Program for students of a special medical group. Work program special medical group work program on the topic
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Special Medical Group.
It includes studentshaving such deviations in the state of health, which arecontraindication to increased physical activity.
Schoolchildren classified as SMG for health reasons are exempted from physical exercises according to the program high school, from participation in competitions, the implementation of training standards.
Program material is selected not by biological age, but solely on the basis of the level of physicalhealth, and recommendations specified in the PMPK route sheet.
At school, along with diseases such as diseases of the digestive system, impaired posture, myopia, etc., children with cerebral palsy and bronchial asthma study, who are engaged in a special medical group and require special attention when compiling educational material and dosing physical activity. For them, methodological recommendations for mastering the physical culture and health program were additionally drawn up.
The work program for students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons has been prepared taking into account the Mandatory minimum content of education in the field of physical education and the Minimum requirements for the quality of training of school students in physical education.
The work program is based on the curriculum:
Physical culture grades 1 - 11: Programs for students of a special medical group of educational institutions / Ed. - comp. A. P. Matveev, T. V. Petrova, L. V. Kaverkina. – M.: Bustard, 2004.
This program designed for 35 hours in 5th grade.
In accordance with the Concept of the structure and content of education in the field of physical culture, the subject of schooling is motor activity with a general developmental focus. In the process of mastering this activity, schoolchildren improve not only their physical nature, but also the mental sphere actively develops, consciousness and thinking, creativity and independence are formed.
Work program on physical culture for school students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons solves the following tasks:
strengthening health, promoting proper physical development and hardening of the body;
increasing the functional level of organs and systems weakened by the disease;
increase in physical and mental performance;
formation of correct posture and its correction;
rational breathing training;
mastering the basic motor skills necessary to overcome the stiffness of movements in certain diseases;
education of moral and volitional qualities.
improving applied vital skills and abilities in walking, running, jumping, climbing, throwing and swimming, enriching motor experience with physical exercises from gymnastics, athletics, skiing and outdoor games;
increase in physical fitness and development of basic physical qualities: strength, speed, endurance, coordination and flexibility;
training in complexes of physical exercises with a health-improving and corrective orientation, the simplest ways to control physical activity and the functional state of the body during physical education classes;
formation general ideas about physical culture, its importance in human life, health promotion, physical development and physical fitness, development of interest in independent physical exercises, including morning exercises, physical exercises and outdoor games;
creation of conditions for the involvement of students with various deviations in the state of health to participate in the physical culture, health and sports life of the school.
The main principles of the program implementation:
focus on enhancing the health-improving effect of the pedagogical process, achieved by including in the content of the program materials on a variety of health-improving systems and sets of exercises used in the school day, as well as in active recreation and leisure;
variability, guiding the teacher to selectively include educational material in the content of the lessons, taking into account the nature and specifics of the disease of schoolchildren, the characteristics of their individual physical development and preparedness, as well as the material and technical equipment of the educational process (gym, school sports grounds, stadium.);
didactic rules “from simple to complex”, “from mastered to unmastered” and “from known to unknown”, which set the parameters for selecting and planning program material, mastering it by students in unity with the formation of the foundations of independent activity;
achievement intersubject communications, providing the education of a holistic worldview of students in the field of physical culture, a comprehensive disclosure of the relationship and interdependence of the studied phenomena and processes.
Structure and content
The work program includes four sections:
1. "Fundamentals of knowledge about physical culture" - includes knowledge about nature (medical and biological foundations of activity), knowledge about a person (psychological and pedagogical foundations of activity); the technique of performing certain motor actions, the importance of physical exercises on the functional capabilities of the body, refereeing issues.
2. "Methods of activity" in its educational content correlates with ideas about the objectivity of motor activity and is reflected in the corresponding methods of its organization: planning and regulation of activity.
3. "Physical improvement" is focused on strengthening the health of schoolchildren, their harmonious physical development and comprehensive motor and physical fitness. This section includes: complexes of health-improving and corrective gymnastics; the study of motor actions during the passage of individual sections of the curriculum (gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics, athletics, cross-country skiing, outdoor and sports games); exercises for the development of basic physical qualities, the development of sets of exercises in therapeutic physical culture, aimed at a specific disease; study of complexes of morning exercises.
4. "Requirements for the quality of mastering the program material" includes checking the preparedness of students in the main positions of the program.Complexes of exercises from exercise therapy are developed in accordance with the recommendations of the doctor and the route sheet, taking into account the individual state of health and the nature of the course of the disease.
Requirements for the quality of mastering the program material
As a result of mastering the program material on physical culture, students of special medical groups shouldhave ideas:
about safety precautions when performing exercises;
on the connection of physical exercises with the promotion of health and increasing the physical fitness of a person;
about ways to change the direction and speed of movement;
about daily routine and personal hygiene;
about the rules for compiling complexes of morning exercises;
on the rules of conduct in physical education classes;
on the rules for preparing places for independent physical culture and health-improving classes;
about the technique of performing physical exercises;
about the significance of the exercise for the development of motor qualities;
on the rules of refereeing sports and outdoor games;
about the rules of self-control over the state of the body during physical activity.
Be able to:
perform complexes of morning exercises and physical exercises;
perform sets of exercises (with and without objects) that have a direct effect on the formation of correct posture;
perform sets of exercises for the local development of individual muscle groups;
perform exercises to prevent flat feet;
perform sets of breathing exercises;
perform a set of exercises for the prevention of visual impairment;
independently conduct outdoor games;
know movement in walking, running, jumping in different ways;
know the drills.
Curriculum for middle and senior level.
mobile games andsport games
Game rules, refereeing
Gymnastics
Execution technique
ski training
Execution technique
Development of motor abilities
During the lessons
Exercise therapy using health-saving techniques.
Total
Educational and thematic lesson plan with children classified according to
state of health to a special medical group.
p.p.
Content
Number of hours on the topic
Athletics. Varieties of walking. Walking on markings.
High start technique. Execution of commands: "To start", "Attention", "March".
Standing long jump.. Throwing a ball at a target from 3 - 4 meters from 4 - 6 meters (crouching, standing, sitting).Execution technique.
Mobile and sports games Throwing the ball into the ring.
Medicine ball exercises. Passing the ball in pairs.
Outdoor games.
Exercises with balls (rolling, passing, throwing, dribbling).
Exercises with balls (dribbling, passing in pairs, rolls, wall throws).
exercise therapy.
Corrective gymnastics for posture. Exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles using.
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet. Pilates.
Corrective gymnastics to strengthen the muscles of the back and abdominals. Exercises for the development of fine motor skills.
A set of breathing exercises.
Strengthening the muscles of the upper and lower extremities using massage elements.
Exercises with carpal expander.
Stretching.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Strengthening the muscles of the back and abdominals with the use of.
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet.
Psychogymnastics.
Sujok therapy. Massage.
Gymnastics. Safety in the classroom, theoretical information.
Exercises with gymnastic sticks.
Exercises with stuffed balls, weight 200-500g Games
ski training Turns: stepping on the spot on a gentle slope due to the movements of the torso.
Walking skiing.
Alternate two-step skiing
Outdoor games. Exercises with volleyballs.
Exercise with basketballs.
Volleyball and basketball throws.
exercise therapy.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Su Jok self-massage therapy.
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet.
Pilates.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Exercises for the development of fine motor skills.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Children's yoga.
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet.
Stretching.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Psychogymnastics.
Corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet.
Su Jok self-massage therapy.
Corrective gymnastics for posture.
Breathing exercises according to the method of A. N. Strelnikova.
Organization of the educational process
Classes in a special medical group are built on the basis of generally accepted principles: comprehensiveness, consciousness, gradualness, repetition. An individual approach to those involved and a systematic impact are important. SMG students, as a rule, are inactive, shy, uncoordinated, easily vulnerable, afraid of ridicule.The lesson consists of four parts and lasts 45 minutes.
Introduction (2-3 minutes). Breathing exercises, monitoring the heart rate.
Preparatory part (10-15 minutes). The task of the preparatory part of the lesson is to prepare the body for the main task. When performing general developmental exercises, special attention should be paid to the depth and uniformity of breathing. In this part of the lesson, you should not give a lot of new exercises and intense loads. In order to maintain sufficient muscle load and prevent student fatigue, the principle of "dispersion" of the load should be used. Special breathing exercises allow you to reduce the degree of functional stress of the body.
Main part (15-20 minutes). Provides for the study of new, repetition and consolidation of the material covered. The main task is being solved: the education of basic physical qualities, the development and improvement of motor skills and abilities. It is very important to avoid fatigue during the repetition of "monotonous" movements. To do this, it is necessary to "disperse" the load on different muscle groups. New exercises are recommended. Exercises that require precision in execution are easier to master at the beginning of the lesson. Stretching exercises should alternate with breathing and relaxation exercises. Games that increase the emotional load are best done at the end of the main part of the lesson.
Final part (10-15 minutes). Includes breathing and relaxation exercises. The main task is to bring the body of students into a relatively calm state, relieve nervous excitement, restore breathing and heart rate.
In the final part of the lesson, it is recommended to include exercises for those muscle groups that were not involved in the lesson, as well as exercises for attention and the formation of correct posture. It is necessary to sum up the results of the lesson, focus the attention of students on their successes and be sure to set home exercises in accordance with medical recommendations for the profile of the disease.
Literature
1. Mandatory minimum content of the initial general education (Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 1998 No. 1235).
2. Mandatory minimum content of basic general education
3. Mandatory minimum content of secondary (complete) general education(Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 1998 No. 1236).
4. Requirements for the level of training of primary school students, graduates of basic and secondary (complete) schools in physical education.
5. Exemplary programs in the discipline "Physical culture" for elementary, basic and secondary schools (A.P. Matveev and others).
6. Letter from the Ministry of Education Russian Federation dated October 31, 2003, No. 13-51-263/13 "On the assessment and certification of students assigned to a special medical group for physical education for health reasons."
7. A. P. Matveev, T. V. Petrova, L. V. Kaverkina “Program for students of a special medical group of educational institutions” - M .: Bustard, 2004.
8. M. D. Ripa; VC. Velitchenko; S.S. Volkov "Physical training with schoolchildren assigned to a special medical group." – M.; Enlightenment, 1988
9. N.N. Efimenko, B.V. Sermeev “The content and methodology of physical education with children suffering from cerebral palsy” - M .: Soviet sport, 1991. - 56 p.
10 E.I. Akhudeev, S.S. Galeev "Lessons of physical culture in a special medical group". M.: graduate School, 1986
Attachment 1
Regulations on the special medical group for physical culture
I. General provisions.
1.1 A special medical group (hereinafter referred to as the "SMG") was created in the municipal educational institution, secondary school No. 114 in Perm
1.2 The purpose of organizing the JMG:
promoting the physical development of students with deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring a significant limitation of physical activity.
Physical education classes instill in children and adolescents a steady interest in sports, a desire to improve health, and form healthy lifestyle skills.
1.3 SMG is organized for students in grades 1-11. Children with minor deviations in the state of health (in accordance with the list of indications for the appointment of a medical group) and admitted to the implementation of educational educational work.
1.4 Work in the SMG is aimed at:
- health promotion, improvement of physical development, hardening of the body;
- expanding the range of functionality of the main physiological systems of the body responsible for energy supply;
- increasing the body's defenses and its resistance;
- development of basic motor skills and qualities;
- education of moral and volitional qualities and interest in regular independent physical education;
- explaining the importance of a healthy lifestyle, the principles of hygiene, the correct regime of work and rest, rational nutrition, exposure to air;
- prevention of maladaptation of students in the conditions of a general education institution.
P. Organization and functioning of the SMG.
2.1 Completion of the SMG for the upcoming academic year is carried out on the basis of taking into account the state of health, indicators of physical fitness and functional research on the conclusion of a doctor, is issued by order of the director of the educational institution before September 1.
2.2 The maximum occupancy of groups is 2-3 people.
2.3 Groups are made up of students in parallel classes, or by morbidity.
2.4 Medical examination of students assigned to the medical group for health reasons is carried out three times a year (a quarter).
2.5 Based on the state of health, the results of functional research methods, data on adaptation to physical activity, the development of motor skills and abilities, children are transferred to the appropriate medical group. The transfer is carried out on the basis of the district doctor and is issued by order of the director.
III. Organization of the educational process in the SHG.
3.1 The educational process in the SHG is regulated by the schedule of classes.
3.2 Classes in the SMG are held according to the schedule as for the whole class, 1 hour per week. 3.3 Attendance at the classes of students of the SMG is mandatory.
3.4 Responsibility for attending students in the SHG classes rests with the teacher who leads the class in the group, as well as the class teacher, and is controlled by the deputy director for UVR.
3.5 Students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons are certified based on the results of fulfilling the requirements of the SHG training programs.
3.6 Skill building educational activities, development general educational programs recorded in an individual journal.
Annex 2
M methodological recommendations on contraindications to exercise.
Special Medical Group (SMG).
In SMG excluded from the program:
Rope climbing;
Acrobatics;
Pull-ups, push-ups;
Static exercises with prolonged breath holding;
Limited walking and running distance;
Exercises for strength, speed, endurance;
Jumping (depending on diseases).
1 group for all - corrective exercises.
Group 2 - breathing exercises.
The program is age independent. The assessment is made according to the following criteria: individual approach, attendance, growth of indicators. theoretical knowledge.
Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Contraindications:
Breath-holding and straining exercises;
Exercises associated with a sharp acceleration of the pace, with static stress.
Shown:
The entire section of outdoor switchgear, walking, dosed running;
All basic exercises are dynamic, mainly ORU for the upper limbs;
In breathing exercises, the emphasis is on exhalation (exhalation lengthening).
The musculoskeletal system.
Indications: corrective exercises, necessarily static (count up to 10), breathing exercises.
Contraindications : running, jumping, twisting exercises.
Kidney diseases.
Indications:everything that is in the program, but reduce physical activity.
Contraindications : jumping, hypothermia, with nephroptosis - emphasis on the abdominal muscles.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
shown: ORU for all muscle groups, relaxation exercises, breathing exercises, dosed running, walking.
Contraindications : restriction of jumps (especially with an ulcer), with low acidity - exercises for the abdominal muscles, static exercises for the legs; with increased acidity, you can not perform exercises for the abdominal press and lower extremities.
Nervous system.
Shown:everything according to the program.
Contraindications I: balance exercises, apparatus exercises that cause nervous tension.
Vision.
Shown: jumping, exercises with straining, power and static tension.
Endocrine diseases.
Shown: dosed walking, running, outdoor switchgear. For obesity - weight training, exercise bike, etc.
Contraindications: restriction in jumping, with obesity - a large number of repetitions.
Cerebral palsy
Shown: muscle stretching exercisesendurance exercises, lifting on a small plane, strength exercises.
Contraindications: push jumps, deep jumps
Appendix 3
M methodological recommendations for the organization of special medical groups
Contraindications to certain types of exercises for various diseases
Bronchial asthma
With maximum breath holding
The cardiovascular system
Bronchial asthma
With a sharp acceleration
Respiratory system
Bronchial asthma
With maximum static stress
The cardiovascular system
cerebral palsy
Jump jumps, deep jumps
kidney disease
organs of vision
Rachiocampsis
Digestive organs
Balance exercises on an elevated support
Nervous System Disorders
cerebral palsy
Exercises for the abdominal muscles
Digestive organs
Acrobatic exercises with increased difficulty
organs of vision
Rachiocampsis
cerebral palsy
Bronchial asthma
Limited game time
Nervous disorders
Bronchial asthma
Appendix 4
Approximate set of exercises
for SHG students with posture disorders
Posture is the relaxed habitual posture of a person in an upright position. With correct posture, a person without active tension holds the torso and head straight, the shoulders are deployed and slightly lowered, the shoulder blades are brought to the spine, the levels of the shoulder girdle, the lower corners of the shoulder blades, the pelvic bones and the triangles of the waist are symmetrical, the stomach is tucked up, the hip and knee joints are straightened, there are no deformations of the lower limbs.
Posture defects include slouching, round back, flat back and round arched back. With posture defects, the shoulder girdle and the lower corners of the shoulder blades are located at different levels. One of the waist triangles is flattened.
