How many people are in the American army. US Army: history of formation
The uniform and equipment of the US Army may vary depending on the rank and the event taking place. The easiest way to determine the rank is to look at the insignia that each member of the army has on his uniform. Each rank will have its own unique insignia, and the symbols of the captain or officer will be clearly different from the enlisted and non-commissioned officers. Familiarize yourself with these differences to learn how to quickly recognize the ranks of army members.
Steps
Definition of enlisted and non-commissioned officers
- Look at the field cap. For privates and sergeants, the insignia is located in the center of the cap.
- The insignia patches will be located in the chest area of the field uniform.
- On the "green" uniforms of privates and sergeants, the stripes with insignia are located on the upper part of the sleeves.
- Privates and sergeants do not display their insignia on their berets. Instead, their unit is marked on the front of the beret.
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Learn the insignia of privates-rookies. The lowest rank (E-1) for recruits in basic combat training has no insignia. For class E-2 recruits, rank is determined by a single yellow chevron patch. For privates first class (PFC, E-3), the chevron symbol is rounded at the bottom, framing the green field.
The insignia of soldiers of the rank E-4. Specialists (SPC) wear a green triangular insignia rounded at the top with a golden eagle in the middle. Corporals (CPL), however, have a rank insignia consisting of two chevrons.
Determination of the insignia of sergeants. There are several types of sergeants in the US Army, both enlisted and not in the ranks. You can tell them apart by paying close attention to the insignia.
- The insignia of a sergeant (SGT, E-5) is very similar to that of a corporal, however, instead of two chevrons, there are three.
- Staff Sergeant (SSG, E-6) has insignia consisting of three connected chevrons with a rounded end framing a green field.
- Sergeant First Class (SFC, E-7) has the same insignia as staff sergeants, but with two rounds at the bottom.
- The master sergeant (MSG, E-8) has the insignia of a sergeant first class, but with three rounds at the bottom.
- The first sergeant (1-SG, E-8) has the same insignia as the master sergeant, but with the addition of a small yellow diamond in the middle.
- The master sergeant (SGM, E-9) has the same insignia as the first sergeant, but instead of a diamond in the middle, a star.
- The Chief Sergeant of Command (CSM, E-9) has the same insignia as the first sergeant, but instead of a diamond in the center, there is a star surrounded by two ears of wheat.
- The sergeant major (E-9) has the same insignia as the first sergeant, but instead of a robe in the middle, a golden eagle and two stars.
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Determination of the insignia of a lieutenant and a captain. Second Lieutenant (2LT, O-1), First Lieutenant (1LT, O-2) and Captain (CPT, O-3) have rectangular insignia. The Second Lieutenant has one golden rectangle, and the First Lieutenant has one silver rectangle. The insignia of a captain (CPT, O-3) is two silver rectangles.
Determination of the insignia of major and lieutenant colonel. Both of these ranks have insignia in the form of a leaf. However, a major (MAJ, O-4) has a gold leaf, while a lieutenant colonel (LTC, O-5) has a silver leaf.
Studying the insignia of a colonel. Colonel (COL, O-6) is the last rank before general. His insignia is a silver eagle with outstretched wings.
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Definition of the insignia of generals. There are 5 ranks of General in the US Army. The distinguishing mark of each rank consists of silver stars, but note the difference in them.
- A brigadier general (BG, O-7) has a single silver star insignia.
- Major General (MG, O-8) has a rank insignia - two silver stars located in the same row.
- The lieutenant general (LTG, O-9) has a rank insignia - three silver stars located in one row.
- The General (GEN, O-10) has a rank insignia of 4 silver stars in one row.
- The General of the Army (GOA, O-11) has a rank insignia of 5 stars forming a pentagon. This rank is used only during certain military periods.
You must know where to look for the insignia. The enlisted and non-commissioned officers' uniforms include the field dress uniform (ACU), which is usually made of camouflage-colored fabric, and the "green" uniform, which usually consists of a tunic and trousers or a rough cloth skirt. Distinctive signs are located in different places, depending on the type of form:
Law
US military ranks - what are their features?
May 8, 2013Most of us know about the army of the United States of America from films in which the military knows neither reproach, nor fear, nor pride. Attentive people must have noticed that US military ranks are quite different from Russian ones. For example, for Russians, a sergeant is the same soldier, but with a little more power, and a captain is a low rank of officer. And if we consider the same ranks, but only in the USA, it turns out that their sergeant is a big and powerful person, and the captain is something distant, almost sky-high.
