Educational methodical manual on physical culture. Educational portal
In all subjects Russian Federation study according to different programs and methods, but in general they are similar. So in this section you will find all the basic textbooks and books on physical culture which are actively used in our country.
According to the textbooks, annual and quarterly calendar-thematic plans, as well as lesson plans, are compiled.
In all books there are many methods in teaching children. I advise all teachers, if possible, to study these materials, especially young professionals.
I recommend all young professionals, as well as other physical education teachers, to go to the "Literature in Physical Education". Here you will find a lot of useful information for yourself. The entire section is regularly replenished and updated.
This article is devoted to one of the most popular books on physical culture. It's about the book "Programs general educational institutions. Comprehensive program physical education of students in grades 1-11.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT"
- Averina I.E. - Physical culture minutes and dynamic pauses in preschool educational institutions: pract. allowance / I.E. Averina. - 3rd ed. – M.: Iris-press, 2007. – 144 p.
- Akbashev T.F. - The first steps in "Pedagogy of life". Publishing house LLP "Vervia", Chelyabinsk, 1995 -89 p.
- Antropova M.V., Kuznetsova L.M., Paranicheva T.M. – Mode for elementary school student. - M.: Ventana - Graff, 2003. - 24 p.
- Babenkova E.A., Fedorovskaya O.M. - Games that heal. For children from 5 to 7 years old. - M.: TC Sphere, 2009. - 64 p.
- Batechko S.A., Biryukov V.S., Ariychuk E.K., Derevianko N.A. - Twelve steps to health with "Tiens". Series "Medicine for you". Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2003. - 480 p.
- Borisova M.M. – Organization of fitness classes in the system of preschool education: textbook. - method. allowance / Marina Borisova. - Moscow: Obruch, 2014. - 256 p.
- Vavilova E.N. – Development of basic movements in children 3-7 years old. Work system. - M .: "Publishing house Scriptorium 2003", 2007. - 160 p.
- Varenik E.N. – Physical culture and health-improving classes with children 5-7 years old. - M.: TC Sphere, 2009. - 128 p.
- Hygienic bases of education of children from 3 to 7 Books. for doshk workers. institutions / E.M. Belostotskaya, T.F. Vinogradova, L.Ya. Kanevskaya, V.I. Telench. Comp. V. I. Telenchi. - M.: Enlightenment, 1987. - 143 p.
- Hygienic bases of education of children from 3 to 7 years: Book. for doshk workers. institutions / E.M. Belostotskaya, T.F. Vinogradova, L.Ya. Kanevskaya, V.I. Telenchi; Comp. IN AND. Telenchi. - M.: Enlightenment, 1987. - 143 p.
- Glazyrina L.D. - Physical culture - for preschoolers. younger age: A manual for preschool teachers. institutions. – M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 1999. - 272 p.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
"PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT"
- Averina I.E. - Physical culture minutes and dynamic pauses in preschool educational institutions: pract. allowance / I.E. Averina. - 3rd ed. – M.: Iris-press, 2007. – 144 p.
- Akbashev T.F. - The first steps in "Pedagogy of life". Publishing house LLP "Vervia", Chelyabinsk, 1995 -89 p.
- Antropova M.V., Kuznetsova L.M., Paranicheva T.M. – Mode for younger students. - M.: Ventana - Graff, 2003. - 24 p.
- Babenkova E.A., Fedorovskaya O.M. - Games that heal. For children from 5 to 7 years old. - M.: TC Sphere, 2009. - 64 p.
- Batechko S.A., Biryukov V.S., Ariychuk E.K., Derevianko N.A. - Twelve steps to health with "Tiens". Series "Medicine for you". Rostov n / D: Phoenix, 2003. - 480 p.
- Borisova M.M. – Organization of fitness classes in the system of preschool education: textbook. - method. allowance / Marina Borisova. - Moscow: Obruch, 2014. - 256 p.
- Vavilova E.N. – Development of basic movements in children 3-7 years old. Work system. - M .: "Publishing house Scriptorium 2003", 2007. - 160 p.
- Varenik E.N. – Physical culture and health-improving classes with children 5-7 years old. - M.: TC Sphere, 2009. - 128 p.
- Hygienic bases of education of children from 3 to 7 Books. for doshk workers. institutions / E.M. Belostotskaya, T.F. Vinogradova, L.Ya. Kanevskaya, V.I. Telench. Comp. V. I. Telenchi. - M.: Enlightenment, 1987. - 143 p.
- Hygienic bases of education of children from 3 to 7 years: Book. for doshk workers. institutions / E.M. Belostotskaya, T.F. Vinogradova, L.Ya. Kanevskaya, V.I. Telenchi; Comp. IN AND. Telenchi. - M.: Enlightenment, 1987. - 143 p.
- Glazyrina L.D. - Physical culture - for preschoolers. Younger age: A manual for preschool teachers. institutions. – M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 1999. - 272 p.
- Glazyrina L.D. - Physical culture - for preschoolers: Older age: A manual for preschool teachers. institutions. – M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2001. - 264 p.
- Golubeva L.G. - Gymnastics and massage for the little ones: A guide for parents and educators. - M.: MOSAIC - SYNTHESIS, 2012. - 80 p.
- Derekleeva NI - Motor games, trainings and health lessons. 1-5 classes. - M.: VAKO, 2004. - 152 p.
- Efimenko N.N. - Materials for the original author's program "Theater of Physical Education and Rehabilitation of Children of Preschool and Primary School Age". - M.: LINKA - PRESS, 1999. - 256 p.
- Zanozina A.E., Grishanina S.E. – Prospective planning of physical education classes with children 6-7 years old. - M.: LINKA - PRESS, 2008. - 80 p.
- How to keep a child's heart healthy / V.N. Bezobrazova and others - M.: Ventana - Graff, 2003. - 32 p.
- Kartushina M.Yu. - Leisure scenarios for children 3-4 years old. M.: TC Sphere, 2005. - 96 p.
- Keneman A.V. and Khukhlaeva D.V. - Theory and methods of physical education of preschool children. allowance for students ped. in-t on spec. "Preschool Pedagogy and Psychology". Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional M., "Enlightenment", 1978. - 272 p.
- Kozyreva O.V. - Therapeutic physical education for preschoolers (with disorders of the musculoskeletal system): A guide for instructors in medical treatment. physical education, educators and parents / O.V. Kozyrev. - M .: Education, 2003. - 112 p.
- Correctional and developmental environment for preschool children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. - M.: School Press, 2003. - 48 p.
- Kudryavtsev V.T., Egorov B.B. – Developing pedagogy of health improvement ( preschool age): Software- Toolkit. - M.: LINKA-PRESS, 2000. - 296 p.
- Therapeutic exercise and massage. Methods for improving the health of children of preschool and primary school age: A practical guide / G.V. Kashtanova, E.G. Mamaeva, O.V. Slivina, T.A. Chumanova; under general ed. G.V. Kashtanova. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional – M.: ARKTI, 2007. – 104 p.
- Litvinova M.F. – Mobile games and game exercises for children of the third year of life: Methodological guide for employees of preschool educational institutions. - M.: LINKA - PRESS, 2005. - 92 p.
- Makarova O.S. - Game, sport, dialogue in the physical culture of elementary school: sports and game projects for the first grade. Manual for the teacher of physical culture. – M.: School Press. 2002. - 64 p.
- Makhaneva M.D. – Healthy child: Recommendations for working in kindergarten and elementary school: Methodological guide. – M.: ARKTI, 2004. – 264 p.
- Makhaneva M.D. – Raising a Healthy Child: A Handbook for Practitioners of Children’s preschool institutions. – M.: ARKTI, 1999. – 88 p.
- Education that creates health. Sanology and valeology educational process. Methodological guide for teachers. - Rostov-on-Don, - 1994. - 71 p.
- Penzulaeva L.I. - physical education in kindergarten. Kindergarten preparatory group for school. Abstracts of classes. - M.: MOSAIC - SYNTHESIS, 2011. - 112 p.
- Penzulaeva L.I. - Recreational gymnastics for children 3-7 years old. Complexes of improving gymnastics. - M.: MOSAIC - SYNTHESIS, 2010. - 128 p.
- Podolskaya E.I. – Prevention of flat feet and posture disorders in older preschoolers. - M .: Publishing house "Scriptorium 2003", 2009. - 80 p.
- Poltavtseva N.V. - Physical culture in preschool childhood: A manual for physical education instructors and educators working with children 4-5 years old / N.V. Poltavtseva, N.A. Gordova. - M .: Education, 2004. - 272 p.