With a stooped back, a slightly sinking back, some increase in thoracic kyphosis.
With a round back, the shoulders hang forward, the chest is narrowed, the stomach is slightly protruded.
With a round-arched back, a uniform thoracolumbar kyphosis turns into a lower lumbar lordosis, the body is slightly thrown back.
The development of muscular-articular feeling has a great influence on the upbringing of posture. With the acquisition of this quality, the child more easily determines the difference between the correct and incorrect position of the body in space. Exercises that help develop muscle-joint feeling are as follows:
1. Exercises in the vertical plane:
a) children, having taken the correct position at the vertical plane under the control of the teacher, move away from it and, maintaining the correct posture, return to it, touching the same points - shoulder blades, buttocks, heels;
b) squats, sliding with your back along a vertical plane, while the larger the surface of the body is in contact with the plane, the more perfectly the muscular feeling develops;
c) correct posture in front of a mirror. Visual control helps to reduce the asymmetry of body parts, bring the deviated body to the midline and establish the parallel lines of the shoulder girdle of the body.
2. Holding various objects on the head (provided that the correct posture is maintained) in combination with balance exercises on a wide and then on a narrow support area.
To correct posture, children need to show perseverance, so it is necessary to inspire children to start self-control of posture in the morning, remember about it during the day and periodically check themselves in the mirror.
Appendix 5
Approximate set of exercises for SHG students with respiratory diseases
When performing these exercises, it is necessary to alternate with breathing and relaxation exercises in order to reduce the overall load and strengthen the respiratory muscles.
Teaching rational breathing is an important and difficult task. Teaching proper breathing should be both in static positions and during movements. When expanding the chest - inhale. When squeezing - exhale. The exhalation phase is lengthened by exercises performed on exhalation through the mouth. Breathing during squats, during turns, torso bends, walking.
Complex No. 1
Breathing exercises for students
1. At the expense of 1-4 slow deep breath;
5-8 slow full exhalation.
2. At the expense of 1-3 slow deep breath;
4 rapid exhalation through the mouth.
3. At the expense of 1 quick breath through the mouth;
2-6 slow full exhalation
Repeat 4 times
4. At the expense of 1 breath in a small portion;
2 pause on exhalation;
3 breath in a small portion;
4 pause;
5 breath in a small portion;
6 pause;
7-8 full exhalation.
At the expense of 1-8 free breathing. You should start with 1-2 pauses, gradually increase to 5-6 times. Repeat 2 times.
5. At the expense of 1-2 full deep breath;
3 pause;
4 exhale a small portion;
5 pause on exhalation;
6 exhale a small portion;
7 pause on exhalation;
8 complete exhalation.
6. At the expense of 1-2 full breath;
3-6 breath holding;
7-8 full exhalation.
At the expense of 1-8 free breathing. Repeat 2 times.
Complex No. 2
Students with respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc.) are contraindicated in exercises that cause breath holding, straining.
1. Walking in place, gradually increasing the pace, sweepingly working with your hands for 1 minute.
2. I. p. - stand legs apart
Repeat 8-10 times.
3. I. p. - stand legs apart, hands in front of the chest
1-3 - hands back. 4-ip Breathing is arbitrary. Repeat 5-6 times.
4. I. p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt
1-2 - take your shoulders back - take a deep breath through your nose
3-4 - shoulders forward - exhale through the mouth. Repeat 5-6 times.
5. I. p. - o.s., hands on the belt.
1- rise on toes - inhale.
2 - squat - exhale.
3 - get up - inhale.
4 - and. p. - exhale.
6. I. p. - about. With.
1 - max left, arms to the sides - inhale
2 - i. p. - exhale
3 - swing right, arms to the sides - inhale
4 - i. p. - exhale.
7. I. p. - about. s., hands up
1 - tilt, arms back
2 - i. p. Count 3-4 - the same. Breathing is arbitrary.
8. Walking in place, gradually increasing the pace, sweepingly working with your hands for 1 minute.
9. I. p. - stand legs apart.
1-2 - hands up - inhale through the nose
3-4 - arms down - long exhalation.
Repeat 8-10 times. Don't hold your breath.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Dubrovsky V.I. Children's cerebral palsy. - In the book: Sports medicine: Proc. for stud. higher textbook establishments. - 2nd ed., add. – M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2002, p. 425-426.
2. Efimenko N.N., Sermeev B.V. The content and methodology of physical education with children suffering from cerebral palsy. - M .: Soviet sport, 1991. - 56 p.
3. Physical rehabilitation: Textbook for academies and institutes of physical culture / Ed. prof. S.N. Popov. - Rostov n / D: publishing house "Phoenix", 1999. - 608 p.
4. Shterengerts A.E., Belaya N.A. Massage for adults and children. - K .: Health, 1996. - 384 p.
5. Shterengerts A.E. Therapeutic exercise and massage for diseases and injuries of the nervous system in children. - K .: Health, 1989. - 187 p.
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
"Secondary school No. 20"
urban district of the city of Sterlitamak of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Work program for a special medical group
for grades 1-11
2015-2016 academic year
Compiled by:
physical culture teacher
MAOU "School №20"
Abdrakhmanova R.G.
I.Explanatory note
The work program for students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons has been prepared taking into account the Mandatory minimum content of education in the field of physical education and the Minimum requirements for the quality of training students in physical education. The program uses the materials of the Exemplary Physical Education Program for students in grades 1-11 (V.I. Lyakha, A.A. Zdanevich (M.: Prosveshchenie, 2010).
In accordance with the Concept of the structure and content of education in the field of physical culture, the subject of training is motor activity with a general developmental focus. In the process of mastering this activity, schoolchildren improve not only their physical nature, but also the mental sphere actively develops, consciousness and thinking, creativity and independence are formed.
It is known that the content of the subject and its phased development by students are fixed in the relevant physical education curricula, which are worked out in accordance with the State Standard, which determines the basics of the content of education for all types and types of secondary educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The work program on physical culture for students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons decides the following tasks:
Increasing the physiological activity of body systems weakened by the disease, promoting the optimization of mental and physical performance in the mode of educational activity;
Improving applied vital skills and abilities in walking, running, jumping, climbing, throwing and swimming, enriching motor experience with physical exercises from gymnastics, athletics, skiing and outdoor games;
Improving physical fitness and developing basic physical qualities: strength, speed, endurance, coordination and flexibility;
Teaching complexes of physical exercises with a health-improving and corrective orientation, the simplest ways to control physical activity and the functional state of the body in physical education classes;
Formation of general ideas about physical culture, its importance in human life, health promotion, physical development and physical fitness, development of interest in independent physical exercises, including morning exercises, physical exercises and outdoor games.
Developed in accordance with the Mandatory minimum content of education in the field of physical culture and Minimum Requirements to the level of preparation of gymnasium students in physical culture, the proposed curriculum is characterized by:
Focus on strengthening the health-improving effect of the pedagogical process, achieved by including in the content of the program materials on various health-improving systems and sets of exercises used in the mode of the school day, as well as in conditions of active recreation and leisure;
The focus on the implementation of the principle of variability, orienting the teacher to selectively include educational material in the content of the lessons, taking into account the nature and specifics of the disease of schoolchildren, the characteristics of their individual physical development and preparedness, as well as the material and technical equipment of the educational process (gym, sports school grounds, stadium, swimming pool);
Focus on compliance with the didactic rules “from simple to complex”, “from mastered to unmastered” and “from known to unknown”, which set the parameters for selecting and planning program material, mastering it by students in unity with the formation of the foundations of independent activity;
Orientation to achieve interdisciplinary connections that provide education of a holistic worldview of students in the field of physical culture, a comprehensive disclosure of the relationship and interdependence of the studied phenomena and processes.
II. General characteristics of the subject
The work program includes four sections:
1. "Fundamentals of knowledge about physical culture" - includes knowledge about nature (medical and biological foundations of activity), knowledge about a person (psychological and pedagogical foundations of activity); knowledge about society (historical and sociological foundations of activity).
2. "Methods of activity" in its educational content correlates with ideas about the objectivity of motor activity and is reflected in the corresponding methods of its organization: planning and regulation of activity.
3. "Physical improvement" is focused on strengthening the health of schoolchildren, their harmonious physical development and comprehensive motor and physical fitness. This section includes complexes of health-improving and corrective gymnastics, motor actions (gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics, athletics, cross-country skiing, outdoor games) and exercises for the development of basic physical qualities.
4. "Requirements for the quality of mastering the program material" includes checking the preparedness of students in the main positions of the program. Complexes of exercises from exercise therapy are developed in accordance with the recommendations of the doctor and methodologist of exercise therapy, taking into account the individual state of health and the nature of the course of the disease.
The implementation of the goals of the educational program is due to the use of the following technologies in the educational process:
Classy lesson.
Individual.
Group.
differentiated learning.
Explanatory - illustrative.
Informational.
Gaming.
III. Description of the place of the subject in the curriculum
In accordance with the curriculum, the school's annual calendar curriculum for the 2015-2016 academic year, the work program is designed for: 65 hours (2 hours per week).
IV. Personal, meta-subject and subject results
In accordance with the requirements for the results of mastering the basic educational program of basic general education of the Federal State educational standard this work program for grades 1-11 is aimed at achieving personal, meta-subject and subject results in physical culture by students.
Personal Outcomes
Education of Russian civil identity: patriotism, love and respect for the Fatherland, a sense of pride in their homeland, the past and present of the multinational people of Russia; » knowledge of the history of the physical culture of their people, their region as part of the heritage of the peoples of Russia and mankind;
Assimilation of humanistic, democratic and traditional values of the multinational Russian society;
Raising a sense of responsibility and duty to the Motherland;
Formation of a responsible attitude to learning, readiness and ability of students for self-development and self-education based on motivation for learning and cognition, conscious choice and building further individual trajectory education based on orientation in the world of professions and professional preferences, taking into account sustainable cognitive interests;
Formation of a holistic worldview, corresponding to the current level of development of science and social practice, taking into account the social, cultural, linguistic, spiritual diversity of the modern world;
Formation of a conscious, respectful and benevolent attitude towards another person, his opinion, worldview, culture, language, faith, citizenship, history, culture, religion, traditions, languages, values of the peoples of Russia and the peoples of the world;
Willingness and ability to conduct a dialogue with other people and achieve mutual understanding in it;
Mastering social norms, rules of conduct, roles and forms of social life in groups and communities, including adults and social communities;
Participation in school self-government and public life within age competences, taking into account regional, ethno-cultural, social and economic characteristics;
The development of moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; the formation of moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude to one's own actions;
Formation communicative competence in communication and cooperation with peers, seniors and juniors in the process of educational, socially useful teaching and research, creative and other activities;
Formation of the value of a healthy and safe lifestyle; mastering the rules of individual and collective safe behavior in emergency situations that threaten the life and health of people, the rules of conduct in transport and on the roads;
Awareness of the importance of the family in the life of a person and society, acceptance of the value of family life, respectful and caring attitude towards family members.
Personal results are reflected in the readiness of students for self-development of individual personality traits, which are acquired in the process of mastering the subject "Physical Culture". They include the foundations of civic identity, formed motivation for learning and knowledge in the field of physical culture, the ability to use the values of physical culture to meet individual interests and needs, achieve personally significant results in physical perfection.
The personal results of mastering the program material are manifested in the following areas of culture.
Possession of knowledge about the individual characteristics of physical development and physical fitness and their compliance with age and gender standards;
Possession of knowledge about the characteristics of individual health and the functional capabilities of the body, methods of preventing diseases, injuries and providing first aid during physical exercises;
Possession of knowledge on organizing and conducting physical exercises of a health-improving and training orientation, compiling the content of individual classes in accordance with the objectives of improving physical development and physical fitness.
The ability to manage one's emotions, to master the culture of communication and interaction during physical exercises, during games and competitions; “the ability to take an active part in the organization and conduct of joint physical culture, health and sports events;
Possession of the ability to prevent conflict situations and find ways out of controversial situations in the process of playing and competitive activities on the basis of a respectful and friendly attitude towards others.
In the area of work culture:
Ability to plan the daily routine, provide the optimal combination of mental, physical activity and rest;
The ability to conduct hiking trips, prepare equipment, organize and equip parking lots, observe safety rules;
The ability to maintain correct posture for a long time during static postures and in the process of various types of motor activity;
Formation of the need to have a good physique in accordance with accepted norms and ideas;
Formation of a culture of movements, the ability to move easily, beautifully, naturally.
Possession of the ability to search for information on modern health systems (in reference sources, a textbook, on the Internet, etc.), as well as to summarize, analyze and apply the knowledge gained in independent physical exercises and sports;
Possession of the ability to formulate the goal and objectives of individual and joint activities with other children and adolescents in physical culture and recreation and sports and recreation activities, to state their content;
Possession of the ability to assess the situation and quickly make decisions, find adequate ways to interact with partners during educational, gaming and competitive activities.
Skill Mastery:
Athletics: running at a calm pace, alternating with walking and changing the direction of movement (“snake”, “counter-walk”, in a circle, diagonally), from different starting positions; high start followed by a slight acceleration. Jumping in place with turns to the right and left, moving forward and backward, in length and height from a place; jumping off a hill of mats, with a soft landing. Throwing a small stuffed ball (1 kg) with both hands from behind the head and from the chest, a small ball into a vertical target using the “knee” method. Running at a uniform speed along the distance; high jumps from a straight run; throwing a small ball for accuracy and range while standing still.
Gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics: organizing commands and tricks; execution of the commands “Attention!”, “At ease!”, “Line up!”, “To the left!”, “To the right!”, “Step march!”, “On the spot!”, “Stop!”; turns left and right, standing still; building in a line, column, in a circle; opening and closing with side steps. Acrobatic exercises: stops (crouching; bending over; lying on a hill; behind; on elbows); gray hair (legs together and apart; on the heels; angle); grouping in the supine position; swinging in a tight group (with help); rolls back in a grouping (with help); rolls from the stop crouching back and sideways. Applied gymnastic exercises: moving up and down the gymnastic wall, in the same and different ways; moving along the gymnastic wall diagonally and horizontally; crawling and crawling in a plastunsky way; crawling under an obstacle and climbing over an obstacle (height up to 80 cm); walking on a floor log and an inclined gymnastic bench; climbing on an inclined gymnastic bench in an emphasis on the knees; dance exercises (stylized polka steps); simulation exercises (imitation of the movement of animals). Somersaults forward, backward. Pole climbing. Exercises with gymnastic equipment.
Cross-country skiing: organizing teams and techniques: “Ski on the shoulder!”, “Ski under the arm!”, “Ski to the foot!”, “Stand on the skis!”; a bunch of skis and carrying them on the shoulder and at hand; preparation for skiing (uncovering the skis and securing them on the leg). Skiing with stepping and sliding steps. Turns: stepping on the spot on a gentle slope due to the movements of the torso. ; turns during the descent in the "half-herringbone" way; braking in the "semi-plow" way.
Outdoor games: based on the material of gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics (game tasks using drill exercises such as "Stand-disperse", "Change of places"); games (“At the bear in the forest”, “Crayfish”, “Troika”, “Rooster fight”, “Owl”, “Catch-up tag”, “Climbers”, “Snake”, “Don't drop the bag”, “Parsley on the bench "," Pass silently", "Through a cold stream"); on the material of athletics - relay races; games (“Do not stumble”, “Burners”, “Fish”, “Penguins with a ball”, “Fifteen”, “Who is faster”, “Quickly in places”, “To your flags”, “Exactly on the target”, “Third extra"); on the material of ski training (“Hunters and deer”, “Counter relay”, “Day and night”, “Get in the gate”, “Who will ride longer”, “In tow”); on the material of sports games: football - a blow with the inside of the foot (“cheek”) on a stationary ball (from a place, from one or two steps), on a ball rolling towards and after dribbling; outdoor games such as "Exact transmission"; basketball - catching and throwing the ball with two hands while standing still (from below, from the chest, from behind the head), passing the ball (from below, from the chest, from behind the head); outdoor games ("Throw-catch", "Shot in the sky", "Hunters and ducks").
