Holiday day of rocket troops and artillery. What date is the day of rocket troops and artillery celebrated
Every year in Russia on November 19 a memorable day is celebrated - the Day of the Missile Forces and Artillery. For the first time, the holiday, then still Artillery Day, was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 21, 1944. The date of the holiday was due to the fact that it was on November 19, 1942, after the most powerful artillery preparation, that the Red Army troops launched Operation Uranus - the code name for the Soviet counteroffensive during Battle of Stalingrad. This operation ended with the encirclement of the army of Paulus and marked a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War. Since 1964, the holiday began to be celebrated as the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery.
Patriotic artillery originates in late XIV century, when in 1382, during the siege of Moscow by the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh, the defenders of the city first used forged cannons. It is believed that it was then that the debut of the firearm took place, presumably taken to Moscow from Bulgar during the campaign of 1376. Among other things, the defenders used "mattresses", special weapons that fired "shot" - pieces of iron, small stones, rubble. Since then, artillery (and in the 20th century also rocket troops) has become an integral part of the army of our country.
In an independent branch of the military, which was able to provide support for the actions of infantry and cavalry in battle, artillery stood out already in the 16th century and until the end of the 17th century was served by squeakers and gunners. AT early XVIII century there was a division of artillery into field (including regimental), fortress and siege artillery. Also, at the end of the century, horse artillery was finally formed, and at the beginning of the 19th century, artillery regiments and brigades began to form in Russia.
Flag of the Missile Forces and Artillery of the Russian Federation
To early XIX century, Russian artillery was at a fairly high technical level and was in no way inferior to the French, having shown itself perfectly in the Patriotic War of 1812. At the beginning of the war, artillery Russian Empire was organized into brigades. In total there were 27 army and one guards artillery brigade. Each of the brigades consisted of 6 companies (at that time the main tactical unit): two battery, two light, one horse and one "pioneer" (engineering). Each company had 12 guns. Thus, one brigade was armed with 60 guns. In total, in 1812, the Russian army was armed with 1,600 different guns. After the era of the Napoleonic Wars, around the 1840s, mountain artillery was added to the composition of the artillery of the armed forces of the Russian Empire.
Artillery said its weighty word in Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905, when the Russian gunners first used shooting at the enemy from closed positions, at the same time the first mortars appeared on the battlefield. By the beginning of the First World War (1914-1918), Russian artillery imperial army It was subdivided into field (light, equestrian and mountain), field heavy and heavy (siege). By the time the war began, the army had 6848 light and 240 heavy guns. This time the situation with artillery was much worse than during the invasion of the country by Napoleon's troops. Artillery by 1914 was in the process of formation, especially for units armed with heavy guns. At the same time, throughout the war, Russian artillery experienced shell hunger, and it was not possible to fully resolve it, even taking into account the growth in production and the increase in allied supplies. At the same time, it was during the First World War that new models of artillery weapons appeared: anti-aircraft artillery, self-propelled, and somewhat later, anti-tank guns.
By the beginning of World War II (1939-1945), the influence and role of artillery on the battlefield increased even more, while rocket artillery became widespread, for example, the famous Katyusha rocket launchers became one of the symbols of war and a real weapon of victory. Anti-tank and self-propelled artillery also became widespread. Figuratively named back in 1940 as the “god of war,” artillery fully justified its purpose in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. Emphasizing the ever-increasing importance of artillery, it can be noted that the Red Army entered the war on June 22, 1941, armed with more than 117 thousand artillery pieces and mortars, of which 59.7 thousand barrels were deployed in the western military districts of the country. In almost all battles and operations of the Great Patriotic War, artillery made a decisive contribution to achieving a common victory over the enemy, being the main fire means of destroying enemy manpower and equipment. In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, more than 1,800 Soviet artillerymen were awarded the honorary title of Hero for heroism and courage shown in the battles for the Motherland. Soviet Union, more than 1.6 million gunners were awarded various government orders and medals.