The military ranks of the US Army have a fairly large sergeant staff (6 ranks). The sergeant major and command sergeant major, which many call positions, not ranks, are both representatives of sergeants in the army leadership who are trying to protect their interests, and at the same time their bosses. Also, the military ranks of the United States are the chief sergeant of command (one for each branch of the military and in all large divisions of the army) and the chief sergeant of the army (in the committee of the chief of staff). Probably, many have already noticed that the American army is characterized by double ranks. One of them is permanent, the other is temporary. For example, if a second lieutenant is appointed to the position of company commander, he is immediately given the temporary rank of captain. After some time, he will “grow up” to the rank of first lieutenant, then to captain. And so - until the permanent title coincides with the temporary one.
Now let's look at other US military ranks.
General of the Army is the highest military rank in the United States. Its counterpart in other countries are marshal and field marshal. As a rule, it is assigned during the war.
Commodore is a rank belonging to the officer corps. This is a step more than a captain, but less than a rear admiral. Canceled in 1899, but when the second World War, then some US military ranks were temporarily restored, among them Commodore.
The master sergeant is part of the sergeant corps of the US Army and many other countries. This rank is in eighth place in the military hierarchy.
First sergeant is a rank referring to the non-commissioned officers of the US Army. This is practically the same as the master sergeant.
Private first class - a simple rank of a conscript or a higher one for an ordinary soldier. It is the third rank in the ground forces. It is located between the private and the corporal (or specialist).
Sergeant First Class - refers to the sergeant staff of the US Army and several other countries. Ranks seventh in the ranks, between staff sergeant and first sergeant or master sergeant.
Sergeant Major ( ground troops) - a rare military rank, which refers to the sergeants.
Specialist is a military rank of private in the US Army. It is similar to the rank of corporal, but it is not included in the sergeant's ranks.
Senior Lieutenant - junior rank officers of the army of many states, including Russia.
Staff sergeant - the rank of the army, which is part of the sergeant staff. In the United States, it is at the sixth step and is between the ranks of sergeant and sergeant first class.
In addition, US military ranks have another, called conditional, term - cadet. This is a student of the Military Academy of the United States of America "West Point".
Source: fb.ruActual
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
A state that does not have a potential enemy near its borders was able to build powerful armed forces with the most modern weapons. The US Army has a little over a million military personnel (whose training is considered a modern model for most armies on the planet), as well as almost seven hundred thousand civilian employees. Up to five hundred thousand people serve in the ground forces, up to two hundred thousand in the reserve army and almost four hundred and fifty thousand in the National Guard.
The American army, in terms of the level of funds spent on it, occupies a leading position on the planet. Thus, the military budget of 2016 provided for more than 607 billion dollars to be spent on the needs of the army, which amounted to more than 34% of the global military spending. According to independent sources, this is three times more than China's defense spending and seven times more than Russia's.
General Structure of the US Army
The US Army was founded in June 1775 by a decision of Congress, it was intended for the defense of a young independent state. The modern armed forces of America include independent types of aircraft:
- Ground troops;
- Air Force;
- Naval Forces;
- Marine Corps (MCC);
- Coast Guard.
Moreover, all, except for the Coast Guard, are directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense, while the latter is subordinate to the National Security Agency in peacetime, but during martial law it is also reassigned to the Minister of Defense.
The US Constitution provides for the appointment of the President of the State by the Commander-in-Chief of the American Army. He, in turn, in peacetime controls the national Armed Forces, leading the civilian Minister of Defense, who is subordinate to the heads of subspecies of the Armed Forces. The heads of ministries are responsible for recruiting, equipping, organizing and supplying the army, and also control combat training personnel. The highest military commands of the branches of the Armed Forces are members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The chairman of this committee decides on the issues of coordinating the activities of everything related to the military command and control of the state.
The operational subordination of the US Armed Forces is currently reduced to nine unified commands, five of which are formed on the basis of a geographical principle.
Five unified commands:
- North American;
- South and Central American;
- European;
- Middle Eastern and Asian;
- Pacific.
The commanders of these unified commands are subordinate to all agencies of the branches of the US Armed Forces located in their areas of responsibility. The remaining four joint commands do not have their own areas of responsibility.