Metasubject Results
The ability to independently determine the goals of their learning, set and formulate new tasks for themselves in their studies and cognitive activity, to develop the motives and interests of their cognitive activity;
The ability to independently plan ways to achieve goals, including alternative ones, to consciously choose the most effective ways to solve educational and cognitive problems; “the ability to correlate their actions with the planned results, to control their activities in the process of achieving the result, to determine the methods of action within the framework of the proposed conditions and requirements, to adjust their actions in accordance with the changing situation;
The ability to assess the correctness of the implementation of the educational task, their own ability to solve it;
Possession of the basics of self-control, self-assessment, decision-making and the implementation of a conscious choice in educational and cognitive activities;
Ability to organize educational cooperation and joint activities with the teacher and peers;
Ability to work individually and in a group: find a common solution and resolve conflicts based on the coordination of positions and taking into account interests;
Ability to formulate, argue and defend one's opinion;
The ability to consciously use speech means in accordance with the task of communication, to express one's feelings, thoughts and needs, to plan and regulate one's activities. Metasubject results are manifested in various areas of culture.
In the field of cognitive culture:
Mastering information about the role and importance of physical culture in the formation of a person's integral personality, in the development of his consciousness and thinking, physical, mental and moral qualities;
Understanding health as one of the most important conditions for the development and self-realization of a person, expanding the possibilities of choosing a professional activity and providing long-term creative activity;
Understanding of physical culture as a means of organizing and actively maintaining a healthy lifestyle, preventing bad habits and deviant (deviating from the norms) behavior.
In the field of moral culture:
Respect for one's own health and the health of others, the manifestation of goodwill and responsiveness to people with disabilities and health disorders; » displaying a respectful attitude towards others, teammates and rivals, displaying a culture of interaction, tolerance and tolerance in achieving common goals while joint activities;
Responsible attitude to the task assigned, manifestation of discipline and readiness to defend their own positions, to be responsible for the results of their own activities.
In the area of work culture:
Conscientious fulfillment of educational tasks, a conscious desire to master new knowledge and skills that increase the effectiveness of completing tasks;
Acquisition of skills to plan, control and evaluate educational activities, organize places of study and ensure their safety;
Consolidation of the ability to maintain an optimal level of performance in the process of educational activities through active use physical exercises, hygiene factors and natural forces of nature for the prevention of mental and physical fatigue.
In the field of aesthetic culture:
Knowledge of factors potentially hazardous to health (bad habits, early sexual intercourse, doping), and their dangerous consequences;
Understanding the culture of human movements, understanding the meaning of mastering vital motor skills and abilities, based on expediency and aesthetic appeal;
The perception of a sports competition as a cultural and mass entertainment event, the manifestation of adequate norms of behavior, non-antagonistic ways of communication and interaction.
In the area of communicative culture:
Possession of a culture of speech, conducting a dialogue in a benevolent and open form, showing attention, interest and respect to the interlocutor;
* Possession of the ability to lead a discussion, discuss the content and results of joint activities,
find compromises when making common solutions;
* Possession of the ability to logically correctly state, argue and substantiate one's own point of view, bring it to the interlocutor.
In the field of physical culture:
Possession of ways of organizing and conducting various forms of physical exercises, their planning and filling with content;
* possession of the skills to perform motor actions and physical exercises of basic sports and health-improving physical culture, to actively use them in independently organized sports and health-improving and health-improving activities;
* Possession of ways to monitor the indicators of individual health, physical development and physical fitness, the magnitude of physical activity, the use of these indicators in the organization and conduct of independent forms of training.
Subject Results
In a primary school, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, the results of studying the course "Physical Education" should reflect:
* understanding the role and importance of physical culture in the formation personal qualities, in active inclusion in a healthy lifestyle, strengthening and maintaining individual health;
* mastering the system of knowledge about the physical improvement of a person, mastering the ability to select physical exercises and regulate physical activity for independent systematic classes with various functional orientations (health, training, correctional, recreational and therapeutic), taking into account individual capabilities and characteristics of the body, plan the content of these classes, include them in the mode of the school day and school week;
* gaining experience in organizing independent systematic physical education classes in compliance with safety regulations and injury prevention; mastering the ability to provide first aid for minor injuries; enrichment of the experience of joint activities in the organization and conduct of physical culture classes, forms of active recreation and leisure; * expanding the experience of organizing and monitoring physical development and physical fitness;
* the formation of the ability to monitor the dynamics of the development of one's basic physical qualities: to assess the current state of the body and determine the training effect of physical culture classes on it through the use of standard physical loads and functional tests, to determine individual modes of physical activity, to control the direction of its impact on the body during independent physical exercises with different target orientation;
* the formation of skills to perform complexes of general developmental, health-improving and corrective exercises, taking into account individual abilities and characteristics, health status and the mode of educational activity; mastering the basics of technical actions, techniques and physical exercises from basic sports, the ability to use them in various forms of game and competitive activity; expansion of motor experience through exercises focused on the development of basic physical qualities, increasing the functionality of the main body systems.
Objective results, as well as personal and meta-objective ones, are manifested in different areas of culture.
In the field of cognitive culture:
Knowledge of the history of the development of sports and the Olympic movement, their positive impact on strengthening peace and friendship between peoples;
Knowledge of the main directions of development of physical culture in society, their goals, objectives and forms of organization;
Knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, its connection with health promotion and prevention of bad habits, about the role and place of physical culture in organizing a healthy lifestyle.
In the field of moral culture:
The ability to show initiative and independence in organizing joint physical exercises, a friendly and respectful attitude towards participants with different levels of their skills, physical abilities, health status;
Ability to interact with classmates and peers, assist them in mastering new motor actions, correctly explain and objectively evaluate the technique of their implementation;
The ability to show discipline and respect for teammates and opponents during game and competitive activities, to abide by the rules of the game and competition.
In the area of work culture:
The ability to overcome difficulties, conscientiously perform study tasks technical and physical training;
Ability to organize independent physical exercises of various functional orientations, ensure the safety of training places, sports equipment and equipment, sportswear;
The ability to organize and conduct independent classes according to the basic types of the school curriculum, to select physical exercises depending on the individual orientation towards future professional activity.
In the field of aesthetic culture:
The ability to organize self-study using physical exercises for the formation of physique and correct posture, to select complexes of physical exercises and modes of physical activity, depending on the individual characteristics of physical development;
The ability to organize independent classes on the formation of a culture of movements when performing exercises of various directions (for the development of coordination abilities, strength, speed, endurance, flexibility), depending on the individual characteristics of physical fitness;
The ability to monitor the dynamics of indicators of physical development, posture, indicators of basic physical abilities, evaluate them objectively and correlate them with generally accepted norms and standards. In the field of communicative culture: the ability to present knowledge about physical culture in an interesting and accessible way, skillfully applying the relevant concepts and terms;
The ability to determine the tasks of physical exercises included in the content of the school curriculum, to argue how they should be organized and carried out; the ability to referee competitions in one of the sports, conduct classes as a squad leader, team captain, owning the necessary informational gestures.
In the field of physical culture:
The ability to select physical exercises, natural forces of nature, hygienic factors in accordance with their functional orientation, to make individual complexes from them for the implementation of recreational gymnastics, the use of hardening procedures, the prevention of postural disorders, and the improvement of physical fitness;
The ability to draw up lesson plans using physical exercises of various pedagogical orientations, to regulate the amount of physical activity depending on the tasks of the lesson and the individual characteristics of the organism;
The ability to conduct independent lessons on the development and consolidation of new motor actions mastered in the lesson and the development of basic physical (conditional and coordination) abilities, to control and analyze the effectiveness of these classes, keeping a self-observation diary.
Fundamentals of knowledge about physical culture
Physical culture as a system of various forms of physical training and strengthening of human health.
The emergence of physical culture among ancient people, the connection of physical training with labor activity.
Vital modes of human movement: similarities and differences.
Daily routine and personal hygiene.
Rules of conduct and safety precautions in physical education lessons.
Ways of activity
Wellness activities during the day: conducting morning exercises, physical education, breathing exercises, outdoor games, sets of exercises to form the correct posture, prevent visual impairment.
Physical improvement Health and corrective gymnastics
Complexes of exercises: exercises for the formation of correct posture (without objects and with objects), local development of the muscles of the body, prevention of flat feet. Exercises with different types of breathing (thoracic, abdominal and mixed types), performed while sitting, standing still and in motion. Exercises for the prevention of visual impairment. Exercises for alternating tension and muscle relaxation.
Walking: with changing speed and direction of movement; left and right side; back forward; on socks and heels; in pairs and triples, using different starting positions (in a squat, half-squat; "goose step").
Run: at a slow pace, alternating with walking, with a change in direction of movement.
Physical training
Athletics (20 hours).
Athletics: running at a calm pace, alternating with walking and changing the direction of movement (“snake”, “counter-walk”, in a circle, diagonally), from different starting positions; high start followed by a slight acceleration. Jumping in place with turns to the right and left, moving forward and backward, in length and height from a place; jumping off a hill of mats, with a soft landing. Throwing a small stuffed ball (1 kg) with both hands from behind the head and from the chest, a small ball into a vertical target using the “knee” method. Running at a uniform speed along the distance; high jumps from a straight run; throwing a small ball for accuracy and range while standing still.
Ski training (14 hours).
Ski race: organizing commands and techniques: “Ski on the shoulder!”, “Ski under the arm!”, “Ski to the foot!”, “Stand on the skis!”; a bunch of skis and carrying them on the shoulder and at hand; preparation for skiing (uncovering the skis and securing them on the leg). Walking and gliding skiing. Turns: stepping on the spot on a gentle slope due to the movements of the torso. Climbing steps. Descent in the main rack. Movement on skis at a uniform speed in an alternating two-step course; turns during the descent in the "half-herringbone" way; braking in the "semi-plow" way.
Gymnastics (14 hours).
Gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics: organizing commands and techniques; execution of the commands “Attention!”, “At ease!”, “Line up!”, “To the left!”, “To the right!”, “Step march!”, “On the spot!”, “Stop!”; turns left and right, standing still; building in a line, column, in a circle; opening and closing with side steps. Acrobatic exercises: stops (crouching; bending over; lying on a hill; behind; on elbows); gray hair (legs together and apart; on the heels; angle); grouping in the supine position; swinging in a tight group (with help); rolls back in a grouping (with help); rolls from the stop crouching back and sideways. Applied gymnastic exercises: moving up and down the gymnastic wall, in the same and different ways; moving along the gymnastic wall diagonally and horizontally; crawling and crawling in a plastunsky way; crawling under an obstacle and climbing over an obstacle (height up to 80 cm); walking on a floor log and an inclined gymnastic bench; climbing on an inclined gymnastic bench in an emphasis on the knees; dance exercises (stylized polka steps); simulation exercises (imitation of the movement of animals). Somersaults forward, backward. Pole climbing. Exercises with gymnastic equipment.
Outdoor games (17 hours).
Outdoor games 1 : based on the material of gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics (game tasks using drill exercises such as "Stand-disperse", "Change of places"); games (“At the bear in the forest”, “Crayfish”, “Troika”, “Rooster fight”, “Owl”, “Catch-up tag”, “Climbers”, “Snake”, “Don't drop the bag”, “Parsley on the bench "," Pass silently", "Through a cold stream"); on the material of athletics - relay races; games (“Do not stumble”, “Burners”, “Fish”, “Penguins with a ball”, “Fifteen”, “Who is faster”, “Quickly in places”, “To your flags”, “Exactly on the target”, “Third extra"); on the material of ski training (“Hunters and deer”, “Oncoming relay”, “Day and night”, “Get in the gate”, “Who will ride longer”, “In tow”); on the material of sports games: football - a blow with the inside of the foot (“cheek”) on a stationary ball (from a place, from one or two steps), on a ball rolling towards and after dribbling; outdoor games such as "Exact transmission"; basketball - catching and throwing the ball with two hands while standing still (from below, from the chest, from behind the head), passing the ball (from below, from the chest, from behind the head); outdoor games ("Throw-catch", "Shot in the sky", "Hunters and ducks").
1 Games are included in the educational process at the discretion of the teacher, depending on the conditions for conducting classes, the logic of planning the main material and the preparedness of students.
VI.Thematic planningcdetermination of the main types of educational activities of students
The amount of hours | Main types of educational activities |
|
Athletics | ||
Low start and starting acceleration. | They describe the technique of performing running exercises, master it on their own, identify and eliminate typical errors in the development process. Demonstrate varied performance of running exercises. |
|
Long jump with a running start. | Apply jumping exercises for the development of appropriate physical abilities, choose an individual mode of physical activity, control it by heart rate. |
|
High jump from a place. | Jumping exercises are used for the development of appropriate physical abilities, an individual mode of physical activity is chosen, and it is controlled by heart rate. |
|
Light running combined with walking. | They use running exercises to develop appropriate physical qualities, choose an individual mode of physical activity, control it by heart rate |
|
ball throwing | Use learned exercises to develop dexterity. |
|
Mobile and sports games. | Use learned exercises to develop speed abilities. |
|
ski training | ||
Safety briefing for ski training. | Explain the concept of technology performance of ski moves and competition rules. Follow the rules to avoid injury while skiing. |
|
Walking around the terrain with walking sticks. | ||
Turning downhill, braking. Slope climbs. Skiing at a moderate pace | They describe the technique of the studied ski moves, master them on their own, identifying and eliminating typical mistakes. They model the technique of mastered ski moves, vary it depending on the situations and conditions that arise in the process of passing distances. |
|
They describe the technique of the studied ski moves, master them on their own, identifying and eliminating typical mistakes |
||
Skiing at a uniform speed in alternating two-step travel | They describe the technique of the studied ski moves, master them on their own, identifying and eliminating typical mistakes |
|
Gymnastics | ||
Rules for safety and insurance during physical exercises. Technique for performing physical exercises. |
||
Describe the technique of acrobatic exercises. Make up acrobatic combinations from the number of learned exercises. Gymnastic and acrobatic exercises are used to develop these coordination abilities. |
||
Describe the technique of these exercises. Make up gymnastic combinations from the number of learned exercises. |
||
Describe the technique of these exercises. Make up gymnastic combinations from the number of learned exercises. |
||
Corrective gymnastics. Improvement of the studied combat exercises. Exercises with gymnastic sticks. Hangs, stops, somersaults. Outdoor games. | Describe the technique of these exercises. Make up gymnastic combinations from the number of learned exercises. |
VII. Description of educational - methodical and material - technical support of educational activities.
1. Handbook of a teacher of physical culture / author-compiler: P.A. Kiselev S.B. Kiseleva - Volgograd: Teacher, 2010.
2. Handbook of a teacher of physical culture: preparing schoolchildren for the Olympiads. Methodical manual / author-comp.: P.A. Kiselev S.B. Kiseleva - M .: Globus, 2008.
3. For a beginner teacher of physical culture / author: M.V. Vidyakin-Volgograd: Teacher, 2004.
VIII. Planned results of studying the subject
Expected Result:
1. Participation in city competitions.
2. Increasing the motivation of students for physical education and sports.
3. Formation of the basics of a healthy lifestyle among schoolchildren.
4. Development of physical qualities.
5. Formation of ideas about various forms of leisure activities.
Control methods:
1. Delivery of control standards.
2. Questioning.
3.Introduction of notebooks of independent physical exercises.