The appearance of the holiday itself - Artillery Day - was largely due to the valor of artillerymen during the war years and the recognition of their merits. On November 19, 1942, it was the artillery units, with their massive and powerful fire strike, that marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War. The barrage of fire passed through the advanced positions of the enemy's defense, violating the enemy's defense, supply and communications system. The ensuing offensive of the troops of the Southwestern (Lieutenant General N. F. Vatutin), Don (Lieutenant General K. K. Rokossovsky) and Stalingrad (Colonel General A. I. Eremenko) fronts already by November 23, 1942 led to the encirclement near Stalingrad of the 6th German field army of Paulus and others German units, as well as parts of the allies of Nazi Germany. In total, about 330 thousand enemy soldiers and officers turned out to be in the boiler.
After the end of the Second World War, artillery continued its development, new, more advanced and powerful types of weapons appeared, including atomic munitions. The Rocket Forces were gaining more and more importance, and already in 1961, the Rocket Forces and Artillery were formed as a branch of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. In 1964, the holiday was officially renamed the Day of Rocket Forces and Artillery. Since 1988, it began to be celebrated every third Sunday of November, but since 2006 they have returned to the original date - November 19th.
At present, the missile troops and artillery of the RF Armed Forces include the missile troops and artillery of the Ground Forces, the artillery of the coastal troops of the Navy and the artillery of the Airborne Forces, organizationally consisting of artillery, missile, rocket brigades, regiments and divisions of high power, separate reconnaissance artillery battalions, and also artillery of tank, motorized rifle, airborne formations and formations of troops marines. Today, artillery and missile formations and military units regularly conduct tactical exercises with live firing and live missile launches, individual firing with sergeants and officers. Only following the results of 2017, as part of the combat training of troops in Russian army more than 36,000 fire missions were completed from closed and open firing positions, about 240,000 artillery ammunition of various calibers was used up.
The process of equipping the troops with new and modernized types of weapons continues. Thus, the upgraded 152-mm Msta-SM self-propelled guns, as well as the Tornado-G multiple launch rocket systems, which are fully integrated into the ESU TZ RV&A subsystem and have the function of automatically targeting a combat vehicle, are entering service with the Russian army. In anti-tank units ground forces new all-weather Khrizantema-S missile systems are arriving, which have excellent capabilities for hitting various types of armored vehicles. The process of re-equipping the missile formations of the Ground Forces from the Tochka-U missile system to the new Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system continues. To date, more than 80 percent of the missile formations of the Russian army already have modern Iskander systems in their arsenal.
Rocket launch by the Iskander complex
Today for improvement vocational training Russian officers rocket troops and artillery are used various methods and forms of education. One of the most effective norms is competitions for commanders of artillery batteries, training in combat work on equipment as part of officer crews, competitions for the best solution of tasks in shooting and fire control, individual tasks and other types of training and training. Today, the Mikhailovskaya Military Artillery Academy, located in St. Petersburg, is training officers for the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Ground Forces. Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy is the highest educational institution with a rich history and highly qualified teaching staff, with a modern material and educational base.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, since 2012, in military units and formations of missile forces and artillery, there has been an increase in the number of contract servicemen in the positions of soldiers, sergeants and warrant officers. According to data for 2016, the staffing of military personnel under the contract of military command and control bodies, formations and military units rocket troops and artillery was more than 70 percent, and the positions of sergeants and foremen - 100 percent.
November 19 "Military Review" congratulates all active military personnel, as well as veterans related to the Rocket Forces and Artillery of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on their professional holiday.
Based on materials from open sources
This branch of the army was dubbed the “God of War” by Russian soldiers for good reason. It was artillery, like a celestial, that repeatedly decided the fate of the largest and fiercest battles in national history. Russian gunners have always shown mass heroism, often preferring to die near their guns, rather than retreat before the enemy. Artillery has always been famous for its technical excellence and the skill of the gunners themselves.
Over time, the power of artillery only increased, and after the advent of rocket weapons, the truly divine power, which the religions of many peoples attributed to their idols, became available to ordinary mortal people. Congratulating on the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery all the soldiers serving now or serving in the past, we thank them for the fact that they always stand guard over our peaceful life and freedom.