The Joint Commands are:
- Strategic Command. Engaged in strategic planning, oversees strategic nuclear weapon;
- Special Operations Training Command;
- Strategic Airlift Command;
- Joint Forces Command. Engaged in combat training in all types of aircraft.
American army recruiting
The American army is recruited on a voluntary basis and is based on a contract basis. The service accepts American citizens or permanent residents in the United States of America, with a residence permit, with at least a secondary education. Minimum Candidate Age to Pass military service- 18 years. However, if you achieve parental approval, then you can go to serve at the age of seventeen.
The age limit for active service is defined for each type of wax in the US Army. So, for example, the age limit could be:
- Air Force and Coast Guard - 27 years;
- Marine Corps - 28 years;
- Naval Forces - 34 years;
- Ground Forces - 42 years.
Each contractor signs a service contract for a period of four to eight years.
National-racial composition
The United States of America is a multinational state. The national composition of the country is represented, in addition to Europeans, by African Americans, Asians and Hispanics. The same picture is displayed in the construction of the American army.
So, according to information from open sources, the following are serving in the Armed Forces of America:
- European Americans - 63%;
- African Americans - 15%;
- Hispanics - 10%;
- Asians - 4%;
- Indians and Alaska Natives, 2%;
- Others from mixed marriages of different - 2%;
- 4% have not decided on a race or nationality.
It should be noted that last group includes those who do not have US citizenship, but have the right to permanent residence in the US. Most of them go to serve in the army, as this makes it much easier to obtain American citizenship.
Gender
By gender, American military personnel are divided into:
- Men - 86%;
- Women - 14%.
For many years it was assumed that only officers could be professional soldiers in the American army. However, after the Vietnam War, during the reformation of the army in the early seventies, the status of professional military personnel was received by sergeants and warrant officers.
Mobilization resources
The total American population is over 325 million. This provides the army with extremely large mobilization resources. According to some estimates, mobile resources may be more than one hundred and ten million American citizens.
More than four million Americans and American women reach military age each year. In addition, the state has at its disposal approximately eight hundred and fifty thousand so-called "reservists" of all branches of the armed forces. A separate branch of the military is the American National Guard, formed by reserve groups created by the army and the Air Force. The total number of National Guardsmen in the United States is approximately three hundred and fifty thousand military personnel.
Features of service in the US National Guard
A feature of service in the American National Guard is the combination of service and work in a civilian specialty. Every year, the National Guard accepts approximately sixty thousand American citizens into its ranks. All of them are ordered to undergo combat training in groups and individually. In total, there are forty-eight programs of four hours each, performed on weekends throughout the year.
In addition, the national guardsmen are sent to the camp for two weeks to participate in command-staff and military exercises together with army formations. All employers have been officially warned that if they try to prevent the servicemen of the National Guard from performing the service and combat tasks assigned by the state, then they may even face criminal liability.
In addition to patriotic feelings, Americans are motivated by various benefits that are provided to those serving in the US National Guard:
- Supplement to pay for accommodation;
- An increase to pay for treatment;
- Preferential sale of goods and products in military stores;
- Refueling at military gas stations (at a price 50% cheaper than the market price);
- An increase in pension;
- Others.
Features of US military doctrine
AT recent times American military leadership assumes the concentration of its resources in five major areas:
- Elimination of terrorism and expansion of WMD;
- Intelligence service;
- Preparation for information wars, including the protection of their informatization and communications systems, as well as the elimination of similar enemy systems;
- The struggle for military superiority in the airspace with an emphasis on the development of unmanned aircraft;
- Development of military space technologies.
At the same time, the American military doctrine draws attention to the preparation for combat clashes during non-traditional and hybrid conflicts.
US Army, Air Force and Navy weapons
Infantry weapons:
- Tanks - over eight thousand;
- Armored fighting vehicles - almost twenty-six thousand;
- Self-propelled artillery pieces - almost two thousand;
- Towed artillery - almost one thousand eight hundred;
- Missile systems - more than a thousand three hundred.
- Aircraft - more than thirteen and a half thousand;
- Fighters - more than two thousand two hundred and twenty;
- Combat aircraft with a fixed wing - more than two thousand six hundred;
- Military transport aircraft - more than five thousand two hundred;
- Training aircraft - more than two and a half thousand;
- Helicopters - more than six thousand;
- Combat helicopters - more than nine hundred.