VIII. Calendar-thematic plan
date according to the plan | actual date | Topic of the lesson | Note |
|
Athletics. Safety in the classroom. First aid. Drill. Easy running combined with walking. jumping | ||||
Drill. Easy running combined with walking. Jumping. | ||||
Construction. Duty. Walking, easy running Corrective gymnastics. General developmental exercises. Game relay. Performing drills (turns on the spot) | ||||
Construction. Duty. Walking, light running. Corrective gymnastics.. General developmental exercises. Game relay. Performing drills (turns on the spot) | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. High start technique. Execution of commands: "To start", "Attention", "March". Game "Pioneerball" | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Standing long jump. Throwing a small ball at a target. Outdoor games | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Ball throwing. Jumping exercises. Games | ||||
Outdoor games. Corrective gymnastics. Jogging combined with walking. Medicine ball exercises. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Jogging combined with walking. Medicine ball exercises. Outdoor games | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Hit the target game. Outdoor games. Development of agility and coordination | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercise with basketballs. Outdoor games | ||||
Gymnastics. Safety in the classroom, theoretical information. Corrective gymnastics. Stops, rolls, grouping. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Improvement of the studied combat exercises. Exercises with gymnastic sticks. Hangs, stops, somersaults. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises with balls, with gymnastic objects, Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Stops, rolls, grouping. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Combat exercises, building from one line to two, from a column one at a time to a column of two. Exercises lying on your back. Walking on toes. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Improvement of the studied combat exercises. Exercises with gymnastic sticks. Hangs, stops, somersaults. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Improvement of the studied combat exercises. Exercises with gymnastic sticks. Hangs, stops, somersaults. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises with stuffed balls, at the gymnastic ladder. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises with stuffed balls, at the gymnastic ladder. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Walking on the gymnastic bench. Outdoor games. Preparatory exercises vault. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises with balls, with gymnastic objects, Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises on the gymnastic bench, stairs. Pole climbing. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises on the gymnastic bench, stairs. Pole climbing. Outdoor games. | ||||
Ski training. Ski training safety. Combat training with skis in place and on the move. Walking skiing | ||||
Turns: stepping on the spot on a gentle slope due to the movements of the torso. Cross-country skiing at a moderate pace | ||||
Turns: stepping on the spot on a gentle slope due to the movements of the torso. Cross-country skiing at a moderate pace | ||||
Climbing steps. Descent in the main rack. Skiing at a uniform speed in alternating two-step travel | ||||
Climbing steps. Descent in the main rack. Skiing at a uniform speed in alternating two-step travel | ||||
Downhill cornering, braking. Slope climbs. Skiing at a moderate pace | ||||
Passing a distance with overcoming an obstacle at a moderate pace. Riding down small hills. | ||||
Descents and ascents, braking with a “plow” and “semi-plow” Skating from small slopes. | ||||
Descents and ascents, braking with a “plow” and “semi-plow” Skating from small slopes. | ||||
Climbing steps. Descent in the main rack. Skiing at a uniform speed in alternating two-step travel | ||||
Climbing steps. Descent in the main rack. Movement on skis at a uniform speed in an alternating two-step course | ||||
Descents and ascents, braking with a “plow” and “semi-plow” Skating from small slopes. | ||||
Outdoor games. Safety precautions for sports games. Corrective gymnastics. Pioneerball. Outdoor games. Basketball relays. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Outdoor games. Throwing a basketball into the ring. Basketball dribbling. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Pioneerball. Ball exercises. Outdoor games. Relays with balls. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. "Happy Starts" Throwing a small ball for a distance. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises for the development of speed of movement, flexibility. High jump. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Exercises with a gymnastic stick, jump rope. Outdoor games. High jumps, long jumps, running at a slow pace combined with walking. | ||||
Athletics | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Jogging combined with walking. Pioneerball. Low start technique. High jump. Running out of various positions | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Standing long jump. Throwing a ball at a target. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Standing long jump. Throwing a ball at a target. Outdoor games. Flexibility exercises. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. High start technique combined with running. Games. Throwing a small ball at a target. Strength development. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. "Happy Starts" Running at a constant speed over a distance. High jump. Throwing a small ball for a distance. Outdoor games. | ||||
Corrective gymnastics. Development of agility and coordination. Jumping over benches. Run at an even pace. Outdoor games. Summing up the year. Individual task for each student for the summer |
ORGANIZATION OF CLASSES WITH STUDENTS OF THE SPECIAL MEDICAL GROUP AT THE UNIVERSITY
Tokareva Alexandra Vladimirovna
Saint Petersburg State University
Assistant of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports
annotation
The article presents the experience of organizing classes with students of a special medical group in universities on the example of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of St. Petersburg State University. As part of the work program on physical culture and sports at St Petersburg University, classes have been developed for students with health problems. The article presents indications and contraindications for common diseases.
ORGANIZATION OF CLASSES WITH STUDENTS OF SPECIAL MEDICAL GROUP IN UNIVERSITY
Tokarev Alexandra Vladimirovna
St. Petersburg State University
Assistant, Department of Physical Education and Sport
Abstract
The article presents the experience of the organization of classes with students of special medical group in higher education by the example of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of St. Petersburg State University. As part of the work program for Physical Culture and Sports of St. Petersburg State University have developed classes for students with disabilities in the state of health. The article presents the indications and contraindications for common diseases.
According to the Order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated July 26, 1994 No. No. 777, the distribution of students into medical groups is carried out on the basis of a medical examination by a medical commission. Currently, the following medical groups are distinguished in higher educational institutions for physical education: basic, preparatory and special.
At St Petersburg University, students of the preparatory and special group "A" are united in the 3rd "improving" block, and those exempted from physical education for medical reasons (special group "B") are distributed in the 4th "additional" block.
To the preparatory medical group include practically healthy students with some morphological and functional deviations or poorly prepared physically; at risk for the occurrence of pathology or with chronic diseases in the stage of stable remission for at least 3-5 years.
Students assigned to this group are allowed to engage in physical culture according to the curriculum, subject to the gradual mastering of a set of motor skills and abilities associated with the presentation of increased requirements to the body, a more strict dosage of physical activity and the exclusion of contraindicated movements.
Special Medical Group divided into: "A" and "B".
To special group "A" include students with deviations in the state of health of a permanent (chronic disease, congenital malformations in the stage of compensation) or a temporary nature.
Students assigned to this group are allowed to engage in physical education with limited physical activity and the exclusion of contraindicated physical exercises. In the classroom, the nature and severity of deviations in the state of health, physical and functional development are necessarily taken into account.
To the special group "B" include students with significant deviations in the state of health of a permanent and temporary nature, without pronounced disturbances in well-being and admitted to attending theoretical classes.
Physical education for students with deviations in the state of health in universities throughout the country includes as a mandatory minimum theoretical, practical, including consultative and methodological classes. In the content of the course for students of the special medical department, special attention is paid to the means for eliminating deviations in the state of health and physical development. Practical classes are conducted taking into account the working capacity and functional capabilities of students.
At St. Petersburg State University, in the “Health” block, classes are held according to a special methodology in the following sports: aerobics (fitball, stretching, fitness), martial arts (wushu), skiing, athletics (health-improving running), swimming, Nordic walking, tourism ( pedestrian), badminton, special programs in the direction of "Health systems", general physical training.
Exemption from physical education classes for health reasons can only be temporary (for the period of illness). Students released from practical classes for a long period are engaged in groups of an additional block (main module), where they master theoretical and methodological material, as well as checkers and chess.
The main tasks of physical education in special medical groups are:
- promoting the versatile development of the body, maintaining and strengthening health, eliminating functional deviations and shortcomings in physical development;
- increasing the level of physical performance, the development of professionally important physical qualities;
- formation of the need for systematic physical exercises, instilling healthy lifestyle skills;
- mastering the basic motor skills and abilities;
- acquisition of knowledge and skills of hardening, methods of conducting independent studies, conducting self-control and self-massage.
According to specialized literature, currently among the most common diseases among students are disorders of the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system (up to 80% deviations), respiratory system, organs of vision, genitourinary, digestive systems, etc. .
Table 1 shows, depending on the prevalence of diseases, approximate indications and contraindications for physical education classes with students who have deviations in the state of health.
Table 1
Disease |
Indications |
Contraindications |
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM |
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IRR for hypertensive type | Dosed walking and climbing stairs, jogging, swimming, skiing, cycling. It is possible to participate in outdoor and sports games that do not require intense physical effort, complex coordination of movements, intense attention. The health complexes include stretching exercises, coordination, respiratory, general developmental, etc. | Exclude exercises with a large amplitude of movements for the trunk and head, exercises that cause breath holding, sudden changes in the direction of movement of the head and trunk, strength exercises |
Hypotonic disease | Open switchgear, various breathing exercises, dosed walking, running, hiking, swimming, sports and outdoor games, exercises on simulators. Strength exercises for large muscle groups with light weights, speed-strength exercises (jumps, running 20-40 m) | Exercises with holding the breath, straining, with a sharp acceleration of the pace, static tension |
Heart defects | ORU, breathing exercises with body turns, dosed walking and climbing stairs, cycling, all exercises are not significant in size and duration of the load | Exercises associated with effort, straining, carrying weights, jumping, throwing. With stenosis of the left atrioventricular orifice, exercises with deep breathing and stimulating non-cardiac circulatory factors are excluded |
Cardiac ischemia | Cyclic types of physical exercises (walking, swimming, slow running, cycling, etc.) | Strength exercises, pull-ups on the hands, straining, lying down |
Phlebeurysm | Open switchgear with objects (gymnastic stick, stuffed balls) and at the gymnastic wall, abdominal exercises and deep breathing, exercises with alternating muscle contraction and relaxation, squats, walking, swimming, skiing, recreational running | Breath-holding exercises, straining, static tension, a sharp acceleration of the pace, endurance exercises are limited |
DISEASES OF THE MUSCLE-MOTOR APPARATUS |
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Scoliosis 1 degree | Exercises for the muscles of the back and abdominals, for the lumbosacral and gluteal muscles, dynamic and static breathing exercises. Symmetrical training of all muscle groups is carried out. Recommended skiing, games, swimming (breaststroke, crawl) | |
Scoliosis 2nd degree | Outdoor switchgear with asymmetric correction. In swimming, up to 50% of the time is devoted to the use of asymmetric starting positions to reduce the load on the concave side of the spinal arch | It is not recommended to engage in sports that increase the static load on the spine (weightlifting, hiking, high jumps, long jumps, acrobatics, choreography, figure skating, etc.). |
Posture disorder | Exercises with an emphasis on the development of strength and static muscle endurance, symmetrical corrective exercises, in which the middle position of the spinal column is maintained. | Exercises that can lead to overexertion |
flat feet | Special exercises: plantar flexion, supination of the feet. Walking on the outer edges of the foot, on toes, bending the toes, grabbing various objects with the toes, squats in the position - socks inward, heels apart, climbing the gymnastic wall and rope, rolling with the soles of small objects, etc. | Exercises that cause flattening of the arch of the foot, foot pronation (walking on the inner edges of the foot) |
Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine | Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle, swimming lessons, massage of the collar zone. | |
Osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine | When flattening the thoracic kyphosis, it is necessary to strengthen the abdominal muscles and stretch the long muscles of the back. With increased thoracic kyphosis, it is necessary to strengthen the back muscles, stretch the long muscles and abdominal muscles. Exercises with isometric tension of the back muscles are shown, followed by their complete relaxation. |
All exercises are performed freely, without sudden and active movements. Avoid vibration, running and riding on uneven terrain, playing sports (basketball, football, handball, hockey, volleyball, etc.), exercises with a barbell are contraindicated, exercises with a torso tilt forward, lifting straight legs from a prone position and sitting, stretching, etc. |
Osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine | Exercises for the lower extremities in combination with static and dynamic breathing exercises, relaxation of the muscles of the trunk and limbs, which should be performed in I.P. lying on the stomach, back, side, kneeling in emphasis. Exercises for the formation of the muscular corset. | All exercises are performed freely, without sudden and active movements. Avoid vibration, running and riding on uneven terrain, playing sports (basketball, football, handball, hockey, volleyball, etc.), exercises with a barbell are contraindicated, exercises with a torso tilt forward, lifting straight legs from a prone position and sitting, stretching, etc. Exercises aimed at extension of the lumbar spine are not recommended. |
BREATHING LIMITS |
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Chronical bronchitis | Exercises involving the muscles of the chest and upper limbs, outdoor switchgear, swimming, rowing, athletics, skiing, cycling, etc. Widely use a long exhalation. Breathing according to the method of A.N. Strelnikova is indicated for patients with simple chronic bronchitis, without shortness of breath. | Acute stage of the disease; straining, holding the breath while inhaling. Inhalation should not be excessive, maximum, tense. |
Bronchial asthma | Special exercises: breathing exercises with an extended exhalation, holding the breath on exhalation, “sound” gymnastics, postural drainage and drainage exercises, exercises for the muscles of the upper limbs and chest, exercises aimed at relaxing the skeletal muscles. Special exercises are used in combination with outdoor switchgear | Acute stage of the disease, heart failure; swimming, exercises with straining and holding the breath (cause bronchospasm) |
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF VISION |
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Myopia (nearsightedness) | Special exercises: Exercises for the external and internal muscles of the eyes (circular rotation of the eyeball, shifting gaze from a near point to a far one, etc.). Squinting, blinking. The amplitude of eyeball movements is maximum, but without pain. Perform special exercises simultaneously with breathing and ORU. Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the neck and back. It is useful to engage in sports games without jumping and jumping (badminton, table tennis), swimming, hiking, skiing |
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Hypermetropia (farsightedness) | Use therapeutic exercises according to the Brega system, yoga for the eyes | Undesirable high-intensity exercises associated with jumping and jumping or requiring great tension (pull-ups, weight lifting, etc.), exercises that require a long stay in a bent position with the head tilted down or sharp torso bends. Exclude games where there is a possibility of a collision between the players, blows to the face and head. |
URINARY SYSTEM |
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Pyelonephritis, cystitis | Practice diaphragmatic breathing. Medium-intensity outdoor switchgear, pay attention to strengthening the anterior abdominal wall | Prolonged static tension of the abdominal muscles, back, weight lifting. Jumping. |
Kidney stone disease | Running, jumping, ball games, cycling, breathing exercises | Endurance exercises |
DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT |
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Stomach ulcer | Cyclic, low-intensity exercises (walking, skiing, etc.), exercises for the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, diaphragmatic breathing | Exercises for the abdominal press, with shells (dumbbells, stuffed balls) |
Gastritis
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Exercises of a cyclic nature at a slow pace, long in time, exercises for the abdominal muscles Emotional exercises that train the nervous system (games), exercises for the abdominal muscles |
Exercises for the abdominal press, with shells (dumbbells, stuffed balls) |
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
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Obesity | Endurance exercises, sports games: basketball, football; swimming, brisk walking, running, jogging, hiking, rowing, cycling, skiing, skating, outdoor games, gymnastic exercises with dumbbells, self-massage, exercise equipment. Lessons should be at least 30 minutes long. |
Exercises on simulators (IV degree of obesity) |
Diabetes | Exercises for all muscle groups at a slow and medium pace, possible speed strength exercises, shows sports games, skiing, swimming, slow running, exercises on simulators, cycling, rowing, exercises with dumbbells, rubber shock absorbers, stuffed balls and at the gymnastic wall. | If you feel hungry, weak, trembling hands, you need to eat 1-2 pieces of sugar and stop exercising |
INJURIES OF THE LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS |
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Ligament injury | Swimming, dosed walking, cycling or exercise bike, self-massage | During the period of scar formation, dynamic loads are contraindicated |
Damage to the meniscus of the knee joint | Exercises with a rubber bandage: lying on your back and stomach, flexion and extension of the legs, as well as exercises for the muscles of the abdomen and back, cycling, walking up stairs, swimming, hydrocolonotherapy, you can include slow running on soft ground in combination with walking. | Squats with additional load, sharp movements when bending and straightening the knee joint, rotational movements of the lower leg. In addition, one should not start training early in sports such as ice hockey, football, wrestling, etc. |
dislocations | It is necessary to fix the joint with an elastic bandage, perform gentle movements and movements in light conditions, exercises to relax the muscles and in the water | Movements of a power nature and with a large amplitude in the damaged joint |
fractures | Passive-active movements, muscle tension and stretching exercises, isometric exercises, application of axial load on a limb, swimming, exercise on simulators, running and gymnastics in water, cycling, games, skiing | Overexertion and fatigue of muscles, carrying weights, exercises that cause pain |
Preservation and promotion of health, increasing the adaptive capacity of the body of students of special medical groups during the period of study at a university is an important component of higher education, since it is during this period that the foundation is laid for the success and longevity of the future professional activity of young specialists.
Sections: Sports at school and children's health
The author's work program on the subject "Physical Education" is intended for students in grades 1-11 general education schools, according to medical indications, included in special medical groups, and can be recommended for physical education classes with other children with health problems.