Story
The Stalingrad victory, to which it was the artillery that made the main contribution, became the basis for the creation of this holiday. And it was then, in 1942, on November 19, the general offensive of the Soviet troops began. Artillerymen of the USSR began spontaneously celebrating this date during the Great Patriotic War itself. However, the official professional artillery holiday was established only in 1988, according to the Decree of the USSR PVS.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the traditions of Russian artillery, including festive ones, were not lost. The prestige of the Armed Forces in general and artillery in particular was constantly taken care of. And already in 2006, the Decree of the President of Russia No. 549 was issued, establishing the official status of the "Artilleryman's Day". It operates to this day. It should not be confused with the "Day of the Strategic Missile Forces", which is celebrated on December 17th.
Traditions
Artillery Day traditions are rich and varied. It is celebrated not only by military personnel, former and present, but also by members of their families. On this day, many guests visit artillery units and formations to:
- attend ceremonial constructions;
- look at demonstration shooting;
- get acquainted with the samples of gun systems in service with the troops.
On the same day, regular ranks are traditionally assigned to servicemen, state and commemorative awards are presented, congratulations and thanks are announced. And at home, everyone involved in the holiday is waiting for a laid table and congratulations from family members and friends.
Every year on December 17, Russia celebrates the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces. Official holiday on the calendar new Russia appeared in 2006 on the basis of Decree of the President of Russia No. 549 “On the establishment professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces Russian Federation". December 17 was chosen as the date for celebrating the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces due to the fact that it was on this day in 1959 that the Strategic Missile Forces were formed as part of armed forces Soviet Union.
The first missile units at one time were formed on the basis of formations Soviet army who had a wealth of front-line experience behind their backs. According to the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General Sergei Karakaev, about seventy different missile formations inherited both battle banners and high state awards and honorary titles that were awarded to units and formations for the heroism of soldiers shown during the Great Patriotic War. 39 missile divisions, on the basis of continuity, at one time received the names of guards.
At the time of the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR, the number of personnel of the troops was at the level of 14.5 thousand people.
Today, the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) is a separate branch of the RF Armed Forces, which is a land component of the strategic nuclear forces of the Russian Federation. According to a recent statement by Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, about 95% of the nuclear deterrence potentials are in constant combat readiness, which makes it possible to ensure the security of the Russian Federation from external military aggression.
The strategic missile forces consist of three missile armies and several formations.
This is about Vladimir missile association (army), which is armed with Topol-M missile systems (stationary and mobile-based) with the RS-12M2 missile, as well as Yarsy with the RS-24 missile and missile systems with the RS-18 missile.
Orenburg rocket army. Orenburg rocket men are on combat duty on Topol missile systems with intercontinental ballistic missiles RS-12M and "Voevoda" with RS-20V ICBMs.
Omsk missile association (guards missile Berislav-Khinganskaya twice Red Banner, Order of the Suvorov Army). Equipping the association with missile weapons is similar to equipping the Orenburg Missile Army: the Topol complexes with the RS-12M ICBMs and the Voevoda complexes with the RS-20V ICBMs.
In addition to the armies, the Strategic Missile Forces have 12 missile formations:
Bologoevskoe (Guards Red Banner Rezhitsa Missile Division);
Barnaul (rocket red banner orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky division);
Irkutsk (Guards Rocket Vitebsk Order of Lenin Red Banner Division);
Yoshkar-Olinskoe (Kyiv-Zhytomyr Order of Kutuzov III degree missile division);
Kozelskoye (Guards Red Banner Division);
Novosibirsk (Guards Glukhovskaya Order of Lenin, Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and B. Khmelnitsky Missile Division);
Tatishchevskoe (Taman Rocket Order October revolution Red Banner Division);
Tagil (Tagil missile division);
Teikovskoye (Guards Missile Division of the Order of Kutuzov);
Uzhurskoye (Red Banner Missile Division);
Yuryanskoye (Melitopol Red Banner Missile Division);
Yasnenskoe (Rocket Red Banner Division).