Military units and formations
- Branch (squad) - nine to ten military personnel, these are US Army soldiers commanded by a sergeant. Least structural element in the American army;
- Platoon (platoon) - sixteen to forty-four servicemen led by a lieutenant. A platoon consists of two to four squads;
- Company (company) - sixty-two to one hundred and ninety military personnel. It consists of three to five platoons, a company is commanded by a captain;
- US Army battalion - 300,000 troops. It consists of four to six companies, the battalion is commanded by a lieutenant colonel;
- Brigade (brigade) - three to five thousand military personnel. It consists of three to five battalions led by a colonel;
- Division (division) - ten to fifteen thousand military personnel. Its usual composition is three brigades, the division is led by a major general;
- Corps (corps) - two to forty-five thousand troops. It consists of two to five divisions, the corps is controlled by a lieutenant general;
The chevron and patches of the US Army are distinctive signs that are attached to clothing and reflect belonging to certain structures, official position, type of troops, as well as service in a particular unit. In addition, chevrons with patches can indicate length of service, terms of study at a military educational institution, military or special ranks in the US Army. They can complement shoulder straps and buttonholes or even replace them. It may also be a qualification badge, or "US Army badge".
If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.
The United States of America is the most powerful state in the capitalist world, the political and military center of imperialism. They maintain numerous armed forces, a significant part of which is located outside the continental part of the country in readiness to conduct aggressive operations against Soviet Union and other countries of the socialist community and unleashing local wars aimed at strangling people's liberation movements.
Ground forces are considered one of the main types of armed forces. They belong to general-purpose forces and are designed to conduct combat operations independently or jointly with the Air Force and Navy, both in limited warfare and in a general nuclear war.
In peacetime, the US Army consists of the regular army and reserve components (Army Reserve and Army national guard). According to the foreign press, at present the regular army has: 13 divisions (three infantry, four mechanized, three armored, airborne, airmobile, cavalry Trikap, which is in the final stage of reorganization into an armored division); six separate brigades(three infantry, armored, infantry airmobile, anti-tank) and three separate armored cavalry regiments. The number of personnel is 785 thousand people.
Since July 1, 1973, the ground forces, like all US armed forces, have been staffed with volunteers. The US Army officer corps is replenished mainly by graduates of the military school West Point, officer candidate schools and non-military training courses for officers at civilian educational institutions (ROTS courses), as well as by conferring officer ranks on some military personnel from among the sergeants and enlisted and civilian specialists with higher technical or special education.
U.S. Army Supreme Command
The supreme command body of the US Army is the Department of the Army (Fig. 1), headed by a minister appointed by the President of the country for a period of four years from among civilians. He is responsible for the construction, recruitment and mobilization deployment of the ground forces, their combat training, logistics, as well as for research and development work in the field of organization, armament and combat use of the ground forces. The Minister of the Army directs the work of the Ministry through his apparatus and the Army Headquarters.Rice. 1. The supreme governing bodies of the US Army
The army headquarters is headed by the chief of staff - a general appointed by the president of the country for a period of two years. The Chief of Staff of the Army is an adviser to the President, the Minister of Defense and the Minister of the Army on all matters relating to the construction and use of the ground forces.
The ministry and army headquarters are located in Washington in the Pentagon building.
United States Army Organization
The ground forces are organized organizationally into commands, army corps, divisions, separate brigades, armored cavalry regiments, battalions and companies. In addition, the ground forces have separate groups of troops special purpose, divisions UR, NUR and ZUR. divisions of field and anti-aircraft artillery, as well as other units and subunits of military branches and services.The U.S. Army has the following major commands: Continental U.S. Army, Training, and scientific research for the construction of ground forces, logistics. In addition, there are commands for communications, medical support, investigation, recruitment of volunteers, military transportation. computing systems. Command rights have US ground forces in the European zone, US ground forces in South Korea, US Army in Japan, Army Security, military school West Point, Army War College (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Major US Army Commands
The command of the ground forces on the continental part of the United States (Fig. 3) manages formations and units of the regular army and the reserve (deployed on the continental part of the country, in Alaska, in the zone of Central and South America and on the Havana Islands), formations and units of the ground forces of the national guard. It is led by a commander in the knowledge of a general. The headquarters is located at Fort McPherson, Georgia. It simultaneously serves as the headquarters of the ground forces of the command of the readiness forces of the US armed forces.