The specificity of the program is determined by a special combination of the tasks of physical training of students using elements and certain techniques of sambo wrestling and the tasks of medical control and support of the educational training process, taking into account typological features child: physiometric indicators, genetic, physiological, psychological. Accounting for medical indications provides an individual approach to each student and differentiation in the choice of means, methods and organizational forms of physical education. The program implies special attention to the process of education, physical, mental and personal development of children in this category.
The program proposes a system for including technical elements and certain sambo wrestling techniques in the structure of the physical education subject for students in grades 1-11 of general education schools who, for medical reasons, are included in special medical groups or adaptive physical education groups for children with health problems.
This program guarantees the provision of an educational standard and the provision of equal opportunities and high quality physical education classes for students of both basic and special medical groups.
This work is intended for teachers of physical culture of educational institutions, centers for the health and rehabilitation of children, may be useful for students pedagogical universities faculties of physical education.
I. Explanatory note.
One of the urgent tasks modern school is the formation of a comprehensively developed personality with a high level of general culture and capable of self-realization of physical and spiritual forces for the benefit of oneself and society. Life itself requires the introduction into the practice of the work of educational institutions of a set of measures aimed at timely provision of adequate conditions for each child to age and his psycho-physical condition for the development and formation of a full-fledged personality, including adaptive physical education. Increasing social and pedagogical significance is acquiring methods of working with children with various deviations in health. It is necessary to build a pedagogical process, knowing the state of health, physical, mental, personal characteristics of such children.
This physical education work program for students of special medical groups was developed in accordance with the Federal Laws:
"On Education in the Russian Federation" dated September 1, 2013 No. 273-FZ; and the following regulatory documents:
- Decree of the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189 “On Approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in General Educational Institutions”;
- Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2010 No. 2106 “On Approval federal requirements to educational institutions in terms of protecting the health of students and pupils;
- by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 30.08. 2010 No. 889 “On Amendments to the Federal Basic Plan and Exemplary Plans for Educational Institutions of the Russian Federation Implementing General Education Programs;
- letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated May 30, 2012 No. MD-583/19 on the methodological recommendations "Medical and pedagogical control over the organization of physical education classes for students with a deviation in the state of health";
- letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2003 No. 13-15-51-263/123 "On the assessment and certification of students assigned to a special medical group for physical education for health reasons."
- letter of the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated September 13, 2010 No. YuN-02 09 / 4912 dated September 7, 2010 No. IK-1374/19 “O guidelines on the use of sports facilities as interscholastic centers for school lessons physical culture and out-of-school sports work”;
- letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 08.10.2010 No. IK 1494/19 “On the introduction of the third hour of physical culture”;
- Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education of 06.10.2009 No. 373 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 31.12.2015 No. 1576);
- Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education of December 17, 2010 No. 1897 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 1577);
- Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education dated October 06, 2009 No. 413 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2015 No. 1578). compiled on the basis of the author's program. Working program “Physical culture. Grades 1-4" based on the author's program "Physical Education" B.B. Egorova, Yu.E. Peresadina(Educational system "School 2100". Approximate basic educational program.
- Book 2. Programs of individual subjects, courses for elementary school. Moscow. Balass 2011). Physical Culture. Grades 5-7 Edited M.Ya. Vilensky. Textbook for educational institutions. IN AND. Lyakh, A.A. Zdanevich. Physical Culture. 8-9 grades. Under total ed. IN AND. Lyakha IN AND. Lyakh, A.A. Zdanevich.. V. I Lyakh. A.A. Zdanevich. Physical Culture. 10-11 grades.
This program determines the content of the subject "Physical Education" for students in grades 1-11 of general education schools, who are included in special medical groups for medical reasons, and can be recommended for conducting physical education classes with other children with health problems.
Purpose of the program: develop a system for including technical elements and certain techniques of sambo wrestling in the structure of the physical education subject for students in grades 1-11 of general education schools who, for medical reasons, are included in special medical groups or adaptive physical education groups for children with health problems.
It guarantees the provision of an educational standard and the provision of equal opportunities and high quality of physical education classes for students of both basic and special medical groups. It is assumed that the program contributes to providing motivation and the need for physical education, increasing the motor activity of students with disabilities in the state of health, improving the physical education of students in educational institutions.
The program involves solving the following tasks:
- To develop a systematic approach to the use of sambo wrestling techniques and methods in physical education classes with students of both special medical and main groups.
- To develop a system for combining the physical training of students using elements and certain techniques of sambo wrestling and medical control and accompanying the educational training process, taking into account the typological characteristics of the child.
- Strengthening and maintaining the health of schoolchildren, enhancing the health-improving effect as a result of using elements of sambo wrestling as physical exercises designed for students who, according to medical indications, are included in special medical groups or groups of adaptive physical culture for children with health problems.
- Solving medical problems of restoration, maintaining physical condition, increasing the physical performance of schoolchildren;
- Development of physical qualities and motor abilities of students;
- Raising a caring attitude to one's health and inculcating healthy lifestyle habits in schoolchildren.
The program is based on principle health-improving orientation, which provides with the help of physical culture:
- compensate for the shortcomings of motor activity in students;
- improve the functionality of the body, increase its performance and resistance to adverse effects.
Novelty of this program is determined by a special combination of the tasks of physical training of students using elements and certain techniques of sambo wrestling and the tasks of medical control and support of the educational training process, taking into account the typological characteristics of the child: physiometric indicators, genetic, physiological, psychological.
In structure of the program, the following sections are distinguished: explanatory note, general characteristics of the subject, description of the place of the subject in the curriculum, special medical groups in the system of teaching physical culture, proposed health complexes, content of the subject and material technical support educational process carried out at the course "Physical culture".
The program is oriented at the first stage - to identify students' deviations in the state of health; at the second stage - to involve schoolchildren in the pedagogical process; at the third stage - on the positive impact of physical exercises on the health of the child.
Pedagogical expediency of the program consists in the fact that it helps students to reveal their physical abilities, improve their health, cultivate moral and volitional qualities, and gain some concepts from the field of anatomy, physiology, hygiene and medicine.
II. General characteristics of the subject.
The work program for "Physical Education 1-11 classes provides for 72 hours in each class. Of these, 3 hours for the section "Knowledge of physical culture", 3 hours for the section "Methods of physical activity", 2 hours for the section "Physical and recreational activities". In the section "Physical improvement" 58 hours in grade 1, and 60 hours in grades 2-11 (first part). In the second part 34 hours.
III. Description of the place of the subject in the curriculum.
Physical education is represented by the subject "Physical Education", which is a mandatory part of the Exemplary Curriculum for Primary General Education, for which 405 hours are allocated, of which - 99 hours (3 hours per week, 33 academic weeks), from grades 2 to 4 - 102 hours per year (3 hours per week, 34 teaching weeks).
At the level of basic general education of grades 5-9, and at the level of secondary general education of grades 10-11, -102 hours are allotted for study annually (3 hours per week, 34 academic weeks).
3.1 Planned subject results at the level of primary general education.
The student must be able to:
- navigate in the concepts of "Physical culture", "daily routine"; characterize the appointment of health-improving morning exercises and physical exercises;
- reveal the positive impact of recreational activities on the health of the student;
- to carry out health-improving complexes;
- measure indicators of physical development (height and body weight) and determine the degree of physical fitness (strength, endurance, agility, speed and flexibility) using test exercises.
The student must learn:
- keep a diary of self-control (starting from grade 3);
- keep records of the dynamics of the main indicators of physical development and physical fitness (starting from grade 3);
3.2 The main criteria for evaluating the activities of students of primary general education.
Main evaluation criteria
- knowledge about physical culture (differentiated survey, test);
- self-implementation of health-improving exercises and complexes.
3.3 Planned subject results at the level of basic general education.
Be able to:
- develop and compose independent classes of a health-improving, corrective orientation;
- select the load taking into account their medical indications about deviations in health;
- perform test exercises to assess the level of individual development of basic physical qualities.
Learn to:
- talk and discuss the theoretical material covered;
- keep a diary, include data on monitoring the dynamics of physical development;
- to conduct the preparatory and final parts of the lesson or classes with a health-improving orientation;
- perform sets of exercises of therapeutic physical culture, taking into account the existing individual deviations in health indicators.
3.4 The main criteria for evaluating the activities of students of basic general education .
Main evaluation criteria activities of students with health problems:
- knowledge about physical culture (differentiated survey, test, abstract);
- independent development and demonstration of health-improving complexes (imitation, preparatory, special exercises), technical actions and techniques of sambo wrestling in parts.
3.5 Planned subject results at the level of secondary basic general education.
Be able to:
- determine the impact of health-improving systems of physical education on health promotion, disease prevention;
- compose and implement health-improving complexes of therapeutic physical culture;
- perform sets of exercises of various health-improving systems of physical education.
Learn to:
- independently organize and implement physical culture activity for individual and collective leisure;
- to conduct the main part of the lesson with a health-improving orientation;
- carry out measures to correct individual indicators of health, mental and physical performance, physical development and physical qualities.
3.6 The main criteria for evaluating the activities of students of the secondary basic general education.
Main evaluation criteria activities of students with health problems:
- knowledge about physical culture (differentiated survey, test, essay, project work);
- independent development and demonstration of complexes (imitation, preparatory, special exercises), technical actions and techniques of sambo wrestling;
- individual growth of physical abilities and expansion of the functional capabilities of the student.
3.7. Evaluation and final certification of students of a special medical group.
Assessment and final certification of students of the special medical group "A"
The final mark in physical culture for students in the special medical group "A" is set taking into account theoretical and practical knowledge (motor skills and abilities, the ability to carry out sports and recreational activities), the dynamics of the functional state and physical fitness.
Assessment and final certification of students of the special medical group "B"
Students of the special medical group "B" on the basis of the provided certificate of the established form ( Attachment 1) issued by a medical institution on the completion of a course of exercise therapy (therapeutic physical culture), are evaluated in an educational institution in the sections: "Fundamentals of theoretical knowledge" in the form of an oral survey or writing essays and projects. "Practical skills and abilities" in the form of a demonstration of exercise therapy complexes, mastered, according to their disease, in a medical institution, followed by a final certification in the subject "Physical Education".
Certificates of basic general education and secondary (complete) general education must include a mark in physical culture.
IV. Special medical groups in the system of teaching physical culture.
4.1. Organization and work with special medical groups.
Therapeutic physical culture (motor rehabilitation) - is a part of physical culture, which is characterized by the use of physical exercises as a means of treating and restoring body functions that are impaired as a result of diseases, injuries, overwork, and other causes.
Rehabilitation physical culture(motor rehabilitation) provides the fastest and most effective treatment of injuries, restoration or compensation with the help of physical exercises of temporarily lost or reduced motor skills and physical abilities during work or sports activities.
According to the Regulations on medical control over the physical education of the population, all schoolchildren are divided into medical groups for health reasons:
- main- students without deviations in the state of health or with minor deviations, but with good indicators of physical development;
- preparatory- students with minor deviations, with insufficient physical development and physical fitness;
- special- students with significant deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring a significant limitation of physical activity, determined by the curriculum.
In order to implement a differentiated approach, special medical groups (SMG) are divided into two subgroups according to the severity and nature of the diseases of students: BUT» - students with a deviation in health of a reversible nature (weakened due to various diseases); " B» - students with organic, irreversible changes in the organs and systems of the body. When organizing classes of students of the special medical group "A" and " B» should take into account their age and form of the disease.
4.2 . The following groups of diseases are distinguished, on the basis of which students are assigned to a special medical group.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system. The causes of diseases of the cardiovascular system are a decrease in motor activity, a significant number of stresses, the use of harmful substances, and overeating. A huge variety of diseases of the cardiovascular system can be divided into three groups:
1. Congenital. They can be caused by both genetic changes and violations of the conditions for the development of the fetus.
2. Rheumatic. Most often they are the result of rheumatism with a violation of the normal functioning of the connective tissue.
3. Diseases associated with impaired regulation of blood circulation. Basically, they reflect violations in the functioning of blood vessels - both the entire vascular system and its departments. The most frequent manifestations of this group of diseases are changes in vascular tone or a decrease in the lumen of the vascular bed.
Such deviations are based on a violation of the nervous or hormonal regulation of vascular tone, in metabolism, changes in blood clotting, impaired elasticity and permeability of blood vessels, etc.
Regular exercises of exercise therapy provide training of the patient's heart muscle, accompanied by an improvement in its trophism, the index of myocardial blood circulation increases, the activity of the heart improves, it becomes more economical. This is reflected in a gradual decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.
It should be especially taken into account when selecting exercises for various types. dystonia.
So, in the cardiac and hypertensive types, preference should be given to exercises that provide muscle relaxation, reduce the flow of impulses to the central nervous system and thereby lower the level of its excitability (breathing exercises with prolonged exhalation and relaxation). With a hypotensive type of dystonia, gymnastics should be selected mainly of a speed-strength nature; it is they who create the greatest flow of impulses in the central nervous system, increasing its excitability: exercises with a rope. With light weights (dumbbells, pancakes from the barbell, stuffed balls, rubber (bandages, tourniquets). ( Appendix 2 A.B )
Arterial hypertension (hypertension). Hypertonic disease - This is a chronic disease in which blood pressure exceeds the normal range.
The main means of exercise therapy for hypertension are cyclic exercises performed in an aerobic mode. Maximum and long-term physical exercises contribute to their utilization with the achievement of a hypotonic effect. (Appendix 3 )
Diseases I musculoskeletal system. Deformation of the musculoskeletal system is an extensive group of disorders, expressed in a change in the normal configuration of bones or bone formations.
The classification of deformation distinguishes the following types of deformations of the musculoskeletal system:
Congenital. They can already be in a newborn with a wedge-shaped vertebra, an extra rib, or vice versa, an abnormal development of the bones of the foot, etc.
Rachitic, due to the consequences of rickets.
Traumatic as the consequences of an injury and improper fusion of bone fragments.
With predominant deformations of bone formations, they are divided into:
Posture disorders associated with changes in the configuration of the spine.
Foot disorder.
Posture- the usual posture of a casually standing person. One of the reasons for the violation of posture is the weak physical development of the child. Deviations from normal posture are called her defects. Posture problems can be sagittal and frontal planes.
In the sagittal plane, violations are distinguished with a decrease and increase in the physiological curvature of the spinal column. These include the following: normal, stooped, round-concave, flat, flat-concave back.
A violation of posture in the frontal plane is called scoliosis.
Scoliosis classification. Scoliosis gets its name from the localization of the bend (cervical, thoracic, lumbar).
Types of scoliosis: right-sided, left-sided, figurative. Scoliosis can be simple, complex and total. It can be fixed and non-fixed (for example, when one limb is shortened. Simultaneously with scoliosis, it is usually observed torsion, i.e. twisting, rotation of the spine around a vertical axis.
Acquired scoliosis includes:
- rheumatic, usually occurring suddenly and causing muscle contracture on the healthy side;
- rickets, which are very early manifested by various deformations of the musculoskeletal system; bone softness and muscle weakness, prolonged sitting;
- paralytic, often occur after childhood paralysis, but also with other nervous diseases;
-habitual or static developing on the basis of habitual poor posture. The immediate cause of them may be improperly arranged desks, carrying a briefcase in one hand, etc.
Tasks of exercise therapy for spinal deformities:
Elimination (at low degrees) or stabilization (at high degrees) of deformation;
Formation of the muscular corset of the body with the achievement of functional symmetry of the muscles of the anterior and posterior, right and left parts of the corset;
Educating the correct posture and consolidating the skills of correct everyday behavior while maintaining forced postures for a long time;
General strengthening of the body.
Prevention of spinal deformity includes training the muscular corset and general strengthening of the body.
Various hangings, exercises lying down (on the back, on the chest), sitting, standing, exercises of a power nature are best suited for this. ( Annex 4 A )
With violations of posture and scoliosis, flat feet are quite common as a manifestation of neuromuscular and connective tissue insufficiency.
Arches of the foot. The bones of the metatarsus and tarsus do not lie in the same plane, but form longitudinal arches, convexly facing upwards.
