions. Well, with China ... there are no questions now either. Yes, we had certain territorial problems in the late 60s, which resulted in armed conflicts. And there were no other problems. We liberated the territory of the PRC at the end of World War II, in cooperation, of course, with Chinese forces.
And here is such a figure ... From the People's Liberation Army of China, 3,500 military personnel, over 600 pieces of military equipment and 30 aircraft. Also for the first time there were so many military exercises from the Middle Kingdom, it seemed to me. What is it talking about or talking about?
The fact is that, if we take the balance of forces in the region, then, of course, on the side of China here, the numerical superiority is colossal. If their small units arrived at the maneuvers, it would be illogical and incomprehensible. And here - quite an adequate presence.
During the field parade, the President said, addressing the Russian military: “Our duty to the country, the Motherland is to be ready to defend the sovereignty, security and national interest our country, and if necessary, to support the allies. This is not just a phrase that sounded precisely at such exercises, in the presence of military leaders from the allied countries. How can we, civilians, decipher this?
No need to decrypt. So understand. If we jointly participate in maneuvers with them, then we can talk about allied relations to a certain extent. Why else would they be together?
Then, Pavel Semenovich, tell me what signal from these exercises, from Vostok-2018, sounds to the West, where periodically, as they said in the 60s, saber-rattling, and from where we increasingly hear aggressive statements?
I think that our military does not send any signals to the West, they perform their tasks during the exercises.
- That is, they didn’t rattle and don’t rattle with weapons on purpose?
Of course not. Yes, and the task is different - to show how one shoots, the other shoots ... How it flies, how it moves. Maneuvers of this kind, as I said at the beginning of our conversation, are, first of all, our studies ... Working out interaction. Well, then ... Let everyone who is interested in it look at our possibilities.
Well, could some political signals be heard from Vostok-2018 these days? .. I flew there, looked closely at our forces, at our power, at Defense Minister Shoigu, at Supreme Commander of the Russian Armed Forces Putin , and somehow I became calmer.
The military has somewhat different tasks than journalists. As for political signals and other things - this is not for me ...
- Thank you for your answers.
And "Komsomolskaya Pravda" - for questions.
Pavel Zolotarev, Leading Researcher of the USA and Canada, Major General - about the maneuvers "Vostok - 2018"
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(1905-04-25 )Zolotarev Vasily Ivanovich- Soviet military figure, major general.
Biography
Born April 25, 1905 in Nikolaevsk in a family of peasants. Father - Zolotarev Ivan Dmitrievich until 1914 was engaged in arable farming, died at the front of the First World War in May 1915, mother - Zolotareva Praskovya Stepanovna died of typhus in 1922.
In 1914 he graduated elementary school in Nikolaevsk. From 1917 he worked for hire in agriculture(shepherd). Since the autumn of 1919, an agent of the Committee of the Poor. In 1920, he joined the Komsomol and was sent to study at the Tsaritsy provincial party school, after graduation he worked as an instructor-organizer in the county committee of the RKSM in Nikolaevsk, from August 1921 - an electrician in the city department public education in Rostov-on-Don. At the same time during this period he studied at the technical school water transport.
Military service
On September 17, 1922, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent as a cadet to the 1st artillery command courses in Baku, then in December he was transferred to the 2nd Caucasian cavalry command courses in Tiflis. At the end of the latter, in September 1923, he was appointed to the 9th border cavalry squadron of the OGPU, where he served as a squad leader and assistant. chief of the outpost for the combat unit. From August 1925 he was the head of the frontier post and assistant assistant. commandant of the border commandant's office for combat and economic units in the 53rd Daurian cavalry OGPU border detachment. From September 1, 1928 to May 7, 1930 he studied in Moscow, after graduation he was in the reserve of the GPU and acted as an authorized traffic department of the OGPU of the South-Western railway. e. From October 1930 he served in the 24th Mogilev-Podolsk border detachment of the OGPU as the head of the outpost and senior instructor of combat training, from December 1934 he was a senior assistant. chief of staff of the 162nd regiment of the OGPU troops in Lugansk. On February 17, 1935, he was transferred as a commander and teacher of military disciplines to the 2nd border school of the NKVD in Kharkov. In the period from 1935 to 1939 he graduated from the evening faculty of the Frunze Military Academy. From December 1939 to April 14, 1940 he was on an operational mission on the North-Western Front. As chief of staff of the 1st and 6th border regiments, he participated in battles with the White Finns. Decree of the PVS of the USSR of April 26, 1940 awarded the order Red Banner. At the end of hostilities, he returned to his former position as a teacher of military disciplines of the Order of Lenin high school troops of the NKVD.