Rice. 3. Army Command Organizations in the Continental United States
Three headquarters of the armies (military districts) are subordinated to the command of the ground forces in the continental United States, which organize the combat training of formations and units of the ground forces of the National Guard. To solve this problem, in the zone of responsibility of the headquarters of the armies (military districts), at the main bases and in the training centers of the regular army, nine headquarters of readiness areas and 26 headquarters of readiness groups were created. Each readiness area has an exercise area command whose headquarters is responsible for planning, organizing and conducting command post and tactical exercises and inspections.
The command of educational and scientific research on the construction of the ground forces manages the activities of training centers and schools of the armed forces and services, determines the role and tasks of the ground forces in the war, develops the organizational structure of formations, units and subunits, as well as requirements for new types of weapons and military equipment, participates in the conduct of exercises and maneuvers in order to test the organization, weapons and tactics of the troops, and also issues charters and manuals for the ground forces. It is headed by a commander with the rank of general. The headquarters is located in Fort Luonro, Virginia.
The command subordinates 25 training centers and schools for military branches and services, seven training centers for recruits, three specialized centers for scientific research on the construction of ground forces and four regional centers for non-arms training of officers at civilian educational institutions.
Training centers and schools for military branches and command services are designed for the training, retraining and specialization of privates and non-commissioned officers and junior officers. Schools offer numerous courses in various specialties for different categories of military personnel lasting from several weeks to several months.
Training centers for the training of recruits are completed by newly arrived military personnel. Here they undergo a course of initial military training, after which they are sent to training centers, schools of military branches and services or directly to military units.
Specialized centers for scientific research on the construction of ground forces are developing new methods and methods of conducting combat operations, the organizational and staffing structure of formations and units, the performance characteristics of new types of weapons and military equipment and their verification during exercises and maneuvers.
Regional centers for non-military training of officers in civil educational institutions conduct instructor and methodological work at ROTS courses operating at 293 universities and colleges, 628 general education schools and 17 private cadet schools. The staff of each regional center consists of 70 instructors and methodologists, 35 of them are military personnel.
The Logistics Command of the Ground Forces conducts research and development work to create new and improve existing types of weapons, military equipment, equipment, equipment and other military property, conduct their military tests, organize production, purchase, storage, repair and Maintenance. The command is responsible for providing the ground forces with all the wines of supplies, with the exception of general allowances (food, clothing, fuel, etc.). The functions of providing these items are assigned to the supply department of the Ministry of Defense.
For the development, production and testing of weapons, military equipment and military equipment, the command has its own scientific centers, laboratories, arsenals, test sites, repair plants and warehouses. In addition, the command involves government research institutions and enterprises, as well as private firms, in the work. The total number of personnel employed in all MTO command bodies is about 130,000 people, of which about 11,000 are servicemen. The command is headed by a commander with the rank of general. The headquarters is located in Alexandria, Virginia.
The Army Logistics Command has seven peripheral directorates: missile weapons (located at the Redstone Arsenal, Alabama), armored vehicles (Warren, Michigan), weapons (Rock Island, Illinois), army aviation (St. Louis, Missouri), electronics and communications (Fort Monmouth, NJ), engineering and support (St. Louis, Missouri), weapons and military equipment testing and evaluation (Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland).
The rest of the army commands (communications, medical support, investigations, recruitment of volunteers, military transportation, computing systems) perform tasks corresponding to their names. They do not have combat formations and units in their composition.
According to the foreign press, the largest grouping of US ground forces has been created on the continental part of the country. It has two corps headquarters, seven divisions, three separate brigades, an armored cavalry regiment and a large number of units and subunits of combat and logistic support. This grouping is integral part Command of the Readiness Forces of the US Armed Forces and serves as a strategic reserve for strengthening US troops in overseas territories.
One of the largest and most combat-ready groupings of US ground forces in overseas territories is the US ground forces in the European zone. According to the American command, it is designed to ensure the conduct of the US foreign policy in this region of the world.
The US ground forces in the European zone (Fig. 4) are an integral part of the united ground forces of the block on. According to the foreign press, they are part of the Central Army Group, whose area of responsibility covers the southern lands: Bavaria, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Saarland. The commander of the US Army in the European zone is also the commander of the Central Army Group. The headquarters of the US ground forces in the European zone is located in Heidelberg (Germany).