- Runova M.A. - Differentiated physical education classes with children aged 5-7 years (taking into account the level of motor activity): a guide for educators and physical education instructors / M.A. Runova.- M.: Enlightenment, 2005. - 141 p.
- Runova M.A. - Differentiated physical education classes with children aged 5-7 years (taking into account the level of motor activity): a guide for educators and physical education instructors / M.A. Runova. - M .: Education, 2005. - 141 p.
- Rybak M.V. - Swim like us!: (Methods of teaching children 2-5 years old to swim) / Marta Rybak. – M.: Obruch, 2014. – 80 p.
- Rybak M.V. - One, two, three, swim ...: method. manual for doshk. educate. institutions / (Rybak M.V., Glushkova G.V., Potashova G.N.). – M.: Obruch, 2010. – 208 p.
- Collection of mobile games. For work with children 2-7 years old / Auth.-comp. E.Ya. Stepanenkov. - M.: MOSAIC - SYNTHESIS, 2011. - 144 p.
- Tikhomirova L.F. - Exercises for every day: Logic for preschoolers / artist V.Kh. Yanaev. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, 2001. - 144 p.
- Tourism in kindergarten: (textbook - method. manual) / (participated: Aleinikova V.S. and others); ed. Kuznetsova S.V. - Moscow Obruch, 2013. - 208 p.
- Uzorova O.V. - Finger gymnastics / O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedov. - M .: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2002. - 127 p.
- Physical culture and health work: integrated planning according to the program, edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, V.V. stamp, T.S. Komarova. Junior, middle, senior preschool age / ed. - comp. O.V. Music. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2010. - 127 p.
- Frolov V.G. - Physical education, games and exercises for a walk: A guide for the educator. – M.: Enlightenment, 1986. – 159 p.
- Kharchenko T.E. - Morning exercises in kindergarten. Exercises for children 2-3 years old. - M.: MOSAIC - SYNTHESIS, 2009 - 88 p.
- Shebeko V.N. - Physical education holidays in kindergarten: creativity in the motor activity of a preschooler: Book. for kindergarten teachers / V.N. Shebeko, N.N. Yermak. - 3rd ed. – M.: Enlightenment. 2003. - 93 p.
- Shishkina V.A. Movement + movement: Book. for kindergarten teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 96 p.
- Shishkina V.A. – Movement + movement: Book. for kindergarten teacher. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 96 p.
Library
materials
The subject of physical culture
p/p
Class
Lyakh V.I.,
M.: Education, 2010.
"My friend is physical education"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Physical Culture"
A.P. Matveev
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Fun exercise!"
E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
B.I. Mishin
Astrel, 2003
V.A. Gorsky
M. Enlightenment, 2010
Yu.V.Naumenko
M. Globus, 2010
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I. Devekleeva
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
UralGAFK 2007.
A.Yu.Patrikeev.
Outdoor games.
M.VAKO, 2007
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
M.-TC sphere.
V.F. Balashov,
N.I.Chesnokov.
Test control of knowledge.
M. Enlightenment, 2007
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component state standard general education. Physical Culture. Collection normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2007
"Physical training! Physical training!"
E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
M.L. Vilensky
M. Enlightenment 2005
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
Volgograd, 2010
M. Enlightenment, 2005
V.V. Kozlov, A.M. Kondakov.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
B.I. Mishin
« Desk book physical education teacher
Astrel, 2003
Physical Culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I. Devekleeva
Motor games, trainings and health lessons. 1-5 cells. M.VAKO, 2007
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
M. Globus, 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
M.Vlados 2003
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
10-11
Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Physical culture" I.M. Butin, S.M. Maslennikov
M.Vlados 2003
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
M.: "Enlightenment", 2005
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh.
M. Enlightenment, 2007
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
Educational and methodological support educational process
Methodical Association teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
1 - 4 class
p/p
Class
Educational additional literature for students
Educational literature for the teacher
Tools for testing students' knowledge (author, title, publisher, year of publication)
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M.: Education, 2010.
"My friend is physical education"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
A.P. Matveev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Fun exercise!"
E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
Educational and visual aids G.A. Kolodnitsky, V.S. Kuznetsov M. Enlightenment 2003
Methods of physical education of students in grades 1-4: A guide for the teacher / E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev, T.Yu. Torochkova, R.Ya. Shitov. - M.: Enlightenment, 2005.
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
Physical Culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
A.M.Kondakov, L.P.Kizina, E.S.Mavinov Primary School second generation. M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
Yu.V.Naumenko
Health-saving technologies of elementary school.
M. Globus, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I. Devekleeva
Motor games, trainings and health lessons. 1-5 cells. M.VAKO, 2007
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
A.Yu.Patrikeev.
Outdoor games.
M.VAKO, 2007
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.F. Balashov,
N.I.Chesnokov.
Test control of knowledge.
M. Enlightenment, 2007
Educational and methodological support of the educational process
Methodical association of teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
5-7 grade
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
Physical culture: textbook. for students in grades 5-7. general education institutions / M.Ya. Vilensky, I.M. Turevsky, T.Yu. Torochkova and others; ed. M.Ya. Vilensky. - M .: "Enlightenment", 2006
"Physical training! Physical training!"
E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
M.L. Vilensky
M. Enlightenment 2005
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
V.V. Kozlov, A.M. Kondakov.
fundamental core content of general education.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
Physical education of students in grades 5-7: A guide for the teacher / V.I. Lyakh, G.B. Meikson, Yu.A. Kopylov and others; ed. IN AND. Lyakha, G.B. Maxson. - M .: "Enlightenment", 2001
Physical Culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I. Devekleeva
Motor games, trainings and health lessons. 1-5 cells. M.VAKO, 2007
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
Educational and methodological support of the educational process
Methodical association of teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
5-7 class С(К)О
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2007
Physical culture: textbook. for students in grades 5-7. general education institutions / M.Ya. Vilensky, I.M. Turevsky, T.Yu. Torochkova and others; ed. M.Ya. Vilensky. - M .: "Enlightenment", 2006
"Physical training! Physical training!"
E.N. Litvinov, G.I. Pogadaev
M. Enlightenment 2005
"Physical Culture"
M.L. Vilensky
M. Enlightenment 2005
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
V.V. Kozlov, A.M. Kondakov.
The fundamental core of the content of general education.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
Physical education of students in grades 5-7: A guide for the teacher / V.I. Lyakh, G.B. Meikson, Yu.A. Kopylov and others; ed. IN AND. Lyakha, G.B. Maxson. - M .: "Enlightenment", 2001
Physical Culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I. Devekleeva
Motor games, trainings and health lessons. 1-5 cells. M.VAKO, 2007
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
Educational and methodological support of the educational process
Methodical association of teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
8-9 grade
Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Physical culture" I.M. Butin, S.M. Maslennikov
M.Vlados 2003
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
A.A. Kuznetsov, M.V. Ryzhakov, A.M. Kondakov.
Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
Educational and methodological support of the educational process
Methodical association of teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
8 - 9 class C (K) O
Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Physical culture" I.M. Butin, S.M. Maslennikov
M.Vlados 2003
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
A.A. Kuznetsov, M.V. Ryzhakov, A.M. Kondakov.
Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
V.I. Lyakh
"Test control"
5-9 grade
M. Enlightenment, 2007
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
Educational and methodological support of the educational process
Methodical association of teachers of physical culture and life safety
The subject of physical culture
10 - 11 grade
10-11
Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11" Programs of general educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Federal component of the state standard of general education. Physical Culture. Collection of normative documents. Physical Culture
M. Education, 2010.
"Physical Culture"
V.I. Lyakh
M. Enlightenment 2010
"Physical culture" I.M. Butin, S.M. Maslennikov
M.Vlados 2003
V.K. Shlykov, I.N. Marchenko.
A task to prepare for the Olympics.
Volgograd, 2010
N.I.Chesnokov, V.V.Kuzin, A.A.Krasnikov.
Olympiad on the subject of Physical Culture.
M. Enlightenment, 2005
Physical culture: textbook. for students in grades 10-11 general education Institutions / [ V.I. Lyakh, L.E. Lyubomirsky, G.B. Meikson et al.]; ed. IN AND. Lyakha and others -
M.: "Enlightenment", 2005
B.I. Mishin
"Desk book of physical education teacher"
Astrel, 2003
V.A. Gorsky
Primary and basic education. Second generation standards.
M. Enlightenment, 2010
V.I. Lyakh.
Methods of physical education.
M. Enlightenment, 2007
V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, G.B. Meyekson
Thematic planning.
Volgograd, 2010
V.G.Chaytsev, I.V.Pronina.