The Great Patriotic War
With the outbreak of war, Major Zolotarev, by order of the NKVD of June 26, 1941, was appointed head of the 1st department of the 21st motorized rifle division of the NKVD troops and fought with it on the Northern and Leningrad fronts. From August 26 of the same year, he served as chief of staff of the 311th Infantry Division, which, as part of the 48th Army, fought in the area of st. Chudovo Oktyabrskaya Railway etc., then on the rivers Olomna, Volkhov and in the area of N. Kirishi. In mid-September, the division was transferred to the 54th separate army (from September 25 - as part of the Leningrad Front) and participated in the Sinyavinskaya offensive operation. Since September 28, its units have been fighting in the 4th separate army. With this army, she participated in the Tikhvin defensive operation, slowly moved north along the river. Volkhov. On November 12, it again entered the 54th Army of the Leningrad Front. Having taken up defensive positions in the Voybokalo area, its units repelled enemy attempts to break through to the railway station. e. From January 1 to January 26, 1942, the division fought in the area of the village. Drachevo, in the rear of the Kirishi grouping of the enemy, keeping him in suspense and inflicting heavy losses on him. On February 10, its units went on the offensive in the area of st. Pogostya and participated in the Luban offensive operation. On April 26, 1942, Zolotarev was admitted to the command of the 311th Rifle Division. During the year, its units held the line of defense along the river. Volkhov near N. Kirishi. From December 11, he commanded the 44th Infantry Division of the 4th Army, parts of which took up defensive positions in front of the enemy's Kirishi bridgehead from the mouth of the river. Black to Kirishi's platform. From September 1943, he served as head of the combat training department of the Volkhov, and from February 1944 - of the Karelian fronts. On April 14, 1944, Colonel Zolotarev took command of the 176th Rifle Division, which, as part of the 32nd Army of the Karelian Front, occupied the defenses on the White Sea-Onega Isthmus for a long time. During the Svir-Petrozavodsk offensive operation of the troops of the left wing of the front, she, acting in the Masel direction, broke through the long-term and heavily fortified defenses of the Finns, overcame water barriers and advanced 250 km with battles. By the end of July 27, the division, together with the 289th rifle division reached the state border of the USSR with Finland at the Longonvara-Lutikkavara section. After the disbandment of the Karelian Front in November 1944, the division became part of the 36th rifle corps 31st Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front and participated in the East Prussian offensive operation. After the liquidation of the enemy grouping in the area south-west of Koenigsberg, it was withdrawn as part of the army to the reserve of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, then transferred with it to the 1st Ukrainian front and participated in the Berlin and Prague offensive operations
01/15/2008, Bigwigs of police smuggling
Who is to blame for the fact that corruption is rampant in the Far Eastern Federal District, and the economy is driven to a standstill?
It is well known that the shadow criminal business in the Far Eastern Federal District is based on the smuggling of aquatic biological resources, forests, as well as the import without customs clearance of Chinese consumer goods of dubious quality and vehicles from Japan. These very profitable "commercial projects" have long been eyed by police officials, whose official functions include the fight against abuses in these areas. All these areas are supervised by the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Far Eastern Federal District, Colonel-General of Militia Anatoly Pavlovich Zolotarev, who is directly responsible for the fight against criminals and the suppression of the criminal actions of corrupt officials.