Distinguish five longitudinal arches of the foot, in addition to the longitudinal ones, there are also two transverse arches (tarsal and plush).
flat feet is a flattening of the arches of the foot - transverse, longitudinal or both.
The manifestation of flat feet is a decrease in overall performance (headaches, cramps in the muscles of the foot and lower leg, destruction of intervertebral discs, which leads to the formation of osteochondrosis, especially in the lumbar spine), etc.
There are the following reasons for the development of flat feet:
Congenital - due to improper development of the foot skeleton;
Rachitic - due to softening of the bones of the foot due to a lack of vitamin D in the body;
Paralytic - due to paralysis of the muscles that support the arch of the foot (for example, with polio;
Traumatic - due to a violation of the normal configuration of the bones of the foot, which forms the arch;
Static, the most common - due to the excess (in terms of strength and time) of the load of the arches, in connection with which the arch flattens, and the foot "blurs".
Prevention of flat feet includes training of the calf muscles, anterior and posterior tibial muscles, long extensor fingers, small muscles of the foot.
Best suited for this are various types of jumps, jumps, i.e. exercises of a speed-strength nature. ( Annex 4 B )
Tasks of exercise therapy for flat feet:
1) increasing the overall and strength endurance of the muscles that form the arches of the foot;
2) improvement of physical performance and overall strengthening of the body.
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Classification of diseases of the respiratory system The nature and nature of the development of all diseases of the respiratory system can be divided into infectious-inflammatory, allergic and infectious-allergic. In various diseases of the respiratory apparatus, its function is disturbed, as a result of which respiratory failure develops, the nature of which is caused both by changes in the mechanisms of external respiration and outside it. In particular, the following should be mentioned.
Change in the function of external respiration may occur due to limited mobility of the chest and lungs, a decrease in the respiratory surface of the lungs (with pneumonia, emphysema, tumors, etc.), deterioration in the elasticity of the lung tissue, impaired regulation of breathing and blood circulation in the lungs, etc.
Restricted chest and lung mobility occurs as a result of weakness of the respiratory muscles and damage to the nerves innervating it, inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy), accumulation of exudate (effusion) in the pleural cavity, the formation of pleural adhesions, deformities of the chest and spine, etc.
Airway obstruction may be associated with spasm of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles (bronchial asthma), with inflammatory processes with the formation of copious sputum (bronchitis), compression of the airways by tumors or cicatricial adhesions, etc.
Decreased diffusing capacity of the lungs occur with structural changes in the alveolar-capillary membranes, due to which less oxygen enters the blood from the alveolar air, and CO 2 from the alveolar air from the blood.
Changes in the regulation of respiration occur when the central regulation is disturbed and with changes in interoreceptors that provide reflex regulation of respiration.
Changes in the pulmonary circulation are the result of congestion in the pulmonary circulation or sclerotic changes.
During motor activity, chemical compounds are formed in the working muscles, which, through reflex and humoral mechanisms, affect the activity of respiration, which is expressed in increased ventilation and gas exchange, aimed at ensuring the work itself. At the same time, coordinated changes occur in the state of other body systems, in particular, in the cardiovascular apparatus. Such consistency is so perfect that the value of the maximum oxygen consumption, which determines the functional capabilities of breathing, is the main indicator by which not only the physical performance of the body is assessed, but also the level of human health.
Tasks of exercise therapy for respiratory diseases:
Restoration of the regulation of respiration and its adaptive restructuring to ensure the viability of the organism.
exercise therapy contributes to the fastest recovery of the patient, trains the activity of the main systems, prevents the formation of pulmonary scars and adhesions, activates blood and lymph circulation in the lungs, promotes the resorption of inflammatory exudate, restores the normal structure of breathing and teaches the patient to control it arbitrarily. It helps to restore the uniformity of ventilation, improves alveolar-capillary relationships, restores the compliance of pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary blood flow, and improves the diffusion of gases in the lungs.
From funds Exercise therapy in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, breathing exercises are widely used. ( Appendix 5 ).
Diseases of the organs of vision.
Of the variety of types of visual impairment, the most common is myopia.
Nearsightedness (myopia) - a visual impairment in which parallel rays coming from distant objects are connected in front of the retina.
Myopia is the most common refractive error; normal refraction of rays passing through the refractive media of the eye. The image of objects with myopia is not on the retina, but in front of it, so the image itself is blurry.
Most often, the occurrence of myopia depends on hereditary factors and environmental conditions. However, the dominantly inherited myopia gene realizes its action only under the influence of adverse environmental conditions or when interacting with other genes.
A certain role in the appearance of myopia is played by the age of the student, but also by a sharply increased load on the visual apparatus (phone, computer), and a decrease in immunity.
In addition to these risk factors for the development of myopia, there are other causes of morphological, metabolic, behavioral, etc. character, the main ones being:
Increased intraocular pressure and extensibility of the sclera (shell of the eyeball);
Birth injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord;
Diseases of the nasopharynx and oral cavity: tonsillitis, sinusitis, adenoids;
Allergic and infectious diseases- measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, etc.;
Violation of the musculoskeletal system: flat feet, scoliosis, etc.
Means of exercise therapy with myopia include restorative and special types of physical exercises. As for the first, these are any means of cyclic, gymnastic, hardening, etc. character.
Since the weakening of the eye muscles contributes to the development of myopia, this deficiency requires the use of special exercises. These exercises include a complex. ( Appendix 6 )
Diseases of the endocrine system (metabolism).
The main causes of metabolic disorders are the following circumstances:
1) low physical activity;
2) disturbed environment;
3) poor nutrition;
4) high physical overload;
5) endemic factors, etc.
Indispensable importance in the development of metabolic disorders is played by heredity.
Metabolic disorders are most often associated with changes in its neurohumoral regulation. First of all, this concerns the endocrine glands, which clearly reacts to the circumstances of human life (nutrition, motor activity, mental overload), respectively, change their activity in the production of hormones. In turn, it is hormones that regulate the finest metabolic processes at the level of cells and cellular inclusions. It is no coincidence, therefore, that almost every type of metabolic disorder is associated with certain disorders in the activity of one or another internal secretion.
The use of physical exercises is a directed change in the metabolism of tissues and organs, regionally associated with the corresponding muscles or muscle groups. At the same time, subtle changes in the redox processes of tissues under the influence of muscle work and the normalization of metabolism at the cellular and subcellular levels are of paramount importance. Ultimately, local trophic changes cause general shifts in the metabolism of the whole organism as a whole due to the changing state of regulation of physical functions under the influence of physical exercises, the level of lymph and blood supply, as well as the normalization of the endocrine system.
With systematic exercise, the body selectively reacts to the assimilation of various substances entering it: it rejects and does not utilize unnecessary and harmful ones and assimilates those that its metabolism needs at a given time. ( Appendix 7 A, B )
Diabetes mellitus (diabetes disease) - an endocrine disease associated with absolute or relative insulin deficiency with metabolic disorders, mainly carbohydrate.
In most cases, diabetes mellitus has a genetically determined origin, which can manifest itself both in a violation of the synthesis and release of insulin, and in a change in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin or its destruction by tissue antagonists.
Hereditary predisposition is of undoubted importance in the development of diabetes, however, it is realized only under a combination of certain conditions, the main ones being a lack of movement, a growing standard of living, and excessive and irrational nutrition.
In the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, insulin deficiency is most often the main factor, which leads to a violation of carbohydrate, protein, fat and water-mineral metabolism, since insulin is a hormone that affects all aspects of metabolism.
Deep biochemical disorders of metabolic processes ultimately lead to severe damage to the patient's internal organs and nervous system. Diabetes is often combined with an increase in blood cholesterol, a decrease in the functions of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands, metabolic disorders, heart disease, gout, osteochondrosis, obesity, exacerbations in the respiratory system, etc. Often there are point hemorrhages associated with rupture of blood vessels, including those in the vascular system of the eye. Fermentation of excess carbohydrates is activated in the intestine and the biochemical environment changes, which leads to suppression of the intestinal flora and putrefaction of proteins.
Physical exercises in diabetes mellitus normalize redox processes, which lead to an increase in compensatory changes in metabolism.
Tasks of exercise therapy in diabetes mellitus:
1) stimulation of insulin production and increase in the level of its activity;
2) adaptation of the patient to insulin deficiency and increasing the body's resistance to carbohydrates;
3) normalization of metabolic processes in the body;
4) increase in the general and professional working capacity of the patient.
The most effective means of exercise therapy in diabetes mellitus is a moderate intensity muscle load, which involves medium and large muscles with a significant number of repetitions. With such work per unit of time, the energy expenditure of the body is small, however, due to the long time of the exercise, the total energy consumption is significant. Aerobic mode of work promotes adequate absorption of glucose from the blood and its complete combustion in the muscles with a decrease in blood sugar.
Obesity- a disease characterized by increased deposition of fat and overweight. Excess body weight due to body fat is a serious violation in the state of the body, which, in turn, provokes a number of other adverse health consequences:
1. Metabolic disease, the consequences of which are:
Atherosclerosis;
Diabetes;
Diseases of the liver, which, as the main regulator of fat metabolism, cannot cope with excess fatty acids;
Varicose veins.
2. Heart disorders because the heart has to provide blood to a large mass of tissues.
3. Violations of the activity of internal organs. Fat mass accumulates in various parts of the body. Most of all, it accumulates in the subcutaneous tissue and in the abdominal cavity (in special organs - omentums, directly on the heart, stomachs, intestines, etc.). As a result, the work of these organs, which are subjected to external pressure by a large inert mass, is noticeably difficult.
4. Fat in the body is a septic tank. In a person with a normal body weight, these toxins leave the body, and in an obese person, they accumulate in body fat, creating a constant background of the concentration of toxins in all tissues.
5. External aesthetic unattractiveness.
exercise therapy for obesity.
The intensification of metabolic processes due to increased energy consumption during exercise is primarily manifested in changes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Tasks of exercise therapy for obesity:
1) improvement and normalization of metabolism, in particular fat metabolism;
2) normalization of physical development and physical fitness;
3) reduction of excess weight;
4) normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive systems and other body systems disturbed by obesity, and restoration on this basis of the body's adaptation to physical stress;
5) improving the overall level of health.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
The causes of diseases of the digestive system are complex and diverse. There is no doubt hereditary predisposition, improper diet and diet, food poisoning, poor-quality products and poor processing, but also mental stress, stressful situations, bad habits.
The most common diseases of the digestive system are:
Changes in the mucous membrane caused by the inflammatory process;
Ulcer formation (as a result of mucosal defects);
Other mucosal changes (tumors, diverticula, polyps);
Violations of secretion and resorption processes;
Violations of innervation and the process of passing food slurry;
bleeding;
Damage, infringement (during the formation of a hernia);
Violations of the regulation process (the so-called functional diseases that do not cause organic changes).
Most of these diseases and disorders can be acute or become chronic, appear once or cause relapses, i.e. constantly repeat.
Physical exercises are a necessary means of preventing and treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as they have a beneficial effect on the patient's body, normalizing its general regimen and helping to improve impaired functions.
Under the influence of short loads of low and medium intensity, the excitability of the cortex increases hemispheres, the tonic activity of the sympathetic nervous system increases, the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract increases, the activity of the food center is also stimulated, which affects the autonomic functions, in particular the condition of the liver and the tone of the muscles of the gallbladder.
Loads of moderate and medium intensity normalize the enzyme-forming function of the gastrointestinal tract, absorption processes and motility.
Of no small importance in the beneficial effect of muscular work on digestion belongs to changes in the blood supply to the abdominal organs, which ensures the normalization of the trophism of its organs, the elimination of congestion, the subsidence of inflammatory processes and the acceleration of regenerative processes in the digestive organs (in cases of manifestation of the walls of the stomach and intestines).
Of particular importance are physical exercises for the timely passage of food and feces through various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to this, the digestive function of enzymes is fully manifested and the nutrients that have reached the required level of digestion are absorbed in the corresponding departments. In addition, maintaining normal gastrointestinal motility through exercise prevents the possibility of stagnation of feces, defecation disorders, flatulence, and other changes in the digestive process.
Attention in the functional therapy of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is attracted by health jogging. It has been proven that it can be successfully used in such pathologies as gastritis, spastic colic, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, biliary dyskinesia, etc. Thus, the vibration of internal organs that occurs during running significantly improves the function of the digestive organs. Increased hepatic blood flow and deep forced breathing while running, which is an excellent massage for the liver, improves its function and helps to eliminate hepatic pain syndrome.
Normalization of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex as a result of physical training is of no small importance for the treatment of peptic ulcer.
Running is an effective treatment for spastic colitis. As a result of intestinal vibration and the release of magnesium salts into its lumen, peristalsis sharply increases and drainage function disorders are restored. ( Appendix 8 A, B)
Gastritis.
Gastritis is a lesion of the gastric mucosa of a predominantly inflammatory nature in acute development and dystrophic in chronic, leading to changes in the mucous membrane, to a violation of the motor and secretory functions of the stomach. At the same time, other digestive organs often suffer - the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, as well as the liver and organs of the endocrine system.
Tasks of exercise therapy:
1) normalization of gastric juice secretion;
2) reduction of pain and inflammation;
3) improving blood circulation in the abdominal cavity and creating favorable conditions for regenerative processes;
4) improvement of trophism of the gastric mucosa;
5) normalization of the mental state of the patient.
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system.
It has been established that the development of peptic ulcer in to a large extent contribute to a variety of lesions of the nervous system (acute mental trauma, physical and especially mental overstrain, various nervous diseases). Violations of cortico-visceral relationships arising under the influence of emotional, physical and mental overloads are accompanied by changes in the production of digestive hormones, as well as in the metabolism of histamine and serotonite, under the influence of which the activity of the acid-peptic factor increases.
exercise therapy plays essential role in the treatment of peptic ulcer, contribute to:
1) normalization of the activity of the central nervous system, restoration of disturbed cortico-visceral connections and normalization of emotional tone;
2) stimulation of trophic processes;
3) reduction and elimination of painful and inflammatory local phenomena;
4) improvement of regenerative processes in the wall of the stomach and in the duodenum;
5) normalization of the production of digestive juices;
6) elimination of dyskinesia of the gastrointestinal tract.
With this disease, it is necessary to include exercises for the abdominal muscles in combination with breathing exercises, walking, calm games and relay races.
It is advisable to complete medical groups by class ( 1-2, 3-4, 5-9, 10-11 ). In case of insufficient number of students, students of three or four grades should be united (1-4, 5-8, 9-11 ). Occupancy of the special group " BUT» may be 15-20 children.
Physical education classes for students of a special medical group " BUT» are held in an educational institution in accordance with the programs of physical education for students with disabilities.
Complete a special medical group " B necessary, on the degree and nature of the disease. The size of this group can be 4-8 human. Physical education classes for students in a special medical group " B» are conducted according to specially designed programs, where differentiated loads should be used in the lessons. Classes should be held in a medical institution (children's clinic, medical and physical education dispensary, or a sanatorium, where there is a special room for classes with a medical group, etc.). If there is permission from a medical institution, then lessons with such groups can be held in educational schools, youth sports schools and other sports organizations.
The division into groups is a factor that determines the mode of training. At the same time, the most accessible criterion for the selection of physical activity can serve: pulse mode, coloring of the skin of the face and neck, sweating, smell, breathing pattern, facial expressions, movement pattern and attention. The effect of physical exercises is determined primarily by the content. The content of physical exercises determines their health-improving value, educational role, and influence on the personality.
Wellness value. Performing physical exercises causes adaptive morphological and functional changes in the body, which is reflected in the improvement of health indicators and in many cases has a therapeutic effect.
4.3 Principles, methods, means and forms of classes.
The process of physical education in exercise therapy lessons should be based on general principles : a) consciousness and activity; b) visibility; c) accessibility and individualization; d) systematic; e) progression (dynamics).
The following methods can be used in these lessons: frontal, group, individual and circular.
Physical therapy lessons can be divided into two groups: regular and non-scheduled.