New technologies of physical education of schoolchildren.
M.ARKTI - school education, 2007
V.I. Kozhevnikov, A.F. Zelenko, A.B. Soloviev.
Basic acrobatic exercises.
UralGAFK 2007.
S.A. Levina, N.I. Chesnokov.
Physical education minutes.
Volgograd, teacher, 2006
Kuznetsov V.S., Kolodnitsky G.A. Physical Culture. Safety of lessons, competitions, hikes. - Moscow: "Publishing house of NTs ENAS", 2003 Physical culture. Scientific and methodical journal. – Moscow, 2004-2006
L.I. Kodaneva, M.A. Shut.
Methods of physical culture classes in a special medical group of a general educational institution.
M. Artkti, 2006
Lyakh V.I.,
Zdanevich A.A. "A comprehensive program of physical education for students in grades 1-11"
Evaluation of the level of physical fitness of students. Programs of general education educational institutions. - Moscow: "Enlightenment", 2010
Assessment of physical development and health status of children and adolescents.
M.-TC sphere.
Legal Education Library, 2005
P.A. Kiselev,
S.B. Kiseleva
"Test questions and tasks in physical culture"
M. Globus, 2010
State educational institution of secondary vocational education
Medical School No. 21
Department of Health of the city of Moscow
PHYSICAL CULTURE
Moscow 2011
Author: Martynova A.N. -Head of Physical Culture of the State Educational Institution of Secondary Education of Medical School No. 21, Honored Worker of Physical Culture of the Russian Federation, Master of Sports of the USSR in rhythmic gymnastics. Teacher of the highest qualification category
Reviewer:
This manual is intended for teachers of physical culture in institutions of secondary vocational education in organizing their activities with students who have suffered from certain diseases.
Dear Colleagues!
In conditions modern world with the advent of devices that facilitate labor activity(computer, technical equipment) the motor activity of people has sharply decreased compared to previous decades. This, ultimately, leads to a decrease in the functional capabilities of a person, as well as to various kinds of diseases. Today, purely physical labor does not play a significant role, it is replaced by mental labor. Intellectual work sharply reduces the working capacity of the body.
Physical culture has a healing and preventive effect, which is extremely important, since today the number of people with various diseases is constantly growing.
Physical culture should be included in the life of a person with early age and not leave it until old age. At the same time, the moment of choosing the degree of stress on the body is very important; an individual approach is needed here. After all, excessive loads on the human body, both healthy and with any disease, can harm it.
Thus, physical culture, the primary task of which is the preservation and promotion of health, should be an integral part of the life of every person.
Adolescents who have had a disease and are deprived of active physical education for a long time find themselves in a particularly difficult situation.
The author has selected information material that will help you easily navigate in the selection and selection physical activity for each student individually, depending on the severity of their illness. Observe the terms of the appointment of physical education classes, strictly observe the indications and contraindications for the appointment of certain exercises.
Martynova A.N.
PREVENTION OF DISEASES WITH MEANS
PHYSICAL CULTURE.
Correctly set process of physical education is a powerful factor in the prevention of a number of diseases: rheumatism, attacks of bronchial asthma and relapses of other diseases. An individual approach to students with a preparatory medical group has a positive effect on the state of the nervous system, helps to reduce morbidity and increase efficiency. A prerequisite for this are: consistency, systematic, gradual increase in the load, the use of not only the means of general physical training(according to indications), but also means of physical therapy, individual approach, careful medical and pedagogical control.
A motor action, in whatever conditions it is performed, is associated with the manifestation of strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, and dexterity. These are the basic motor qualities, the improvement of which allows you to effectively perform any kind of professional work.
FORCE
A significant place in the professional and motor training of future specialists should be given to the development of muscle strength - the ability of a person to overcome resistance, i.e. counteract it with muscle tension.
Muscular strength manifests itself in two main modes:isotonic Andisometric . In the Isotonic mode, the muscles contract (during shortening and lengthening) to produce movement (dynamic force). In isometric mode, the muscles tense up but do not move (static force).
There are actually power (static mode), speed-power (dynamic mode), as well as explosive power (the ability to show a large amount of force in the shortest period of time).
Strength exercises, depending on the nature of resistance, can be divided into groups: with external resistance, exercises with partner opposition, resistance to the external environment, exercises from general gymnastics.
2. ENDURANCE
Endurance is the ability to perform any activity (labor, physical) for a long time without reducing its effectiveness.
There are four types of endurance: mental, sensory, emotional, physical.
Undergeneral , oraerobic , endurance understand the body's ability to work for a long time in a steady state, when the need for oxygen corresponds to its absorption. General endurance is characterized high level the functioning of systems responsible for the metabolism in the body; perfection of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex, coordinating the functions of organs and systems. General endurance is improved when working with the participation of at least 70% of muscle mass (cyclic types of physical activity: running, swimming, skiing and cycling, etc.). When cultivating endurance during training, a certain degree of fatigue occurs. Only in the fight against fatigue, the body adapts to stress, and adaptation, in turn, leads to an increase in endurance.
Developing endurance, one should remember about the education of strong-willed qualities.
Special , oranaerobic , endurance is the ability to carry loads for a long time, it is distinguished by a high level of physiological and mental capabilities in relation to the type of activity and the conditions in which it manifests itself.
speed endurance - this is the ability to perform work of submaximal power due to oxygen-free sources of energy generation. The improvement of anaerobic capabilities is determined by the power of work, the length of the distance, rest intervals, the nature of rest, the number of repetitions.
Strength Endurance is the ability of the body to withstand fatigue and prolonged strength work.
For the development of dynamic speed endurance, it is advisable to use weights within 40-50% of the maximum, with an average repetition rate. Exercises must be performed until severe fatigue, between series take a break until complete rest, repeat
exercise in 7-9 series.
For developmentstatic strength endurance static exercises are used, which are performed until the trained muscles are tired.
For the development of coordination endurance, it is necessary to perform motor actions that are complex in coordination.
3. RAPIDITY
Speed is the ability to perform motor actions in the minimum time period for given conditions.
To develop speed, exercises are used in which a conditioned movement is performed following a specific signal. To develop the speed of reaction to a moving object, the suddenness of the appearance of a signal is increased, the speed of the object is increased, and its size is reduced. For this, elements of sports games are used: basketball, volleyball, football, handball, exercises with small balls.
4. FLEXIBILITY .
Flexibility is the ability to perform movements with a large amplitude - one of the most important physical qualities of a person. The maximum range of motion is a measure of flexibility, mobility in the joints of the whole body. Passive and active exercises are used to develop flexibility.
Passive exercises are performed on equipment, with the help of a trainer, using your own strength or body weight.
Active exercises are performed with full amplitude without objects and with objects; static exercises with holding the limb in the allotted position to the limit for 3-6 seconds.
All of these exercises provide an increase in mobility due to the extensibility of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus.
5. dexterity .
Dexterity is the ability to quickly master new movements and the ability to reorganize motor activity in connection with changes in the situation. To have such a quality as agility, one must be strong, fast, enduring, have good mobility in the joints, have high volitional qualities. Agility - This is the accuracy of movements, coordination, the ability to perform movements in changing conditions.
To cultivate such a quality as dexterity, it is necessary to be able to perform many different movements, to have a certain motor reserve. For this, any exercises are used that include elements of novelty, both without objects and with objects.
Various initial positions are used, mirror performance of exercises, a change in the speed and pace of movements, a change in the spatial boundaries in which the exercise is performed, pair and group exercises, and balance.
So, a healing effect on the body, an improvement in the general state of health of students who have certain contraindications for physical education in the main medical group, can only be obtained if following conditions:
The optimal dosage of the effects of physical activity on the body;
Compliance with basic hygiene requirements;
Compilation of appropriate programs - minimum and maximum;
Focus on movement;
Performing the load on a positive neuro-emotional background;
Compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle, diet, sleep, rest, the absence of bad habits.
DISEASE PREVENTION
OF CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM.
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among students is largely due to neuropsychic stress and leads to heart neurosis, hypertension, arterial hypotension, coronary disease, vegetative dystonia, atherosclerosis, varicose veins.
Table number 1.
DiseaseIndications
Contraindications
Heart neurosis
Terrenkur, alternating walking and light running in the fresh air, swimming, skiing, stretching, alternating exercises with tension and relaxation. Strictly dosed load
Speed-strength, exercises in static tension, sudden movements, sports games.
Hypertonic disease
Individual physical activity, restorative means (massage, hardening), general developmental, breathing, relaxation exercises with a moderate load. Cyclic exercises - dosed walking, skiing, swimming. The pace of the exercises is slow and medium. Each exercise is performed without holding the breath. Starting positions - lying and sitting.