At first glance, General Zolotarev has no shortage of experience. His operational youth was spent in the Khabarovsk Territory. For a long time he headed the divisions of the BHSS. Then, being in the position of deputy, and then head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory, he so skillfully built the work of the police economic unit that until now, newcomers are cited "as an example" of one of the main "merits" of Zolotarev: the general managed to eliminate the entire operational database of the Far Eastern regional department for combating organized crime. But this base contained a huge array of official information on the underworld.
It all started with the fact that, having headed the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Far Eastern Federal District, Zolotarev A.P. immediately made a sensational statement: we don't need this database! Then the local newspapers were full of headlines with quotes from the general's speeches: "Why do we need this dump?". In fact, the “garbage dump” represented the accumulated and systematized operational data on the criminal connections of local “authorities”, information of an economic nature: on emerging and liquidated firms, directions of cash flows, financial fraud etc. In general, the whole picture of the criminal world of the Far East accumulated over the years, compromising evidence on many, many dishonest officials, politicians and entrepreneurs of the district.
Such a seemingly hasty step by the police chief was quite understandable: the operational database contained data of a compromising nature in relation to Anatoly Zolotarev himself for the period of his work as head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory. The general was just covering his tracks. And not only his own: on his instructions, a whole array of documents on ties with criminals of representatives of the deputy corps, on corruption in the ranks of the regional prosecutor's office (from district to district), etc. was destroyed. Not only that, there is still no answer to the question of how and by whom this documentary police base was destroyed. But the curiosity is that all this array of information ended up in the hands of ... criminal communities of the Khabarovsk Territory. How could this happen? To find the answer to this question, let's compare the following very curious facts.
So, in 2005-2006. on the balance sheet of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Far Eastern Federal District was the car "Toyota Land Cruiser" ( white color, 1998 release, VIN JT111PJA508000923). Then he stopped appearing at the Glavka building, but continued to drive around the city with the same state numbers. At the same time, in the summer of 2006, at one of the friendly meetings of criminal authorities "watching" the districts of Khabarovsk, the leader of the Khabarovsk branch of the criminal group "Obshchak" Alexander Alexandrovich Voronin, nicknamed "Kid", told his colleagues that he had problems with movement around the region. resolved, because he is trusted by the police chief of the Far East Alexander Zolotarev himself, who almost personally issued a power of attorney to Voronin for the official Land Cruiser.
Colonel-General Zolotarev did not stop there. In mid-2007, he carried out a reform to distribute areas of responsibility across the edges and regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. In the operational services of the Glavka, reductions were made in existing employees, and their staff units were transferred to the territory and staffed with local officers “pleasant” to him. After that, the scope of activities of the operational units of the Main Directorate for the Far Eastern Federal District was limited only to the cities of Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory, and all activities on the territory began to be carried out by inter-district groups and departments with the “sanctions” of Zolotorev A.P. and under the supervision of the leadership of local ATC.
Having removed objectionable subordinates from work on the territory of the district, the head of the central office subjugated many heads of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and, in one way or another, forced them to ensure the safety of his highly profitable commercial projects.
Formally, he does not seem to interfere in the activities of the subjects of the region. However, in reality, it is General Zolotarev who is hindering the implementation of incoming information about abuses in the field of water resources, smuggling timber and Chinese goods in friendly regions. As a result, the general managed to establish close cooperation "with the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Primorsky Territory, Major General of Militia Vachaev Nikolai Antonovich. Since then, two generals for a couple have taken control of a significant amount of smuggling into the territory of Primorye. Thanks to the organizational skills of Zolotarev, a reliable and well-functioning mechanism was built that connected the smugglers with the security forces.
Under the cover of Zolotarev and Vachaev, with the assistance of the former head of the Federal Security Service for the Primorsky Territory, Alyoshin, smuggled goods from China are still imported through the port of Nakhodka and sold in the markets of the Far East. Initially, the channel was organized by Zolotarev and Aleshin through their businessmen. Later, Nikolai Vachaev and his relative Rostovtsev, the former head of the organized crime department of the Internal Affairs Directorate of Primorsky Krai, were connected to the streams.