If we talk about the evolution of weapons of missile divisions, then the Teykov formation can be considered as an example. From 1962 to 1977, Teik missilemen were armed with R-16U missiles (NATO classification - SS-7 Saddler) with more than impressive power (from 3 Mt). From 1968 to 1975 - UR-100 (NATO classification - SS-11 mod.1 Sego) with a capacity of up to 1.1 Mt, from 1971 to 1991, UR-100K missiles were contained in the compound, in 1988, RT-2PM missiles with a charge capacity began to arrive in Teikovo up to 0.55 Mt. Such a rocket ceased operation in 2009. Since 2006, the division began putting RT2PM2 missiles on combat duty, and since 2010, solid-propellant RS-24 (Yars) missiles with an officially declared charge capacity of up to 0.3 Mt and a maximum range of 11,000 km.
The command and personnel of the Strategic Missile Forces have at their disposal the State Central Interspecific Range in the Astrakhan Region. This is the Kapustin Yar training ground, which will celebrate its 70th anniversary in 2016. It was formed on May 13, 1946 - in 13 extra years before the formation of the Strategic Missile Forces themselves. Kapustin Yar is deservedly called a unique training ground. The fact is that it was on it that a special measuring complex was created, which makes it possible to test advanced combat equipment in the entire spectrum of probable conditions for its delivery to the target.
The training of future missilemen for the Strategic Missile Forces is carried out at the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. Peter the Great. For reference to those readers who may be going to connect their future with service in the Strategic Missile Forces - information on the requirements for candidates for admission to the military academy.
As candidates for admission to the academy and branch (the city of Serpukhov) for training by cadets under the programs higher education citizens of the Russian Federation who have state documents on the average (complete) general, average vocational education or a state document on primary vocational education, if it contains a record of obtaining a secondary (complete) general education, from the number:
citizens aged 16 to 22 who have not passed military service;
citizens who have completed military service and conscripted military personnel - until they reach the age of 24;
servicemen undergoing military service under a contract (except for officers) entering universities for training in programs with full military special training - until they reach the age of 27, and entering universities for training in programs with secondary military special training - until they reach the age of 30 (the age is determined as of August 1 of the year of admission to the university).
Can not be considered as candidates for admission to the academy and branch of the citizens specified in the 4th and 5th paragraphs of paragraph 5 of Article 34 of the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ "On military service and military service, as well as those that do not meet the requirements specified in the 4th paragraph of paragraph 1 of Art. 35 of the said Law:
in respect of which a decision was made by the commission of the military commissariat or the attestation commission of the military unit on the non-compliance of the candidate with the requirements for those entering the military service under the contract;
against whom a guilty verdict has been passed and who have been sentenced;
in respect of which an inquiry or preliminary investigation is underway or a criminal case in respect of which has been submitted to the court;
having an unexpunged or unexpunged conviction for committing a crime;
served a sentence of imprisonment;
deprived of a certain period a valid court decision of the right to hold military posts.
The Academy named after Peter the Great trains officer cadres of command and engineering profiles.
Strategic Missile Forces have not only their own unique traditions, but also their own symbols. So, there are three types of emblems of the Strategic Missile Forces. The first is a small emblem- a round golden shield with an ornament and 8 rivets on a golden sword and golden crossed arrows.
Medium Emblem- a golden double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a silver sword and two arrows. On the chest of the eagle is a red elongated shield depicting a rider slaying a dragon with a spear - a symbol of evil. The shield holds the crown.
Large emblem- development of a graphic image of a small emblem on a blue heraldic shield with a wreath of golden poplar leaves (the use of the leaves of this particular tree in this case is associated with the presence of one of the most effective missile systems). In the upper part - the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The Strategic Missile Forces are at the stage of active re-equipment and are ready to fulfill any tasks assigned to them to protect the borders of the Fatherland.
"Military Review" congratulates the military personnel and veterans of the Strategic Missile Forces on their professional holiday!
November 19 is celebrated annually on the basis of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" as a memorable day established in recognition of the merits of military specialists in solving the problems of ensuring the defense and security of the state and called contribute to the revival and development of domestic military traditions, to enhance the prestige of military service.
It was artillery at the beginning of the operation that inflicted heavy losses on the enemy with a powerful fire strike and disrupted its entire defense system, which allowed Soviet troops, avoiding significant losses, launch a counteroffensive, which ended with the encirclement and defeat of the enemy near Stalingrad.