Breath-holding exercises, straining, long bends, jumps, jumps, weight work (barbell, dumbbells). Limit exercises for strength, speed, endurance
Arterial hypotension
General developmental exercises, massage, exercise equipment, breathing exercises, health path, swimming, skiing, games, contrast showers, sauna. It is necessary to differentiate exercises for speed, strength, endurance. Apply starting positions - Sitting and standing.
Sharp inclinations, an overdose of physical exercises, speed-strength exercises, work with heavy weights, abrupt changes in starting positions, fast running, jumping, long-term cyclic actions.
Cardiac ischemia
General strengthening exercises, breathing, relaxation, walking, swimming, slow running. Dieting (fasting days), normalization of sleep (walks before bedtime). Starting positions: sitting, standing, lying down. The pace is medium and slow.
Exercises for strength and speed, sudden movements, breath-holding exercises, straining, weight exercises, jumping, sports games.
Vegetative-vascular dystonia
General developmental exercises (with full amplitude, without holding the breath and straining), exercises with alternating muscle tension and relaxation, exercises for the vestibular apparatus to change the position of the body and head in space, health path, slow running, swimming, skiing, sports games (badminton , tennis, volleyball). Between exercises - pauses and breathing exercises. As training increases, the load should increase. The pace is medium and slow, the starting positions are different.
Sharp turns of the head, sharp forward bends, holding the breath, weights, exercises for the abdominal muscles of large volume, speed-strength exercises.
Atherosclerosis
Moderate physical activity of a cyclic nature, general developmental, breathing, relaxation exercises. Control of pulse, respiration, general condition. You need proper nutrition with a low content of animal fats, hardening.
Breath-holding exercises, straining, strength and speed exercises.
Phlebeurysm
Exercises for the legs should be performed in the initial lying position with the legs horizontal and elevated, with a large range of motion in the hip and ankle joints, exercises for the muscles of the lower leg and thigh. Breathing and relaxation exercises, stretching, elements of massage and self-massage, swimming, hiking and skiing, cycling. Wearing elastic stockings is mandatory. In the stage of blood circulation compensation, the volume of ORU and special exercises increases.
Exercises in the initial standing position with great tension. Exercises are contraindicated in the stage of thrombophlebitis, as well as jumping, weight work.
PREVENTION OF DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
Among the main diseases of the respiratory system, one should single out such as chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma.
For the whole group of diseases are shown: - General developmental exercises; - special breathing exercises; - dosed swimming, skiing, slow running, - sports games with a dosed load.
1. BREATHING EXERCISES:
With an extended exhalation; - with the pronunciation of whistling, trembling, hissing sounds on exhalation. There is a physiological vibration of the bronchi and the removal of spasms. - with contraction and breath holding; - diaphragmatic breathing.
2. EXERCISES FOR THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LIMB AND THE CHEST - activate blood circulation in the lungs, reduce congestion, prevent the development of pneumosclerosis.
3. EXERCISES WITH ALTERNATION OF VOLTAGE AND RELAXATION - help to normalize the course of nervous processes, even out the tone of the respiratory muscles and relieve spasms.
It should be remembered that inspiration is an active process and occurs due to the contraction of the respiratory muscles. EXHAUST - is carried out by relaxing the muscles that produce the breath.
4. DRAINAGE EXERCISES - contribute to the outflow of sputum and are performed with the head tilted forward, the reduction of the shoulders, lowering the arms, bending the torso, lifting the legs forward. Starting positions are applied, sitting, standing, lying, lying on one side. The pace of the exercises performed is slow and medium, the exercises can be performed with musical accompaniment.
When working with a disease such as bronchial asthma, you should clearly know the contraindications to the appointment of physical exercises:
In the acute stage of the disease,
With malignant tumors.
Great physical activity
Exercises related to straining by holding the breath on INSP,
hardening cold water,
Swimming in a pool with a high chlorine content.
PREVENTION OF DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES.
The most common diseases: gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastroduodenitis, colitis, cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, pyelonephritis, kidney disease.
Table number 2
DiseaseIndications
Contraindications
Chronic gastritis
Exercises for the abdominal muscles, static and dynamic breathing exercises, slow walking, outdoor games, swimming, skiing. Apply various I.P. The load is medium and above average.
Long and high-speed running, heavy load, work with maximum weights, Abrupt changes in body positions.
peptic ulcer
Diaphragmatic breathing, walking at a calm pace, swimming, skiing, skating, exercises with shells (weighing up to 0.5 kg), for coordination. Sports games (badminton, table tennis). Starting positions: sitting, standing, lying down, performing at a slow pace with the maximum range of movements of the arms, legs, torso. Skiing, swimming, skating.
Sharp movements, speed-strength load, jumping rope.
Cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia.
Exercises for the abdominal muscles without increasing abdominal pressure, walking, outdoor games, swimming, skiing, hiking. The starting positions are used on the back, on the right and left side, in emphasis on the knees.
Running, jumping, exercises for the abdominal muscles with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, exercises with projectiles, pronounced muscle tension, outdoor games.
Pyelonephritis
A balanced diet, strict observance of the regime of the day and rest, prevention of colds, hardening of the body. General developmental exercises, special exercises for the abdominal muscles, diaphragmatic breathing are used. Running, jumping, various walking options (on toes, with knees raised), exercises with a sharp change in the position of the body, outdoor games, jumping and shaking the body, jumping rope. Applied work on simulators, cycling, exercises with objects.
Heavy lifting, hypothermia, overheating, overwork, nervous shocks. Exercises of high and moderate intensity. Limited skiing, swimming in open water. Classes in the phase of exacerbation. Drinking alcohol, smoking.
PREVENTION OF DISEASES OF THE LOCUMENT AND MOTOR APPARATUS.
Physical exercises are an effective means of preventing postural disorders: stoop, asymmetry of the shoulders and shoulder blades, as well as scoliosis, osteochondrosis. Students with postural disorders, as a rule, have weakened musculoskeletal system and muscles, inelastic ligaments, reduced depreciation abilities of the lower extremities and spine. The risk of severe injuries is very high: (fractures of bones and vertebral bodies, rupture of muscles and ligaments, etc.)
TABLE #3
DiseaseIndications
Contraindications
Postural disorders: scoliosis, osteochondrosis
Rhythmic and athletic gymnastics, stretching, swimming. Particular attention is to strengthen the abdominal muscles and back. Dynamic stresses, cyclic activities (swimming, skiing, running). Yoga classes. Static exercises alternate with breathing.
Weight lifting, high jump, long jump, springboard and platform. Exercises with static loads. Existing diseases of the heart, vision and metabolism.
flat feet
General developmental exercises for all muscle groups, starting positions are different, the load is large. Swimming. Exercises that strengthen the arch of the foot and lower leg and special ones (walking barefoot, on pebbles, etc.)
Limited: running, skiing, skating. To exclude a long standing position, playing sports - on the recommendation of a specialist. Do not wear tight shoes and heels higher than 4 cm.
arthrosis
Walking, cycling, skiing, hardening, swimming, general flexibility exercises. Alternate tension and relaxation exercises.
Running, jumping, lifting and carrying weights, squats, climbing uphill, climbing stairs.
PREVENTION AND CORRECTION OF VISION, METABOLIC DISORDERS.
The most common visual impairment is myopia (nearsightedness), which most often occurs in people with poor physical development, dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system, although quite great importance has a hereditary factor. Deviations in the state of health caused by malnutrition, non-compliance with the daily routine, bad habits often lead to metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes mellitus).
TABLE #4
DiseaseIndications
Contraindications
Myopia
General developmental exercises, Walking, running, exercises to strengthen the musculoskeletal system and muscle corset, exercises for the external and internal muscles of the eyes, relaxation and breathing exercises. Special gymnastics for the eyes is needed (according to the method of Professor E.S. Avetisov, Yu.A. Utekhin).
Jumping, jumping rope, body shaking and exercises that increase intracranial pressure. Static exercises are prohibited.
Obesity
Exercises of large volume, dynamic nature are used. Various starting positions, exercises with objects and small weights. Duration is at least 30-40 minutes with rest intervals. Breathing exercises- required. Swimming, skiing and outdoor activities, cycling, outdoor games. Endurance work, tourism.
Sports games, work with heavy weights, fast running, jumping, speed and speed-strength exercises.
Diabetes
General developmental exercises for all muscle groups in various starting positions, at an average and slow pace, with objects, small weights, for coordination. Swimming, dosed walking, easy running, skiing. Duration is at least 30-45 minutes.