Regarding the latter - separate story: after the removal of compromising circumstances from the leadership of the coastal OBOP, Rostovtsev, at the request of Vachaev, took Zolotarev to his headquarters for the position of deputy head of the ORB for organized crime (according to one of the versions - behind the scenes to control the actions of employees of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District, including telephone conversations) .
With the help of N.A. Vachaev, Zolotarev put under his control the smuggling of meat and meat products through the border regions of the Primorsky Territory, which is then supplied to Khabarovsk and other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.
So, on the territory of the city of Khabarovsk, through the entrepreneur Maksimenko T.V. a stable channel for the storage and marketing of meat products imported from China under the guise of "kangaroo meat from Australia" was organized. According to this scheme, about 300 tons of smuggled meat were imported and sold monthly. At the same time, control checks of the quality of imported meat showed that these products are dangerous for the life and health of citizens.
Under the tutelage of the head of the Far Eastern Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there was also the activity of a criminal group consisting of citizens of China and Russia, which organized a smuggling channel for the import of cheap Chinese goods from China to the Russian Federation, the quality of which does not meet either GOST standards or sanitary requirements.
The illegal circulation of precious metals in the Khabarovsk Territory also fell into the sphere of interests of General Zolotarev. Instead of suppressing the criminal channel, the general established partnerships with Dragmet LLC (located in Khabarovsk near Leningradskaya Street), through which the illegal circulation of precious metals is carried out. In fact, the police general became the "roof" of the illegal business, placing the case under the supervision of his entourage - the deputy head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory, police colonel Alexander Alexandrovich Pavlinov.
According to available information, A.A. Pavlinov is Zolotarev’s “purse” and is responsible for the implementation and security of his business in the Khabarovsk Territory. Moreover, for personal devotion and services to himself, Zolotarev A.P. repeatedly tried to appoint him to the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District to the position of his deputy (either for the investigation, then for the head of the operational-search bureau for the BOP, and then for the EiNP) for the speedy promotion of him to the rank of major general.
So far, A.A. Pavlinov’s candidacy for appointment to the general’s position has not been approved by higher authorities, despite active lobbying by A.P. Zolotarev. Apparently, memories of joint business trips and trips of Zolotarev and Pavlinov to North Caucasus. Many employees of the combat units of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory still recall the situation when Anatoly Zolotarev, at that time the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory, through Pavlinov ordered the fighters of the Khabarovsk OMON and SOBR (Far Eastern RUBOP) returning from a business trip to urgently release a military aircraft flying from Makhachkala to send a batch of tangerines on board.
Another of his trusted subordinates - the former head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Khabarovsk Territory Vyacheslav Arkadyevich Baranov - was appointed by General Zolotarev to oversee the Chechen oil business. At the direction of Zolotarev and with his direct assistance, Baranov, heading the Khabarovsk police, established stable ties with representatives of the Chechen diaspora in the Far East region. And after the resignation of Baranov, he was appointed representative for Far East"Oil company" Alliance ", completely controlled by immigrants from Chechnya. Thus, Vyacheslav Baranov became Zolotarev's official trusted intermediary in a dialogue with the Chechens: he transfers his due share in the Chechen oil business in the Far Eastern Federal District to him.
Moreover, the patronage of Zolotarev A.P. widely used by the leader of one of the most influential Sakhalin criminal groups, Gitinov Gitinomagomed Magomedalievich, nicknamed "Maga", who specializes in the illegal extraction and smuggling of currency-intensive marine biological resources, as well as the legalization of illegally obtained funds through the semi-legal hotel and gambling business. Moreover, “outlining” the sphere of his interests on the territory of the Sakhalin Region, the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District even managed to “kill” his FSB “roof” (according to G.M. Gitinov himself, before communicating with Zolotarev, he solved all smuggling issues with one of the leaders of the border department of the FSB in the Sakhalin region).