To lesson forms include lessons: conducted by a teacher in physical education for government programs in the groups BUT where physical education is a compulsory subject. The main feature of the lessons is their educational and health-improving and educational orientation. The out-of-hours include: classes carried out in the daily routine (“small” forms), characterized by a short physical exercise: morning exercises, introductory gymnastics, physical education pause, physical education minute, micropause. And lessons conducted by an instructor-methodist or doctor in groups " B”, are solved health-improving and rehabilitation character. For medical and major groups, the form of physical exercise has a characteristic structure, in which three parts are more or less clearly expressed: the first part is “preparatory”, the second is “main” and the third is “final”. In terms of direction, these are healing lessons.
There are the following types of accounting in medical groups: preliminary (before the organization of the pedagogical process), current (continuous in the process of work, from lesson to lesson) and final (at the end of a period of work, for example, an academic year).
Dose physical activity in the classroom- it is necessary to strictly regulate its volume and intensity.
Volume the load should be determined by the number of exercises performed, the time spent in the classroom, the footage of the distance covered (distance) and other indicators.
Intensity l should be characterized in the lesson by indicators of the pace and speed of movements, acceleration, heart rate, etc. The ratio between them when performing physical exercises is an inverse relationship: the greater the amount of load, the less its intensity, and vice versa. By the nature of muscle work, loads can be standard and variable. The action of the load is the reaction of the body to the work done. Its indicators are the heart rate (HR) and external signs students' fatigue (dyspnea, sweating, attention, etc.).
Evaluate the quality of the lesson will help conduct pulsometry. According to the pulse indicators, the reaction of the cardiovascular system to the load is determined, as well as the dynamics of the pulse throughout the entire session (load curve). The analysis of these data allows us to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of the loads. By the height of the curve, one can conditionally judge the intensity of the load, and by the size of the area between the curve and the projection from the initial pulse, it can be judged about its volume. (Appendix 9).
V. The content of the subject.
5.1 Distribution of program material for grades 1-4 .
Program Sections | 1st |
2nd |
3rd |
4th |
Part I - 270 hours |
||||
Health complexes: |
||||
With diseases of the cardiovascular system |
||||
II part - 135 h. |
||||
Sports wrestling sambo |
||||
Physical training |
||||
Technique - tactical |
||||
Outdoor games |
||||
Total: 405 |
№ |
Topic name |
Summary Topics |
Physical Culture - important tool physical development and promotion of human health |
The concept of physical culture and sports. Forms of physical culture. Physical culture as a means of educating diligence, organization, will and vital skills and abilities. |
|
Personal and public hygiene |
The concept of hygiene and sanitation. Body care. Hygienic requirements for clothing and footwear. Hygiene of sports facilities. |
|
Hardening of the body.. |
Hardening and the basic rules of hardening. Hardening by air, water, sun. |
5.3 Ways of motor (physical) activity.
Self-study.
Fulfill:
- a set of exercises developed with the recommendation of a doctor, taking into account the individual state of health and the nature of the course of the disease;
- perform health-improving complexes, technical actions and techniques;
- conduct wellness classes in the daily routine (morning exercises, physical education).
News:
- diary of self-control;
- measure heart rate during exercise;
- monitor your breathing and maintain correct posture.
Fulfill:
- complexes of physical exercises for morning exercises, physical exercises;
Perform complexes :
- for students
- for students
- for students
- for students
- for students
- for students
General training. Varieties of walking, running. Jumping. outdoor switchgear without objects, with objects, in motion, in a circle, in checkerboard pattern, with a partner.
(learning techniques in parts)
Outdoor games. Educational games. Games (to activate attention and increase emotional recovery). For example: the game "Class". Acrobatic relay races with somersaults forward, backward, sideways (from a prone position, on all fours). Games for learning the technique of techniques in parts in the fight.
5.4. Distribution of program material for grades 5-9.
Program Sections |
5th |
6th |
7th |
8th |
9th |
Part I - 270 hours |
|||||
Knowledge about physical culture |
|||||
Ways of physical activity |
|||||
Physical improvement - 246 hours. |
|||||
1. Physical culture and health-improving activity - 8 hours |
|||||
2. Therapeutic and recreational activities - 238 hours |
|||||
Health complexes: |
|||||
With diseases of the respiratory system; |
|||||
With diseases of the circulatory system |
|||||
With diseases of the digestive system and urinary system |
|||||
With diseases of the musculoskeletal system and organs of vision. |
|||||
With diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems |
|||||
II part - 135 h. |
|||||
Sports wrestling sambo |
|||||
Physical training |
|||||
general, special |
|||||
Technique-tactical |
|||||
Outdoor games with elements of sports: gymnastics, athletics, acrobatics |
|||||
Total: 405 |
5.5. The content of the course of knowledge about physical culture.
№ | Topic name |
Summary of the topic |
The origin and development of sambo |
History of sambo |
|
The best athletes and the strongest teams of the World, Europe and Russia |
Champions and prize-winners of the World, Europe and Russia |
|
General characteristics of sambo lessons |
The concept of sambo wrestling lessons. Their goals and objectives and main content. General, special and technical-tactical training in the classroom |
5.6. Methods of motor (physical culture) activity.
Self-study.
Fulfill :
- a set of exercises for the preparatory part of the lesson;
- a set of exercises for the final part of the lesson;
- a set of exercises lagging behind in their development of physical quality (strength, endurance, agility, speed and flexibility);
- health-improving complexes, technical actions and techniques.
Self-monitoring of physical development and physical fitness
News:
- a notebook for the dynamics of the main indicators of physical development and physical fitness;
- measure indicators of physical development (height and body weight) and physical fitness (strength, endurance, agility, speed and flexibility) using test exercises;
- systematic monitoring of the dynamics of indicators.
- measurement of heart rate during exercise.
Physical improvement. Physical culture and health-improving activity.
Fulfill:
- complexes of physical exercises for morning exercises, physical education minutes;
- sets of exercises for the development of physical qualities.
Therapeutic and recreational activities.
Perform complexes:
- with diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- with diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
- with diseases of the respiratory system;
- with diseases of the organs of vision;
- with diseases of the endocrine system;
- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Sports and recreation activities.
General training. A variety of walking, running. Jumping. Outdoor switchgear without objects, with objects, in motion, in a circle, in a checkerboard pattern, with a partner.
ORU complexes on the gymnastic bench, on the gymnastic wall.
Special training(self-insurance and insurance).
Technical and tactical training(learning new and improving the learned techniques in parts).
Outdoor games for the development and improvement of physical qualities: strength, speed, dexterity, endurance. Acrobatic relay races. Games for learning the technique of techniques in parts in the fight.
5.7. Distribution of program material for grades 10-11 .
11th |
||
Part I - 270 hours |
||
Knowledge of physical culture - |
||
Ways of physical activity. |
||
Physical improvement - 246 hours. |
||
1. Physical culture and health-improving activity - 8 hours |
||
2. Therapeutic and recreational activities - 238 hours |
||
Health complexes: |
||
With diseases of the respiratory system; |
||
With diseases of the circulatory system |
||
With diseases of the digestive system and urinary system |
||
With diseases of the cardiovascular system |
||
With diseases of the musculoskeletal system and organs of vision. |
||
With diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems |
||
II part - 135 h. |
||
Sports wrestling sambo |
||
Physical training |
||
general, special |
||
Technique - tactical |
||
Carpet games |
||
Total: 405 |
5.8. The content of the course of knowledge about physical culture.
№ | Topic name |
Summary of the topic |
Fundamentals of sambo wrestling technique and tactics |
Basic concepts of technical actions: movements, grips, types of holds, painful holds and throws. |
|
General and special training of a wrestler |
Strengthening the health and comprehensive development of the student through the use of general preparatory and special exercises. |
|
Rules for sambo wrestling competitions |
Goals, objectives and significance of the competition. Types of competitions. Organization of competitions. Competitors, their rights and obligations. Prohibited tricks. Age groups and weight categories. |
5.9. Methods of motor (physical culture) activity.
Self-study.
Compose individual complexes of physical exercises of various directions and nature of the disease. Plans summaries of individual lessons.
Self-monitoring of physical development and physical fitness.
The student must determine the levels of individual physical development and motor fitness, determine the dosage of physical activity and the direction of the impact of physical exercises on their health.
Physical improvement. Physical culture and health-improving activity.
Health-improving forms of classes before school, during the day after class and during the school week. Individual complexes of general developmental, preparatory simulation exercises.
Therapeutic and recreational activities.
Perform complexes:
- with diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- with diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
- with diseases of the respiratory system;
- with diseases of the organs of vision;
- with diseases of the endocrine system;
- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Sports and recreation activities.
General preparation. A variety of walking, running. Jumping. Outdoor switchgear with objects, without objects and with a partner.
ORU complexes on the gymnastic bench, on the gymnastic wall, in pairs.
Special training(self-insurance and insurance, wrestler's special exercises).
Technical and tactical training(the study of techniques in general).
Outdoor games. Carpet games.
Outdoor games.
Outdoor games for the development and improvement of physical qualities:
1. Games for the development of strength. They include pulling (rope, gymnastic sticks), pulling out (from grips, various objects), holding (various objects from an opponent), pushing (out of a circle, square), tilts, squats, push-ups, lifts, turns left and right with weights.
2. Games for the development of speed. They include accelerations, stops.
3. Games for the development of dexterity. In these games, precise coordination and physical dexterity must be shown.
4. Games for the development of endurance. They represent continuous and continuous activity.
On the material of gymnastics and acrobatics: game tasks with the use of drill exercises, exercises for attention and the development of physical qualities (flexibility, strength, dexterity, coordination, speed).
On the material of athletics: jumping, running, throwing, throws and the development of physical qualities (speed, agility, strength, endurance).
Control standards
№ | Regulations |
with diseases of the cardiovascular system |
|||
Headstand (sec) |
|||||
Jump rope (sec) |
|||||
Flexion and extension of the arms in the lying position |
|||||
500 meters run (min) |
Without regard to time |
||||
Regulations |
with diseases of the musculoskeletal system |
||||
Hanging on the bar (back straight) for time (sec) |
|||||
Standing long jump (cm) |
|||||
Shuttle run 3x10 m (sec) |
|||||
Regulations |
with respiratory diseases |
||||
Breath hold (sec) |
|||||
Breath-hold running (m) |
|||||
Regulations |
with eye diseases |
||||
Throwing a ball at a target (m) |
|||||
Throwing the ball up and catching it (sec) |
|||||
Regulations |
with diseases of the endocrine system |
||||
Lifting the body from a supine position (number of times) 20 sec |
|||||
Position of the rear wrestling bridge (sec) |
|||||
Regulations |
with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract |
||||
Forward bends from a seated position |
|||||
Raising legs from a supine position (number of times) 20 sec |
Depending on the age and severity of the disease, a physical education teacher or instructor-methodologist has the opportunity to increase or decrease the control standards.
1. Knowledge
In order to test knowledge, the following methods are used: survey, conversations, filling out test cards.
- "5" - the student answers the material; correctly, concisely and logically.
- "4" - the answer has small inaccuracies and errors in the answer.
- "3" - there are gaps in the knowledge of theoretical material.
2. Technique of possession of motor skills and abilities.
- "5" - to demonstrate the ability of a sick student to perform any work for a long time, without reducing efficiency.
- "4" - to demonstrate the ability of a sick student to perform any work for a long time, with a decrease in working capacity.
- "3" - to demonstrate the ability of a sick student to perform any work for a short time, with a decrease in working capacity.
When summing up the answers from the section of knowledge, technique of possession of motor skills and skills and control standards, a general assessment is given.
VI. Material and technical support of the educational process carried out at the course "Physical culture".
For lessons with medical groups, the following requirements are imposed on physical education equipment and sports facilities: a) hygienic, b) aesthetic.
- Hygiene requirements - a clean and bright room, it is always cleaned and ventilated.
- Aesthetic requirements - the upper part of the walls are whitewashed, and the lower part of the walls, windows and doors of the wrestling hall are painted in colors that do not irritate students and in which it is pleasant for the teacher to conduct health-improving physical education lessons. exercise therapy.
In this regard, the sanitary and hygienic condition of the places of employment must comply with the established standards.
Safety engineering.
Safety requirements for a sports facility: the hall must be equipped with a fire alarm; have two exits; equipped with a fire extinguisher: the walls in the wrestling hall must be lined with wrestling mats.
Depending on the conditions of medical institutions, educational schools and sports organizations, lessons can be held in adapted premises for wrestling, as well as in school halls (master class, open lessons and classes for a large number of students). (Appendix 10 A, B, C, D, E)
Equipment and inventory.
1. First aid kit medical - 1 | 10. Gymnastic balls - 5 |
2. Wrestling carpet - 1 |
11. Tennis balls - 10 |
3. Gymnastic mats - 10 |
12. Soccer balls - 10 |
4. Gymnastic benches - 3 |
13. Music center - 1 |
5. Gymnastic hoops - 10 |
14. Stuffed balls (1.2.3 kg) - 2-2-2 |
6. Gymnastic sticks - 10 |
15. Crossbars (non-standard) - 3 |
7. Measuring tape (roulette) - 1 |
16. Jump ropes - 10 |
8. Rope for climbing - 1 |
17. Gymnastic walls - 3 |
9. Computer - 1 |
18. Stopwatch - 1 |
Educational and methodical set.
№ | Name of objects and means of material and technical equipment. |
Note |
1. Library fund (printed products) |
||
Standard of basic general education in physical culture. |
The standard for physical culture, exemplary programs, author's work programs are part of the mandatory software and methodological support for the physical education room (gym). |
|
Sample programs for academic subjects. Physical education grades 1-4, grades 5-9, grades 10-11. |
||
Working programs on physical culture. |
||
Textbooks and manuals that are included in the subject line of textbooks. |
Methodical manuals and test control for textbooks are included in the library fund. |
|
Educational, scientific, popular science literature on physical culture and sports, the Olympic movement. |
||
Methodical publications on physical culture for teachers |
||
Federal Law "On Physical Culture and Sports" |
As part of the library fund. |
|
2. Demonstration tutorials. |
||
Tables on the standards of physical development and physical fitness. |
||
Methodological posters |
Sets of posters on the methodology of teaching motor actions in sambo wrestling. Complexes of general developmental, special and imitation exercises. Health complexes. |
Literature.
1. E.Ya. Gatkin Sambo for Beginners. Moscow. Publishing house AST. 2005.
2. V M Geletsky "Theory of physical culture and sports". Tutorial. Krasnoyarsk. 2008.
3. I.M. Korotkov Outdoor games for children. Moscow Publishing house "Soviet Russia". 1987.
5 .Comprehensive program in physical culture. Authors: V.I. Lyakh, A.A. Zdanovich.
6. Pranciskus Eigminas "Learn Sambo". Vilnius University Press. 1980.
7. Wrestling. Yearbook. Moscow. "FiS" 1976, 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984.
8. T. Iwai, T. Kawamura, S. Kaneko. "Judo" Moscow. FIS. 1980.
9. Tumanyan G.S. "Sports Wrestling". Tutorial. Moscow. "FiS". 1985.
10. E.N. Weiner. Healing Fitness. Textbook: Flint, Science; Moscow. 2011.
Internet sites used.
1. www.mon.go.ru - Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
2. www.minsport.gov.ru - Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation.
3. http://sambo.ru/
6. Site www.yotube.com Sambo lessons. Goncharov.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education
"CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
named after V.I. VERNADSKY"
(FGAOU VO "KFU named after V.I. Vernadsky)
Medical College
(structural subdivision)
FGAOU VO "KFU im. IN AND. VERNADSKY
APPROVE
Deputy Director of Education
A.S. Bykov
"____" _____________ 2016
WORKING PROGRAM OF THE DISCIPLINE
OGSE.04 Physical Culture
for students with poor health
Simferopol
Working programm academic discipline developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary vocational education by spe
Organization - developer: College of Medicine (structural subdivision) FGAOU VO “KFU IM. IN AND. VERNADSKY"
Developer:
Yakovleva Anna Valerievna
Higher education teacher
qualified category ____________ A.V. Yakovleva
The program of the discipline was considered at the OMC meeting
Deputy Director for Academic Affairs ___________ A.S. Bykov
The program was approved by the cycle methodological commission "Socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines"
(Minutes No. ____ dated _______________)
Chairman ________________ T.V. Shubin
Attachment 1
1. EXPLANATORY NOTE
The work program of the discipline "Physical Education" for students with poor health is compiled in accordance with the state requirements for a minimum content and training of the graduate in the specialties and on the basis of the work program of the discipline "Physical Education » for students of special and preparatory medical groups.