Sports, speed-strength exercises.
From the foregoing, I would like to note that such types physical activity as dosed walking, running, health path, swimming, skiing, cycling, general developmental exercises for all muscle groups, performed at a moderate and slow pace, not only prevent these diseases, but also contribute to the improvement of the body, body shaping, and health promotion and develop the need for a healthy lifestyle.
DATES TO RESUME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
EXERCISES AFTER DISEASES.
The state of human health, its resistance to diseases are associated with the reserve capabilities of the body, the level of its defenses, which determine resistance to adverse external influences. Increasing incidence among young people is an expression of physical detraining, which develops as a result of limited physical activity. A growing body especially needs muscle activity, therefore, insufficient motor activity, not compensated by physical activity necessary in terms of volume and intensity, leads to the development of a number of diseases.
Physical exercise has a beneficial effect on all body systems. They contribute to the formation of correct posture, develop strength, agility, speed, endurance, increase the body's resistance to fatigue. Students who engage in physical exercise have higher physical and mental performance. Due to the effect of exercise on the central nervous system expressed in an increase in the strength and balance of nervous processes, the body quickly adapts to new types of work, to a new environment.
A complete cessation of physical exercise can only be temporary. The timing of the resumption of physical culture and sports after illnesses and injuries is determined by the doctor individually for each student, taking into account all clinical data (the severity of the nature of the disease or injury, the degree of functional impairment (which were caused by the disease or injury). Gender, age are also taken into account , compensatory abilities of the body and other individual characteristics.
The timing of the resumption of physical activity after acute and infectious diseases are listed below.
ANGINA (catarrhal, follicular, lacunar). Signs of recovery: no inflammation in the throat (redness, swelling, etc.) and pain when swallowing; normal temperature for at least 2 days; satisfactory general state. Physical education can be started after 6-7 days, training after 12-14 days, participation in competitions after 20-22 days. Caution is required during winter sports (skiing, skating) and swimming due to the danger of a sharp cooling of the body.
ANGINA PHEGMONOZNA Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health, absence of painful phenomena in the pharynx and cervical lymph nodes; normal temperature for at least 7 days; almost complete restoration of normal body weight. Physical education classes - after 14-15 days, training - after 20-21 days, participation in competitions - after 30-35 days. When admitting to competitions, pay special attention to the state of the cardiovascular system. Functional testing is required.
APPENDICITIS: a) acute. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health, normal temperature for at least 10 days; absence of pain and tension of the abdominal wall in the region of the appendix when palpated. Physical education classes - after 7-10 days, training - after 14-18 days, participation in competitions - after 25 - 30 days. Surgery is recommended as there is no guarantee against a new attack.
BRONCHITIS ACUTE, INFECTIOUS. ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY QATAR. Signs of recovery: satisfactory general condition; normal temperature; no cough; no wheezing in the lungs. Physical education classes - after 6-8 days, training - after 10-12 days, participation in competitions - after 14-16 days. Beware of sudden and especially sudden cooling of the respiratory tract during exercise.
CHICKEN POX. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 7 days; absence of painful phenomena in the respiratory tract; joints and skin. Physical education classes - after 7-8 days, training - after 10-12 days, participation in competitions - after 16-18 days.
FRONTITIS SINORITIS. Signs of recovery: normal temperature for at least 14 days; complete disappearance of pain and discomfort in the affected areas. Physical education classes - after 8-9 days, training - after 16-18 days, participation in competitions - after 20-25 days. Special care is needed in winter sports and gradual hardening.
Inflammation of the lungs (catarrhal and croupous). Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 14 days; no cough; normal data on auscultation and percussion. Physical education classes - after 12-14 days, training - after 18-20 days, participation in competitions - after 25-30 days. With prolonged catarrhal inflammation and with severe forms of croupous inflammation, the terms increase by two to three weeks.
Table No. 1
b) after the operation. Signs of recovery: good (painless, mobile) postoperative scar; painless tension in the abdominal muscles. Physical education classes - after 10-15 days, training - after 20-25 days, participation in competitions - after 30-40 days. Jumping, lifting weights and exercises on gymnastic equipment should be limited.
gastroenteritis and other acute disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Signs of recovery: Disappearance of all painful phenomena (pain, nausea, diarrhea, etc.) Physical education classes - after 2-3 days, training - after 5-6 days, participation in competitions - after 10-12 days. Pay special attention to strict adherence to the diet.
Influenza: a) catarrhal, gastrointestinal and nervous forms, mild and moderate (fever for no more than 4 days, the absence of pronounced local phenomena). Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 5 days; complete absence of painful symptoms in the respiratory tract, heart, gastrointestinal tract and other organs; satisfactory result of functional tests of the cardiovascular system. Physical education classes - after 4-5 days, training - after 6-8 days, participation in competitions - after 10-12 days;
B) more severe forms (fever for more than 5 days, disorders of individual organs, as well as pronounced phenomena of general intoxication). Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 7 days; other signs, as in mild forms of influenza; satisfactory result of functional tests of the cardiovascular system. Physical education classes - after 10-12 days, training - after 18-20 days, participation in competitions - after 30-40 days. When admitted to competitions, it is necessary to examine the cardiovascular system and conduct functional tests.
DYSENTERY. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal stool for at least 15 days; a good appetite; close to natural normal weight; satisfactory result of functional tests of the cardiovascular system. Physical education classes - after 14-16 days, training - after 20-25 days, participation in competitions - after 30-35 days. It is necessary to systematically monitor the well-being of the activity of the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract.
DIPHTHERIA. Signs of recovery: normal temperature for at least 15 days; good health; complete disappearance of painful phenomena in the region of the glands; no pathological changes in the urine. Physical education classes - after 30-35 days, training - after 40-50 days, participation in competitions - after 60-75 days. Medical supervision for 2-3 months. Systematic monitoring of the activity of the heart. Special care and gradual load in the classroom are required. Urinalysis is required.
MEASLES. Signs of recovery: normal temperature for at least 7 days; normal functioning of the intestine; complete absence of a rash on the skin. Physical education classes - after 14-16 days, training - after 20-21 days, participation in competitions - after 25-30 days.
KIDNEY INFLAMMATORY (acute nephritis). Signs of recovery: good health; no edema; the absence of protein and formed elements in the urine in three repeated studies every 5 days. Physical education classes - after 30-35 days, training - after 40-50 days, participation in competitions - after 60-90 days. Systematic medical supervision is required. Repeated urine tests are mandatory after 2-3 workouts within two to three months.
DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES that do not cause sharp painful phenomena and movement restrictions (scabies, lichen, etc.) The moment of complete recovery is established by the attending physician and is characterized by a complete absence of manifestations of the disease and relapses within 8-15 days. Physical education classes - after 5-6 days, training - after 7-10 days, participation in competitions - after 15-20 days.
ACUTE HEART EXPANSION (due to sports or other stresses). Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health, absence of shortness of breath during movements; restoration of normal heart size, clean, clear tones, a satisfactory result of functional tests of the cardiovascular system. Physical education classes - after 30-45 days, training - after 60-75 days, participation in competitions - after 90-120 days. Systematic medical and pedagogical control is needed (in the doctor's office and in physical education classes).
OTITIS (acute). Signs of recovery: Normal temperature for at least 5 days; absence of painful phenomena. Physical education classes - after 14-16 days, training - after 20-25 days, participation in competitions - after 30-40 days. Special care is required when swimming.
PLEURITIS: a) dry. Signs of recovery: normal temperature for at least 20 days; satisfactory state of health; absence of painful symptoms in the lungs and bronchi; restoration of normal weight. Physical education classes - after 14-16 days, training - after 20-24 days, participation in competitions - after 30-35 days. Hardening recommended. Avoid colds.
b) exudative. Signs of recovery: no signs of effusion in the pleura. Physical education classes - after 40-50 days, training - after 60-80 days, participation in competitions - after 90-105 days. Recommended hardening, avoid colds.
RHEUMATISM ACUTE. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 30 days; complete absence of deformities and pain in the joints during movements; absence of painful phenomena in the region of the heart. Physical education classes - after 6-8 months, training - after 1-1.5 years, participation in competitions - after 2-2.5 years. After 3-4 months, therapeutic exercises in special groups are possible. Special care and gradual training are required. If the disease occurs in the winter, it is advisable not to start training until the summer.
CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; complete absence of headaches and dizziness, both at rest and during movement (at least 15 days); normal reflexes. Physical education classes - after 20-25 days, training - after 30-40 days, participation in competitions - after 60-90 days. Excluded within six months of training associated with a sharp shaking of the body (ski jumping, football, acrobatics, etc.), as well as boxing, karate, wrestling.