At the same time, in order to strengthen his Sakhalin positions, Zolotarev lobbied for the appointment of his protege, militia colonel Andreev S.Yu., to the post of head of the Internal Affairs Directorate for the Sakhalin Region, through whom he currently solves all his main smuggling issues on Sakhalin. The poaching cases of G. Gitinov's criminal gang can be counted among them with certainty, whose illegal activities were repeatedly suppressed by the employees of the regional border department of the FSB of Russia, but subsequently successfully "resolved" by A.P. Zolotarev through the investigation of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Sakhalin Region.
Colonel-General Zolotarev also did not have good neighborly relations with the coastal border guards due to the obvious opposition of service interests.
Thus, in February 2007, the Vladivostok Regional Border Directorate of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation took measures to suppress the illegal activities of the Kapitan Krems fishing vessel, which intended to deliver a large batch of valuable species of aquatic biological resources from Magadan, obtained in violation of Russian law. The operation was carried out in secret from the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District, as it was received operative information on the ownership of the vessel by persons controlled by Zolotarev and the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Primorsky Territory N.A. Vachaev.
However, having learned about the events, Vachaev immediately reported this to his patron and, on his instructions, instead of detaining the smugglers, sent a police squad to the port to detain ... the border guards who were carrying out the operation?! While the incident was settled, the smugglers managed to get rid of the traces of the crime and get out of the situation with the least losses.
Moreover, recently A.P. Zolotarev generally forbade his subordinates to take any measures in relation to the illegal circulation of aquatic biological resources, especially sturgeon fish, as well as to curb the poaching of salmon fish, which led to the current lack of the possibility of blocking channels for the supply of illegally harvested aquatic biological resources in western regions countries. Also, at the internal direction of Zolotarev A.P. how, supposedly, having no prospects, work was suspended to prevent illegal logging valuable species of wood and its further smuggling outside the Russian Federation.
The explanation for this is simple. The interests of the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Far Eastern Federal District are mainly focused on the smuggling of consumer goods from China into the territory of the Russian Federation. Moreover, questions on smuggled goods are resolved with Zolotarev through his assistant Ivan Alekseevich Grigoriev, who works in Glavka as a civilian employee. At the same time, which is not unimportant, Grigoriev I.A. he does not have access to the materials of operational-search activities, not to mention working with secret information, but in November 2007, Zolotarev appointed him instead of himself to act as head of the Main Directorate.
At the same time, cases of informal connections of A.P. Zolotarev are repeated. with representatives of the Chinese business community. It is not surprising that when the Consul General of the People's Republic of China in Khabarovsk was persistently interested in information about the results of the measures taken in relation to goods manufactured in the PRC and their further prospects, trying to find compromises in their solution, the head of the GU immediately instructed his subordinates to stop the ongoing activities.
It was established that the Chinese-made goods smuggled into the territory of the Russian Federation belonged to the most powerful group headed by Sergey Gavrikov, nicknamed "Gavrik", who maintains close relations with A.P. Zolotarev. It is reliably known that Gavrik paid an amount of about 2 million US dollars to resolve the issue of the inviolability of its contraband goods.
As a rule, when solving similar issues, funds are transferred through Grigoriev I.A. directly to the wife of A.P. Zolotarev.
In the autumn of 2006, after a series of detentions by law enforcement agencies of the Far Eastern region of Chinese smugglers without the sanction of Zolotarev, the latter carried out a personnel purge in Glavka, as a result of which employees working in the anti-smuggling line came under his pressure and were forced to quit or transfer to other units.
The reason for his indignation was the following - more than half of all smuggling in the Far East is directly supervised by his wife. She personally deals with the organization of illegal import and further sale of expensive fur products smuggled from China. The following facts can be cited to support this.
In July 2006, officers of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Jewish Autonomous Region in the area locality Nizhneleninsk, measures were taken to prevent the smuggling of cargo from the territory of the PRC by trucks. As a result, a truck belonging to CJSC "HATT" was detained. During his inspection, an expensive Chinese-made product was found without any accompanying documents - both for its purchase and for customs clearance.