Physical exercises with students with deviations in health contribute to strengthening the body, increasing its resistance to diseases, positively affect the functions of all body systems in their complex interaction. However, for many students assigned to special and preparatory medical groups, physical culture and sports activities are not an urgent need, they do not cause a stable positive attitude towards the values of physical culture.
The lack of understanding of the importance of motor activity for health promotion and the lack of a positive attitude towards physical culture and sports is a negative problem for this category of students. Passivity in relation to physical culture and health-improving activities is due to three main reasons: its underestimation, serious problems in family and school education, weakness or lack of necessary motivation at all stages age development individual. This leads to the fact that some students have formed an indifferent or negative attitude towards motor activity - one of the main healing factors.
Rational physical exercises, combined with a solid daily regimen, serve as a reliable preventive measure against many diseases, and especially against cardiovascular diseases.
The alternation of physical exercises with mental work provides a quick recovery of working capacity. This is especially important for students, as they have increased fatigue of the body, weakened by various diseases.
For the purpose of a differentiated approach to the organization of physical education lessons, as well as being guided by the Regulations on medical supervision of persons involved in physical culture and sports, all students are divided into three medical groups: basic, preparatory and special, subdivided into groups "A" and "B" ".
To special medical group "A" includes students who have deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring restriction of physical activity, admitted to the performance of educational and educational work, who, after medical and recreational activities, can be transferred to the preparatory group. Physical education classes with them are carried out in educational institutions according to special curricula approved by the TMC and CMC of the college.
To the special medical group "B" enroll students with significant deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, serious chronic diseases that require a significant limitation of physical activity admitted to theoretical training sessions. They are engaged in the exercise therapy room of the local clinic, medical and physical education dispensary, as well as individually in agreement with the attending physician.
aim physical education of students is the formation of physical culture of the individual, the ability to use various means of physical culture for the preservation and promotion of health, psychophysical training and self-training for future professional activities.
For students with impaired health additional goal is the formation of compensatory processes, the correction of existing deviations in the state of health. Students complete only those sections of the program, requirements and tests that are available to them for health reasons.
To achieve this goal, tasks:
1. Increasing and maintaining mental and physical performance and psycho-emotional stability.
2. Formation of a motivational and value attitude to physical culture, attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle and the need for regular physical exercises.
3. The use of physical culture to strengthen and restore health.
4. Providing general and professional-applied physical fitness for the future profession.
5. Teaching the rules of self-selection, compilation and implementation of a set of exercises for morning hygienic gymnastics.
6. Elimination of residual effects after past illnesses with the help of corrective gymnastics.
7. Implementation of medical and pedagogical control and self-control in the course of classes.
8. Mastering vital motor skills, skills and physical qualities.
9. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, a rational regime of work and rest, a full and rational diet.
The program provides for the development intersubject communications with the basics of life safety, biology, physics.
In the process of physical education in the college, the following educational activities are used: training sessions; physical exercises in the daily routine and production activities; independent physical exercises, visiting the elective "Health".
In the "Program of medical examination of persons involved in mass sports and physical education", approved by order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated August 20, 2001, No. 337, in clause 1.2. stated: "The program is mandatory for all medical organizations that monitor the health of people involved in mass sports and physical education, regardless of departmental subordination and organizational and legal form." Paragraph 1.5. notes: “Medical examinations current (selective) are carried out by the decision of the attending physicians throughout the year for operational monitoring of the state of health and the dynamics of adaptation of the body to training loads in order to individualize and increase the effectiveness of physical education and mass sports and rehabilitation events".
After an annual medical examination in a medical and physical education dispensary and on the basis of its results, groups are recruited according to the types of diseases, which is carried out by a medical worker of the technical school, with the obligatory participation of the head of physical education and approved by the director of the technical school. Students study at least once a week according to the college curriculum. Assessment of knowledge and skills of students of these groups is carried out according to a five-point system. Types of practical control tasks for assessing the level of physical fitness of students are determined individually for each student from the list provided by the head of physical education of the college.
Practical classes with students assigned to the preparatory and special medical groups are mainly complex character. When selecting means and methods, the basic principles of physical education are observed: gradualness, systematicity, accessibility, versatility. General developmental and special exercises are used that do not require excessive stress.
For students of a special medical group, the following physical exercises are recommended (with appropriate dosage from the teacher): general developmental exercises that do not require increased physical activity; coordination exercises that do not cause great effort and are not associated with complicated sports equipment; corrective exercises for various purposes; exercises to train and develop proper breathing; exercises for the formation of correct posture; outdoor games of small and medium (at the discretion of the teacher) intensity; elements of sports games (separate ball possession techniques, throws into the "basket", "gate", etc.; volleyball is allowed, including a two-way game of a training nature); light and slow running, alternating with walking when the pace is regulated by the teacher.
The program limits exercises for speed, strength, endurance. Depending on the disease, cyclic sports are included (walking, running in combination with walking, etc.), breathing exercises and relaxation exercises for diseases of the cardiorespiratory system, and for posture disorders (scoliosis) - exercises to strengthen the muscles of the abdomen and trunk (i.e. e. the creation of a muscular corset), the development of correct posture. Exercises with dumbbells, weights in a standing position are excluded.
The lesson consists of three parts: introductory, main and final. The content and duration depend on the nature of the disease, its course and frequency of exacerbations, as well as the functional state. In the introductory part - outdoor switchgear, walking, running, breathing exercises; in the main - exercises specific to this pathology, outdoor games, elements of sports games; the final part is breathing exercises, walking, relaxation exercises, developing the correct posture, etc.
The means of physical culture used in groups differ only in their methodology: different times, the pace of the exercises and their amplitude of movement (walking, running, skiing), the length of the distance, etc.). The main means of physical education are dosed physical exercises depending on the diseases.
In college, students are given time for practical training, one pair and one pair for independent work. Students write down the results of independent work and self-control in diaries. The teacher of physical culture at least once a month checks self-control diaries and uses their data when determining the load. The teacher receives objective data about the state of health of students during medical examinations.
When conducting classes, students included in a special or preparatory medical group are engaged with the main group, subject to prior instruction on the indications and dosage of the exercises. Such students carry out independent physical exercises on the recommendation of a doctor.
An indispensable condition for involving students of a special medical group in physical education classes with the whole group or separately is to establish direct contact between a physical education teacher and medical personnel, first of all, obtaining from the medical staff information about deviations in the state of health of a particular student of a special medical group and relevant recommendations on the use of physical education available to him. exercises. This does not exclude, but, on the contrary, reinforces the need for closer contact between teachers and medical workers as the observance of the basic condition of the physical education process in relation to all students.
The introduction of this practice indicates a humane attitude and increased concern for the health of all students without exception, which is aimed at physical education in general and physical education classes in particular.
Students who receive a certificate from medical institutions on exemption from physical culture after illnesses must be explained that the exemption from classes can only be temporary after an acute illness, since there is no complete exemption from therapeutic physical culture and it is practically indicated for any deviations in the state of health (in remission).
final examination students of special medical groups is carried out in the form of a differentiated test for the theoretical and methodological sections of the program. The condition for admission of certification of students of a special medical group is the fulfillment of mandatory control tasks (exercises, tests) in general and professionally applied physical training (not lower than "satisfactory"), shown during the last semester of study. In the assessment at final certification the level of implementation by the student of the practical and theoretical sections of the program is taken into account throughout the entire period of study.
the concept of a healthy lifestyle and the factors of the positive impact of physical education on strengthening physical health, mental and moral development of a person;
the concept of proper nutrition;
the concept of the forms of motor activity;
methods of self-control;
the basics of organizing individual lessons in corrective gymnastics, their focus, structure, content and load regimen (taking into account individual indicators of health, physical development and physical fitness);
the concept of correct posture;
the concept of rational breathing;
rules for providing first medical aid in case of injuries during physical exercises;
hygienic requirements and safety regulations for physical exercises in the gym and sports ground;
the concept of physical development and physical fitness of a person.
compose and perform sets of exercises for individual health-improving physical culture (morning exercises, posture and physique correction);
perform sets of exercises for the development of the respiratory system (thoracic, abdominal, mixed breathing);
perform sets of exercises to prevent postural disorders and flat feet;
perform sets of exercises for the development of basic physical qualities;
perform available compositions of recreational gymnastics (aerobics);
perform available technical actions and techniques in team sports;
control the amount of physical activity in terms of pulse (heart rate);
perform wellness massage techniques;
perform feasible sets of exercises on simulators, on various sports equipment;
perform available exercises and motor actions from various sports.
Section 1. THEORETICAL
Knowledge requirements.
The student must know: a system of scientific, practical and specialized knowledge necessary for understanding natural and social processes functioning of the physical culture of society and personality.
Skill requirements.
The student must be able to: adapt the acquired knowledge, creatively use them for personal and professional development, self-improvement, a healthy lifestyle when performing studies, professional and socio-cultural activities.
Topic 1.1. Features of organizing and conducting classes with students of a special medical group
The student must know:
Fundamentals of organizing corrective gymnastics classes, their focus, structure, content and load regimen (taking into account individual indicators of health, physical development and physical fitness)
Self-control methods
The student must be able to:
Compose and perform sets of corrective exercises
Independent work:
Work with special literature on your disease
Topic 1.2. Healthy lifestyle and factors of positive influence of physical culture on strengthening physical health, mental and moral development of a person.
The student must know:
components of a healthy lifestyle
human health as a value and factors that determine it
physical self-education and self-improvement in a healthy lifestyle
criteria for the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle.
The student must be able to:
- apply the acquired knowledge to improve the quality and style of life
Independent work:
Preparation of a speech on the eradication of bad habits (smoking, drug and alcohol use) using physical exercises.
Section 2. TRAINING
Knowledge requirements.
The student must know: technology for improving the acquired experience of creative practical activities, developing activities, developing amateur performances in physical culture and sports to increase the level of functional and motor abilities of a person aimed at solving individual and collective interests.
Skill requirements.
The student must be able to: to realize theoretical and methodological knowledge in terms of using various means of physical culture to acquire individual and collective practical experience, to develop and improve their cognitive creative activity in the direction of forming life and professional significant qualities, properties, skills and abilities.
Topic 2.1. Means, methods and forms of physical education
Development and improvement of cognitive creative activity aimed at independent use of the means of physical culture and sports in order to form vitally and professionally significant psychophysical qualities and personality traits. Motor activity and maintaining the optimal level of physical development, motor capabilities. Prevention of occupational diseases. Means, methods and forms of physical education. Improvement of the studied motor actions. Development of the qualities of movements - speed, flexibility, agility, strength and endurance, using physical exercises from various sports: gymnastics, sports games, skiing, swimming, athletics and others. Exercises of professional-applied physical training. Wellness systems, etc.
2.1.1. Athletics
The student must know:
athletics in the system of physical education;
brief information about the development of athletics in Russia;
types of athletics exercises;
program requirements and athletics standards.
The student must be able to:
Perform the low start technique
Perform the high start technique
work with information sources for the study of athletics in the system of physical education;
reading the textbook "Athletics", watching videos of TV shows, sports competitions in athletics with a further classification of types of athletics exercises;
make a diagram of the dynamics of the development of speed-strength qualities during college education.
2.1.2. Gymnastics
The student must know:
rules for regulating physiological load and hygienic conditions for morning exercises
anatomical and physiological principles of development of the human muscular system
safety precautions when performing gymnastic exercises.
The student must be able to:
- perform general developmental exercises (individually, in pairs, groups using various objects)
Perform applied exercises (walking, running, jumping, balance exercises)
Master the basics of OFP and SFP
A set of exercises for 32 counts. Walking with a change in speed, direction of movement. Breathing exercises. Corrective exercises aimed at posture, vision, flat feet, etc.
Independent work of the student:
performing morning exercises with individual selection of exercises;
to study the basic principles of the development of the human muscular system according to the textbook "Physical Culture" by N.V. Reshetnikov, Yu.L. Kislitsyn or other sources;
explore regulations on safety in gymnastics classes, in the gym;
to make complexes of gymnastic exercises taking into account individual development.
Section 3. CONTROL AND EVALUATION
(criteria for the effectiveness of classes)
Knowledge requirements.
The student must know : the basics of pedagogical control, the methodology for processing the information received (questionnaires, testing, tests, exams, etc.), requirements for the level of training in the discipline "physical culture".
Skill requirements.
The student must be able to : to process information material on the degree of mastering theoretical, methodological and practical and educational and training knowledge, skills and abilities in the discipline "Physical Education" in a professional and applied direction; evaluate the effectiveness of the educational process with subsequent adjustment.
CONTROL TASKS FOR ASSESSING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF STUDENTS OF A SPECIAL MEDICAL GROUP
Pull-ups on the crossbar (boys).
Raising the body from a supine position to a sitting position, hands behind the head, legs are fixed (boys and girls).
Flexion and extension of the arms in the lying position (boys) and on a support up to 50 cm high (girls).
Torso forward from a sitting position
4. LITERATURE
4.1. Main literature
1. Bulich E. G. Physical education in special medical groups: Textbook for technical schools. - M., 2000.
2. Butin I. N. Skiing (textbook). - M., 2000.
3. Zhuravin M. P., Menshikova N. K. Gymnastics. - M., 2001.
4. The work program of the academic discipline "Physical Education" for students of the special medical group (SMG) of educational institutions of secondary vocational education. - M., 2004.
5. Reshetnikov N. V., Kislitsin Yu. L. Physical culture. Textbook for students of secondary specialized educational institutions. - M., 2002.
4.2. additional literature
1. Abramova T. B. Health Code. - M., 2001.
2. Bulgakova N. Zh. Swimming. Textbook for high schools. - M., 2001.
3. Temporary guidelines for physical education teachers and medical workers of secondary schools in connection with the introduction of the practice of involving students of a special medical group in physical education classes with the whole class. (Approved by the MKO, the Main Department of Health of Moscow. - L.B. Kofman, L.N. Markov. Agreed: Research Institute of School Hygiene, Research Institute of Age Physiology of the APN. - 1999)
4. Gogulan M. How to be healthy. - M., 2002.
5. Dubrovsky V. I. Therapeutic physical culture. - M., 2001.
6. Leonova O. P. Shaping. Section of the work program for the course "Physical Education" for secondary specialized educational institutions. - M. 2002.
7. Markov VV Fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle and disease prevention. - M., 2000.
10. Handbook of a teacher of physical culture. /Aut. - comp. G. I. Pogadaev. - M., 2000.
11. An exemplary program of physical education lessons for students of the 1st! classes classified for health reasons to a special medical group. (Author's program, Publications in the newspaper "Children's Health", No. 1 and others, 2004)
12. On the evaluation and certification of students assigned for health reasons to a special medical group for physical education. (Directive letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of October 31, 2003)
13. On the state and measures for the further development of physical culture in general educational institutions Moscow. Decision of the Board of the MCO dated April 27, 2002 (including clause 9.7.: “... to develop a set of measures to organize ... classes with children with disabilities in the groups of therapeutic physical education at the expense of hours of the school component ").
14. On the improvement of physical culture and health work in educational institutions- methodological recommendations (including detailed information about regional programs for students of a special medical group - A.P. Matveev, publication - insert in the newspaper "Sport at School" No. 15, VIII. 2003).
15. Publications on the content of classes with physically impaired students in the journal "Physical Culture at School" and the newspaper "Sport at School" during 1995-2006.
16. Rehabilitation of students' health by means of physical culture: Textbook /V. Yu. Volkov, L. M. Volkova. - St. Petersburg, 1998.
17. Fedyukovich N. I. Human anatomy and physiology. - M., 2002.
18. Physical education in educational institutions of secondary vocational education: issues of content and methodology. Scientific and methodical collection. - M., 2004.
19. Kholodov Zh. K., Kuznetsov V. S. Theory and methods of physical culture. - M., 2001.
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