SCARLET FEVER. Signs of recovery: satisfactory state of health; normal temperature for at least 20 days; complete absence of skin peeling; no pathological changes in the urine. Physical education classes - after 30-40 days, training - after 50-60 days; participation in competitions - in 75-80 days. Special care and gradual load in the classroom are required. A urine test is required before starting a workout and after one of the first classes.
The issue of admission to physical education and sports for students who have suffered severe forms of diseases of the lungs, heart, liver, residual effects of poliomyelitis, the consequences of various injuries of the musculoskeletal system, is decided individually by medical specialists.
Approximate terms for the resumption of physical education classes by students of educational institutions of the main medical group are presented in this table:
Terms of appointment
Note
Angina
After 2-3 weeks
An additional medical examination is required to resume classes. Avoid hypothermia while skiing, swimming, etc.
Acute respiratory diseases
After 1-3 weeks
Avoid hypothermia. Winter sports and swimming may be temporarily excluded. In winter, during classes outdoors breathe only through the nose.
Acute otitis media
After 3-4 weeks
Swimming is prohibited. Avoid hypothermia. In chronic performative otitis media, all water sports are contraindicated. With vestibular instability, which often occurs after surgery, exercises that can cause dizziness (sharp turns, rotations, flips) are also excluded.
Pneumonia
After 1-2 months
Avoid hypothermia. It is recommended to use more breathing exercises, as well as swimming, rowing and winter sports (fresh air, no dust, positive effect on the respiratory system).
Pleurisy
After 1-2 months
Excluded (up to six months) endurance exercises and exercises associated with straining. Swimming, rowing, winter sports are recommended.
Flu
After 2-3 weeks
Physician supervision, ECG control required
Acute infectious diseases(measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, dysentery, etc.)
After 1-2 months
The resumption of classes is possible only with a satisfactory response of the cardiovascular system to functional tests.
Acute nephritis
After 2-3 months
Endurance exercises and water sports are strictly prohibited. After the start of physical education, regular monitoring of the composition of urine is necessary.
rheumatic heart disease
After 2-3 months
Classes are allowed only under the condition of sanitation of foci of chronic infection. At least a year engaged in ad hoc group. ECG monitoring is required.
infectious hepatitis
After 6-12 months (depending on the course and form of the disease)
Endurance exercises are excluded. Regular monitoring of liver function is necessary.
Appendicitis (after surgery)
After 1-2 months
At first, straining, jumping and exercises that put stress on the abdominal muscles should be avoided.
Fracture of limb bones
In 3 months
In the first three months, exercises that give an active load on the injured limb should be excluded.
concussion
At least 2-3 months later (depending on the severity and nature of the injury)
In each case, permission from a neurologist is required. Exercises associated with sharp shaking of the body should be excluded (jumping, football, volleyball, basketball, etc.)
Stretching of muscles and ligaments
After 1-2 weeks
The increase in load and range of motion in the injured limb should be gradual
Rupture of muscles and tendons
At least 6 months after surgery
Preliminary (long-term) physiotherapy exercises
EXTERNAL SIGNS OF FATIGUE
EXTERNAL SIGNS OF FATIGUE.
When resuming physical culture after illness, it is necessary to pay special attention to the normalization of physical activity and the physiological curve of the load (the response of the body to the proposed load - according to heart rate) and to prevent fatigue and exhaustion.
Fatigue occurs as a result of excessive physical activity and is manifested by a temporary decrease in performance. Distinguish between mental and physical "fatigue", but this division is very conditional. Often as a synonym for the word "fatigue" use the term "fatigue". However, fatigue does not always correspond to fatigue. Physical exercises that are carried out purposefully, with great interest, cause positive emotions and less fatigue. Conversely, fatigue sets in earlier, when there is no interest in activities, although there are no signs of fatigue.
Mental fatigue is characterized by a decrease in the productivity of intellectual work, weakened attention, etc. Physical fatigue is manifested by a violation of muscle function: a decrease in the speed, intensity, consistency and rhythm of movements. Insufficient rest time or excessive physical activity for a long time leads to overwork (chronic fatigue).
To prevent overwork, it is necessary to normalize the daily routine: eliminate lack of sleep, reduce stress, correctly alternate classes and rest.
Determine the correspondence of physical activity to the state of health and the level of preparedness according to outward signs Table No. 2 will help the physical education teacher to fatigue.
Table number 2
signsThe greatest physiological fatigue
Significant fatigue(acute overwork 1 degree)
Sharp overwork (acute overwork of the 2nd degree).
Skin coloration
slight redness
Significant redness
Sharp redness, blanching, cyanosis
sweating
small
Large (above the waist)
Sharp (below the belt) protrusion of salts on the skin
Breath
Accelerated (up to 22-26 per minute. On the plain and up to 36 - when climbing uphill)
Accelerated (38-46 in 1 min.), Superficial
Very rapid (more than 50-60 per minute) through the mouth, turning into separate sighs, followed by disordered breathing.
Movement
brisk walk
Unsteady step, slight swaying when walking, falling behind on the march
Sharp swaying when walking, the appearance of uncoordinated movements. Refusal to move forward.
General form, Feel
Ordinary
Tired expression, slight stoop. Decreased interest in the environment.
Haggard expression, great stoop, apathy, complaints of very great weakness (to the point of prostration). Palpitations, headache, burning in the chest, nausea, vomiting.
Attention
Clear, error-free command execution
Inaccuracy in the execution of commands, errors when changing the direction of movement
Slow, incorrect execution of commands. Only loud commands are accepted.
Pulse - beats / min.
110 – 150
160 – 180
180 - 200
facial expressions
Calm
tense
distorted
Only with systematic and scientifically substantiated medical and pedagogical control, physical culture classes become an effective means of preserving and strengthening the health of students, improving their physical development. In this regard, a physical education teacher should be sufficiently prepared in matters of the influence of physical exercises on the body, the hygiene of physical exercises, the organization and methods of physical culture, taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the organism of those involved in solving the following problems:
- health promotion, promotion of proper physical development and hardening of the body
- increasing the functional level of organs and systems weakened by the disease;
- increasing physical and mental performance;
- increasing immunological reactivity and body resistance to fight colds and infections;
- formation of correct posture and its correction;
- teaching rational breathing;
- development of basic motor skills and abilities;
- education of moral and volitional qualities;
- fostering interest in independent physical education and their introduction into the daily routine;
- Creation of preconditions necessary for future labor activity.
We should not forget about another health aspect of exercise. They are associated with certain efforts, having made which, a person experiences a certain satisfaction, because he feels that he has won a victory over himself. As a result, a positive emotional background is created, which positively affects human health.
LITERATURE
1. E.G. Bulich. - M., Higher school 1986.
Tutorial"Physical education in special medical groups.
2 A.A. Bishaeva. Textbook "Physical culture - M. Publishing center "Academy" 2010.
3. M. Gorin, Osipova "The way to health" - SPb.1994.
4. L.P. Matveev, edited by B.A. Ashmarin. Textbook "Theory and methods of physical education" - M., 1990
5. Klimova V.I. "Man and his health" - M., 1990.
6. G.I. Pogadaev "Desk book of a teacher of physical culture" M., "Physical culture and sport" 2000.
CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. The concept of strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, dexterity.
3. Prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
4. Prevention of respiratory diseases.
5. Prevention of diseases of the digestive system and kidneys.
6. Prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
7. Prevention and correction of vision, metabolic disorders.
8. Timing of the resumption of physical exercises after past illnesses.
9. Signs of fatigue.
10. Conclusion.
Explanatory note.
The proposed manual implements the provision on the basic elements of the technique of running, jumping, throwing. All educational material The manual is presented by topic, which makes it possible to master and improve the studied species.
Athletics takes great place in the program forphysical education. Unites such physical exercise, like running, jumping, throwing (consisting of various types of running, jumping, and throwing). Running is central to athletics. With the help of systematic training in running, one can achieve the development of such important qualities as speed, endurance, etc.
At physical culture lessons, the teacher forms students' knowledge about the technique of sports movements, the method of motor tasks. Educational tasks will be solved more successfully when the teacher, together with the students, considers the motor action, kinematics and dynamics of the parts of the movement.
A necessary element of each lesson, in which the technique of the main track and field athletics is studied, consolidated and improved, is the work on mistakes.
For students, there are the following main types: short-distance running (100m and 400m), medium-distance running (from 500m to 1000m), long-distance running (2000m, 3000m) cross-country, relay race, long jump in the “bending legs” method, in height with the “stepping over” method, throwing a grenade.