In the post-war period, artillery continued to develop - new, more modern and powerful weapons were developed.
In 1961, on the basis of artillery and the missile formations available at that time in the Ground Forces,
Rocket troops and artillery, as a branch of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
Therefore, in 1964, the Artillery Day holiday was on the Day of the Rocket Forces and Artillery. Since 1988, it has been celebrated on the third Sunday of November, and since 2006, again on November 19.
Today, the Rocket Forces and Artillery is a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy in the course of combined arms operations (combat actions). They are designed to gain and maintain fire superiority over the enemy; destruction of its means of nuclear attack, manpower, weapons, military and special equipment; disorganization of command and control systems for troops and weapons, reconnaissance and electronic warfare; destruction of long-term defensive structures and other infrastructure facilities; violations of the operation of the operational and military rear; weakening and isolating the enemy's second echelons and reserves; destruction of tanks and other armored vehicles of the enemy that have broken through into the depths of the defense; covering open flanks and joints; participation in the destruction of enemy air and sea landings; remote mining of terrain and objects; lighting support for night operations of troops; smoke, blinding enemy objects; distribution of campaign materials and other tasks.
Organizationally, the Rocket Forces and Artillery consist of rocket, rocket, artillery brigades, including mixed artillery battalions of high power, rocket artillery regiments, separate reconnaissance battalions, as well as artillery of combined arms brigades and military bases.
Thanks to intensive re-equipment with the latest and advanced types of weapons, an increase in the intensity of combat training and an integrated approach to personnel training, the Rocket Forces and Artillery continue to increase combat capabilities and determine the development vector of the Ground Forces in the future.
(Additional
This memorable day allows you to honor the soldiers, sergeants and officers of the "god of war" - artillery. Realities have made adjustments, and we are celebrating the day of rocket troops and artillery. But the "god of war" remains so.
The holiday was born in the difficult period of the Great Patriotic War. Powerful artillery preparation broke the resistance of the Germans near Stalingrad and allowed our troops to completely destroy the enemy. This happened November 19 1942, and already in 1944, Artillery Day was officially celebrated on this day.
Artillerymen serve in one of the oldest military branches. For the first time, artillery was used by Russian troops in the defense of Moscow from the Tatars in 1382. For a long time in our country, guns were used mainly to protect cities.
Ivan the Terrible began to use artillery as an offensive weapon in all campaigns. Under him, artillery made a breakthrough in its development. Peter I, the great reformer not only of the country, but also of the army, creates the first bombardment company. It was not an independent unit, but was part of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. During this period, the banner of artillery was approved.
The use of artillery at the right moment changed the course of battles and battles more than once. During the Great Patriotic War, artillery was called the "god of war". Just before the start of the war, the serial production of the famous Katyushas began. In the summer of 1941, our "girls" showed the Germans the character of the Russian "god of war". The effectiveness of the Katyushas was amazing, at that time there was not only no protection against rocket launchers, but the enemy could not respond with anything like that.
In the post-war period, rocket technologies are developing and, as a result, units are being formed that were armed with rocket weapons. During this period, a change appeared in the name of the holiday - the Day of Missile Forces and Artillery. Until recently, the holiday was celebrated on the third Sunday of November. Now again the old historical date - November 19.
As a branch of the ground forces, rocket troops and artillery not only have separate units and formations, but also units that are part of other branches of the military. The armament of the units consists of tactical and operational-tactical missiles, large-caliber artillery.
The composition of the actual artillery includes many units that differ in the weapons used: anti-tank, howitzer, mortar, artillery reconnaissance and others.
Artillery is called the "god of war" for a reason. Not a single major operation takes place without the use of rocket troops and artillery. The destruction of nuclear arsenals, concentrations of troops, air defense, command posts, this is not a complete list of the tasks facing this type of troops.
Units that are part of other branches of the military also solve smaller tasks: covering the crossing, clearing the bridgehead, supporting the landing, and many others.
The gods of war are on guard every day, guarding our peace from any encroachment and threats.