Police officers under the leadership of the 1st Deputy Head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Jewish Autonomous Region Khaibulov I.S. it was decided to move the detained vehicles to the territory of the riot police. However, Khaibulov from the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Jewish Autonomous Region Oleinik V.I. (in the past he was the first deputy of Zolotarev A.P. in the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Far Eastern Federal District) a command was received to load the goods back and release the detainees, and destroy all documents on his detention. Moreover, Zolotarev personally gave instructions to Oleinik, since in the detained car there were mink coats that belonged to his wife.
Among other things, the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Far Eastern Federal District did not ignore the smuggling of “right-handed” Japanese-made cars to Russia through the customs posts of the Khabarovsk Territory - Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, some of which are subsequently legalized and sold under false documents.
In addition, Colonel-General Zolotarev in the Glavka itself created all the conditions that disorganize the work of the unit's personnel. So, according to the head of the Department staffing The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Lieutenant-General of Militia V.Ya. Moreover, as of 01.10.2007, the shortage of operational units amounted to about 46%. And nowadays professional employees keep leaving. The anti-corruption department no longer exists - it is not staffed with a single employee. In other divisions there are no heads and deputies. Zolotarev also survived his recalcitrant deputy, Gagaro N.M., whom he kept on business trips for months to push him to write a letter of resignation.
Such a situation of chaos and confusion, and at the same time obedience and permissiveness is very beneficial for Zolotarev - in this way it is easier to implement his ideas, which annually bring more than one million dollars stolen from the state from lost customs payments. At the same time, everything is done to demoralize the situation in the State Administration, promising employees survive, and women are mostly retained in leadership positions (Malysheva, Bondarenko, Kvashuk, etc.), for whom the head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District shows personal sympathy.
So, in 2006, the senior detective Malysheva Anna Sergeevna, with whom Zolotarev maintains an intimate relationship (before joining the Glavk, she worked as an investigator for the Department of Internal Affairs of the Central District of the city of Khabarovsk), under his patronage, grew up on his "love yeast" to the acting deputy head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Far Eastern Federal District has been in this position for over a year now. Malysheva's career after meeting Zolotarev went uphill sharply. And by no means because of her professional qualities. They were replaced by long legs, young age and good looks.
And the last thing: even the rehabilitation center of the State University is used by General Zolotarev for personal purposes as a dacha. Moreover, the duties of cleaners, gardeners, janitors and cooks are performed by regular employees of the police department. This is the service...
One gets the impression that the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by its Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev, either does not see the full picture and does not have information about what is happening in the Far East, or it is simply beneficial.
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All memorable places
Samara region, Alekseevsky district, Letnikovo village
Memorial plaque to Major General of Artillery Pyotr Ivanovich Zolotarev
Samara region, Alekseevsky district, with. Letnikovo. Memorial plaque in honor of Pyotr Ivanovich Zolotarev, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Major General of Artillery.
3,557 of our countrymen were mobilized during the Great Patriotic War, more than 2,000 thousand people did not return from battles. The glorious years of the war are moving further and further into the past. One generation is replaced by another. We were born and raised in peacetime. We have never heard the sirens, we have not seen houses destroyed by bombs, we do not know what a meager military ration is ... We can only judge about trenches and trenches, about attacks under a barrage of enemy fire, only from movies, works of art Yes, according to the stories of front-line soldiers. For us, war is history. Why do we remember it again and again? Because we are worried about the future. We must remember the past so that fascism does not happen again. This is our duty to those who were in that terrible war and did not live to see the Victory.
Our fellow countryman, participant of the Great Patriotic War Pyotr Ivanovich Zolotarev. Born July 18, 1910 in the village of Letnikovo, Samara province, in the family of a poor peasant. He began his career at the age of 12. In 1927 he joined the Komsomol, was the secretary of the rural Komsomol cell.
In 1929, on a ticket to the Komsomol
In 1941 he graduated from the Military Academy.
In 1959, Petr Ivanovich Zolotarev was awarded military rank"General - Major of Artillery". January 18 after a severe and prolonged illness
Club "I am a Reader"
The club is a form of mass library work with children from. Letnikovo
The library team manages the club:
school students
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