Content.
1. Explanatory note.
2. Running short distances.
2.1 Methodical sequence of teaching low start technique.
2.2 Additional exercises for mastering the technique of low start.
2.3 Methodical sequence of teaching the technique of starting overclocking.
2.4 Methodical sequence of teaching distance running.
2.5 Methodical sequence of training in finishing.
3. Methodical sequence of training in running for medium and long distances.
4. Methodical sequence of relay race training.
5. Methodical sequence of teaching grenade throwing.
6. The methodical sequence of teaching the long jump using the “bending legs” method.
7. The methodical sequence of teaching the high jump, with a run-up "stepping over".
8. General provisions about the competition.
9. Conclusion.
10. Literature.
2. Topic: Short distance running.
Short distance running
in terms of the intensity of neuromuscular tension and the short duration of work, it is a typical exercise for speed. The correct running technique is characterized by a powerful rear push, an effective angle of take-out of the fly leg and the absence of braking forces when it is placed on a support somewhat ahead of the line of the general center of gravity of the body. In this case, the body assumes a straight or slightly inclined position, and the arms make quick and economical movements. All of the above allows the runner to overcome the distance freely and naturally at high speed.In athletics lessons other motor actions are also associated with the running technique - long and high jumps from a run, throwing a grenade from a run, outdoor games and relay races. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to solve the problems of teaching running technique.
2.1
low start technique
.1
.Starts from different positions (from crouching stop, forward bend, lunge,from an emphasis lying, etc.)
2
.Standing on a strongly bent push leg, the torso is horizontal, the other leg (straight) is laid back. The arms are half-bent, one in front,the other behind. From this position, start running, keeping the horizontal
body position for as long as possible.
3
. Execution of the commands "Start!" and “Attention!” without startingpads. The teacher checks the correctness of the starting poses.
by all involved and eliminates errors if they are found.
4
.Running from a low start without blocks (without signal and on signal)5
.Installation of starting blocks.Front block for the strongest(Jog leg) is set at a distance of 1.5 feet from the line
start, and the back 1-1.5 feet from the front (or the distance of the length of the lower leg
from the front shoe). The support pad of the front shoe is tilted under
angle 45 - 50, rear 60 - 80. In width, the distance between the pads is usually
equal to 10-12 cm.
6
. Execution of commands “Start!” , “Attention!”, “March!”.Pushing out of the starting blocks. Movement when leaving the start
performed as quickly as possible. Propulsion system for
students should not be directed at a strong repulsion from
pads, but on the quick execution of the first step.
2.2
Additional exercises to masterlow start techniques
.Ex. 1. From the position of the hand in support (the body is vertical), push off with the hands from the support, performing a running movement with them.
Ex. 2. I.p. standing on one leg against the wall. push leg
raised, bent at the knee. On command, a sharp change of legs.
Exercise 3. I.p. standing in emphasis at the gymnastic wall on a bent (jogging)
leg, extension and flexion of the supporting leg in combination with movement
flywheel.
Exercise 4. Tilts of the torso while walking. The standing leg in front is slightly bent,
hands are lowered. At the signal of the teacher, a sharp movement forward with the head
and shoulders.
Exercise 5. Walking lunges. The body is tilted, the head is slightly lowered.
At the signal of the teacher, quickly go to the run.
Exercise 6. I.p. standing, legs bent. The arms are pulled back by the partner.
The body moves forward. When hands are released, quick exit
to the starting position with the transition to a run.
Exercise 7. Long jumps from a place from a low start position:
a) without pads; b) with support on the starting blocks;
Exercise 8. Starts from different positions: sitting on the floor facing (back) forward,
lying on his stomach, lying on his back with his head (or feet) to the start line.
Exercise 9. From the stop, crouching, perform a somersault forward with a transition to
distance running.
Exercise 10. Long jump from a place followed by an instant start
and distance running.
Exercise 11.I.p. half squat or squat. Throw the ball forward, followed by
a quick start, trying to catch up with a flying ball.
Exercise 12. The maximum pressure on the starting blocks at
different angles in the knee joint in isometric mode.
2.3
Subject : Methodical sequence of trainingstart-up technique
.Exercise 1. Running out from a low start under a “goal” made of rope, rubber band or high jump bar.
Exercise 2. Running out from a low start, overcoming resistance. Partner
holds the starter with a rubber band placed on the belt or chest and passed under the armpits of the runner.
Exercise 3. Running out from a low start, overcoming resistance
partner. The partner rests with straight arms on his shoulders.
Exercise 4. Running from a low start on the marks while maintaining the optimal
body tilt.
Exercise 5. Running from a low start through spaced on the first five or six
steps stuffed balls, taking into account the increase in the length of the steps. Balls
are installed in places that determine the middle of the running
step. In the first step, the ball is not placed.
Exercise 6. Running from a low start of 10-15 m while maintaining the optimal
body tilt.
2.4
Topic: Methodical sequence of trainingdistance running technique
.After the starting acceleration, the runner proceeds to run along the distance. Before
they have an important task to maintain the developed horizontal speed.
This is achieved by maintaining the length and frequency of steps.
Exercise 1. Walking with high hips. Hands on the belt or lowered
down. The trunk is straight (does not deviate).
Exercise 2. Running with a high hip lift, maintaining the correct posture and
following various instructions: a) raise the hip higher; b) faster
lower and put the leg; c) work with the hips more often; d) keep up
on the foot;
Exercise 3. Mastering the straightness of movement, setting the feet without turning
socks. Running along the corridor (narrow path) 20-30 cm wide, made
from a rubber band, then 5 cm. (feet are placed in line and parallel)
Exercise 4. Running jumping from foot to foot. This is exercise. contributes to the development
wide stride. The leg is fully extended at the moment of repulsion.
in all joints, and the other, bent at the knee joint, is taken out
forward-up, the body leans slightly forward, arms are bent
in the elbow joints and work in the same way as during running.
Exercise 5. Running with high hips 10-15m. with a run
by distance.
Exercise 6. Jogging 10-15m. with the transition to distance running.
Exercise 7. Running at an even, calm pace, with the foot on the front
part, with an increase in speed at the signal of the teacher.
Exercise 8. Running with acceleration (gradual increase in speed).
Exercise 9. Running with a rapid increase in speed and then
advancing by inertia.
Exercise 10. Running for a while from the move. (20-30m.)
2.5
Topic: Methodical sequence of trainingfinishing
.The main task of the runner when approaching the finish line is to maintain
high running speed. To do this, strengthen the rear push and,
by increasing the pace of hand movement, overcome the finish line at a higher frequency.
Finishing is the effort of the runner in the last meters of the distance.
The finish line is run at full speed, performing on the last
step “throw” on the ribbon with your chest.
Exercise 1. I.p. standing in a step, left foot in front, right behind, arms lowered
down. Perform a quick tilt of the torso forward with the abduction of the arms
back and putting the right foot forward:
a) without stretching the finishing tape;
b) with a stretching of the finishing tape;
Exercise 2. The same, but standing in a step, the right leg is in front, the left is behind.
Exercise 3. Leaning forward with arms pulled back while walking.
Exercise 4. Tilt forward on the ribbon with the arms pulled back with slow
and fast running.
Exercise 5. Running for 20-30 meters by running through the finish line without slowing down
running speed.
Exercise 6. Throw to the line chest forward in small groups of 3-4
man with accelerating run.
When teaching finishing, it is important to teach students to finish
running not at the finish line, but after it. For successful learning should
exercise in pairs, small groups (3-4 people),
selecting students of equal ability.
3.
Topic: Methodical sequence of learning to run onmedium and long distances.
Middle distance running is an exercise predominantly
for endurance. Conducted on a treadmill and cross country
terrain.
Running for medium and long distances begins with a high start.
On the command “To the start”, students approach the start line and occupy
most vantage point to start running. In this case, the runner puts
starting line with a pushing leg, pushing the other back at a distance
one foot from the heel of the front leg. Opposite exhibited-
with the forward leg, the bent arm is extended forward.
At the command “Attention!”, it is possible to support with a hand, but in front of the start line.
The other hand is behind. In this position, the runner is waiting for the “March!” command.
On command, with a quick repulsion of the legs and a strong wave of the arms
the athlete starts running, taking the first step behind the standing leg.
The movement of the runner with a swing step is free and unconstrained, without
muscle strain that causes fatigue. When studying the technique
running, pay attention to the setting of the feet and the ability to relax
leg muscles. The runner's stride should be natural and comfortable.
Finishing consists of moving to a faster run at the end
distances for 150-300m. to the finish.
1. Crosses from 500 to 800m.
2. Repeated and variable running at an accessible pace (2x150.3x60.3x200, etc.)
3. Compliance with the pace, set the pace, increase the load.
4. Strength training.
4.
relay race
.A team type of competition in which participants alternately run
Segments of the distance, passing the baton to each other.
To teach the technique of passing and receiving a baton in the transfer zone.
1. Transfer of the baton from the right hand to the left. students
line up in two lines with an interval of 1-1.5 m. The second line
with a baton in hand. Hands should be in one
vertical plane.
2. Transmission and reception (in pairs), standing still, with imitation of hand movements
as when running, at the command of the teacher.
3. The same, but with imitation of the movement of arms and legs while running (on the spot).
4. Transmission with one step.
5. Passing and receiving in walking, then in light running.
6. Transmission and reception of a baton at a free pace, on a signal
teachers.
7. Gradual increase in speed, stick transfer.
8. Transferring and receiving sticks in the zone.
5.
Topic: Methodological sequence of trainingthrowing a grenade.
Throwing a sports grenade is performed from a place and from a running start. A grenade
grasp with four fingers, and the free little finger is bent,
resting on the base of the handle.
The run consists of two parts: a) preliminary - from the start (sp) to
control mark; b) final - from the control mark to
throw lines. The run begins with an easy run with gradual acceleration.
1. Familiarization with throwing technique.
2. Holding a grenade and throwing from a place.
3. The study of the final effort when throwing from a place and from a step with the left foot.
4. Studying the technique of throwing steps and coming to the starting position
for a throw.
5. Studying the technique of retracting a grenade (on the spot, while walking, in an easy run.)
6. Free run with a grenade in hand.
7. Throwing a grenade from a running start.
The student must hit the control mark with his left foot (with
throwing with the right hand). In the final effort phase, the
leg muscles, then torso and arms.
6.
Topic: Methodological sequence of traininglong jump with legs bent.
The distance of the long jump depends on the departure angle of the common center
body mass, determined by the action of the jumper in repulsion, and
the value of the flight speed, which largely depends on the takeoff speed
before repulsion.
Training and subsequent improvement of jumping technique
length is usually accompanied by repeated repetition of its elements
and holistic exercise.
1. Teach the basics of standing long jump technique.
a) I.P. - half squat, hands laid back. Perform an energetic swing
hands forward-up with simultaneous extension of the legs and lifting
on socks.
b) Perform a jump up with a push with both legs.
c) I.P. - crouching emphasis. Perform a jump up with a wave of hands up
and landing in a semi-squat position, arms forward.
d) Stand on a bench. I.P. - Feet shoulder width apart, arms down
down. Perform a semi-squat with arms back and do not linger,
combining repulsion with a wave of hands, jump from the bench to the position
half squat, hands forward.
e) Standing long jump.
2. Exercises for mastering the technique of the long jump with a run.
a) Jumping on one leg from circle to circle. Circles are made from gymnastic hoops.
b) Jumping in a step from 4 running steps through a "ditch" 1 m wide with a soft
landing on two feet.
c) Long jump with a run (6-8 running steps) with overcoming
obstacles (bench, skipping rope).
d) Long jump with a run (6 - 8 running steps).
3. Take-off and landing technique
.a) Long jump from a place with a push with one foot with a landing on both
legs.
b) The same, but from one step. I.P. - fly leg in front, push
push at the back.
c) The same, but with three steps.
d) Jumping in a step along the circles drawn on the ground.
e) Jumping in a step, pushing off with a slow run after one step.
f) Jumping while running, pushing off at a slow run after three steps
for the fourth.
g) Short run long jump.
h) Long jump with a run-up landing in the designated areas.
i) Long jump from the middle run.
j) Long jump with a full run-up with a soft landing.
7. Topic: Methodical sequence of training
high jump with a running start "stepping over".
Primary education it is advisable to carry out high jumps in the hall.
1. Create a correct idea of the jump technique.
2. Imitation of a simplified technique for overcoming a bar (rubber band).
Stepping is not to the side, but in the direction of travel.
3. Repulsion up - forward and swing along the bar. Landing on
push leg.
4. Run simulation in step.
5.Repulsion with 3 steps.
6. High jump with a simplified technique to overcome the bar.
From 5 steps.
7. Mastering the rhythm of the last three steps of the run.
8. Selection of a run for each student.
When teaching technique, you should use the marking of the direction of the run,
take-off and landing sites. It gives you the right opportunity
focus not only in the direction of the run, but also in the performance of swing movements.
8. Topic: General provisions for holding competitions
.Athletics competitions are held outdoors (stadium, highway, forest) and indoors (sports arenas, halls). By the nature of the competition are divided into personal, team and personal-team. Individual competitions determine the winners and prize-winners in the individual championship, as well as the places occupied by all other participants. Team competitions determine the winners in the team fight, without revealing individual superiority, they also determine the places occupied by all other teams. Personal-team competitions connect the two previous ones, defining both personal and team championships.
By value, competitions can be cups, championships, championships. Cup competitions determine the winner and award him with a challenge cup, are held annually or every other year. You can become a champion in any sport at the championship of the corresponding competitions. Speaking about the rank of competitions, it is conditionally possible to distinguish four levels: the highest, the first, the second and the third.
Competitions are of the following types:
the main ones are competitions in the types of athletics, where the distribution of places takes place;
qualifying - athletics competitions are held for the purpose of selection for the main competitions;
classification - competitions are usually held at the end of the season, in order to determine the sports level of athletes;
category - competitions of athletes of certain categories, where junior categories can participate, but higher categories do not participate;
with “equalization” the purpose of the competition is to equalize the strengths of athletes or teams, giving odds to the weakest teams (by age, rank, etc.), usually held in secondary schools to raise interest in sports and develop healthy sports passion;
qualifying (control) competitions are held in order to select athletes for the national team or to control their level of preparedness;
correspondence - competitions are held simultaneously in different cities, after which places are determined by the number of points scored;
open - competitions are held for everyone, only permission from a doctor is required;
individual or specific - competitions are held in one type or in a group homogeneous species athletics ("Runner's Day", "Jumper's Day", "Marathon Day", etc.);
match meetings - competitions are held between teams to determine the strongest.
All competitions, regardless of nature and type, must be included in the competition calendar. Competitions not included with
competition calendar of the respective organizations cannot be held and funded. The principle of compiling the competition calendar is from top to bottom, that is, subordination must be observed, first the higher organization draws up its calendar, then the lower one, and so on to the grassroots team. The time of the competitions of the lower organizations should not coincide with the time of the higher competitions. Competitions of higher organizations should be preceded by competitions of lower ones in order to compile national teams (for example, the championship of Russia should be zonal, regional competitions, and, in turn, these competitions - championships of regions, hereinafter - cities, teams).All competitions are held in accordance with the regulations drawn up and approved by the relevant organization. Regulation - the main document of the competition, which is guided by the panel of judges for their conduct. Only the main panel of judges together with a representative of the organization conducting the competition and representatives of the teams can change the situation, make additions or amendments.
Organizations holding athletics competitions are obliged to send regulations to the participating teams (organizations) within the time frame that provides the necessary preparation for this competition.
Conclusion
This manual is written in accordance with the program of the track and field athletics course.
Athletics is a sport that combines exercises in walking, running, jumping, throwing and all-around events composed of these types. IN educational institution athletics is integral part curricula physical education of students of educational institutions of various types. Physical culture specialists are attracted by the versatile impact of motor activity in athletics on the body of those involved, on increasing their functional capabilities and on the complex development of physical qualities. Athletics exercises have a very versatile effect on the human body. They develop strength, speed, endurance, improve joint mobility,
They allow to acquire a wide range of motor skills, contribute to the development of strong-willed qualities.
The educational process at the lessons of athletics enables teachers to actively influence the morality of students, to educate the ethics of behavior, relationships in the team, moral qualities
Issues of physical development, mastery of various motor skills and issues of personality education are solved in the system of health-improving, educational and educational tasks. These tasks are reflected in this manual, the main tasks can be supplemented by private tasks that concretize and clarify them.
Literature
1. Arakelyan E.E., V.P.Filin, A.V.Korobov, A.V.Levchenko - Running for short distances (sprint). – M.: Infra-M.: 20
10 ..3. Valik B.V. Development speed-strength qualities. In the book: Athletics for young men. M., "Physical culture and sport",2011
6. Kholodov Zh.K. and others. Athletics at school: A guide for the teacher / Zh.K. Kholodov, V.S. Kuznetsov, G.A. Kolodnitsky. - M.: Enlightenment, 1993. - 128 p. 2011