Rice. 4. US ground forces in the European zone
According to the American press, the US ground forces in the European zone include the 5th and 7th Army Corps, the 56th UR Brigade, the 32nd Air Defense Command, and combat and logistics support units.
The 5th Army Corps includes the 8th mechanized and 3rd armored divisions, the 11th separate armored cavalry regiment, the 41st and 42nd field artillery groups, units and subunits of combat and logistics support.
The 7th Army Corps consists of the 3rd Mechanized and 1st Armored Divisions, the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Mechanized Division (the other two brigades of this division are stationed in the United States), the 2nd Separate Armored Cavalry Regiment of the 72nd and 210th th groups of field artillery, units and subunits of logistic support.
The 56th brigade of the UR "Pershing" has three divisions, the 32nd air defense command - 12 divisions of missiles and.
The Berlin Infantry Brigade and the South European tactical group stationed in Italy (headquarters in Vicenza) are also subordinate to the commander of the US ground forces in the European zone.
The American command provides, if necessary, to reinforce its troops in the European zone by transferring so-called "dual-based" formations and units from the continental United States to Western Europe, whose heavy weapons and military equipment are in American warehouses in Germany. Tasks for the transfer of American "double-based" troops are practiced annually in exercises under the code name.
For the material, technical and medical support of the US ground searches in the European zone, a wide network of military, operational and territorial rear services has been created.
The US ground forces in South Korea are combined into the 8th Army, whose headquarters is also the headquarters of the US military forces in South Korea. The headquarters of the 1st joint US-South Korean army corps(which includes the US 2nd Infantry Division), 4th Missile Command (one UR battalion and a NUR battalion), 38th SAM Brigade (a Nike-Hercules SAM battalion and three Hawk SAM battalions), and logistics units.
The US ground forces in Japan are represented by the headquarters of the 9th Army Corps and some rear units and subunits located in Japan and on about. Okinawa.
United States Army Reserve Components
In plans for the construction of ground forces, the military-political leadership of the United States pays great attention to reserve components as the main base for mobilization deployment and reinforcement of the regular army. In accordance with the law, they are divided into organized and unorganized (or individual) reserves.The U.S. Army Organized Reserve includes Army National Guard and Army National Guard Reserve formations organized and manned by assigned personnel, equipped with weapons and military equipment by states similar to those of the regular army. They are kept in a high degree of combat and mobilization readiness. The combat composition and strength of the organized reserve are annually approved by Congress. In the organized reserve of the ground forces there are formations and units built on the same principle as in the regular army. They are equipped with basically the same weapons as the regular army.
At present, the army reserve includes 19 reserve commands, 12 training divisions, three separate brigades (pbr - 2, mbr - 1), the number of personnel is 230 thousand people; and as part of the ground forces of the national guard, eight divisions (pd - 5, md - 1, brtd - 2), 18 separate brigades (pbr - 9, mbr - 6, brtbr - 3), four separate armored cavalry regiments, the number of personnel is 400 thousand . human.
The military-political leadership of the United States assigns the main role to the organized reserve in developing plans for the construction of its ground forces, considering it as the main source of rapid mobilization deployment of the regular army for waging war.
The unorganized reserve is made up of storekeepers and retirees who have served certain deadlines in the regular army and in the organized reserve and who are registered with the military. The unorganized reserve is not actually included in the ground forces, however, in the event of a mobilization announcement or by special decision of the president, its personnel can be used to complete the regular army units and the organized reserve, as well as to make up for losses.
Prospects for the development of US ground forces
The US Army is continuously working to improve existing and create new models of weapons and military equipment. At the same time, the main efforts are aimed at increasing the firepower and rate of fire of weapon systems, reducing their weight and increasing maneuverability on the battlefield, ensuring reliability in operation, ease of maintenance and repair. The most actively developed new types of weapons and military equipment include the KhM1 main battle tank, the MICV infantry fighting vehicle, the AAN fire support helicopter, the UTTAS utility helicopter, the SAM-D anti-aircraft missile system, the short-range ZURO system, and the anti-tank guided complex.The ground forces are being equipped with new, more effective types of weapons and military equipment, and above all with nuclear attack weapons. Divisions of UR "Sergeant" and NUR "Honest John" are replaced new system, divisions of the Hawk missiles are being re-equipped with improved Hawk missiles, tank battalions receive more advanced M60A1 and M60A2 tanks, the number of ATGMs in infantry and motorized infantry battalions is increasing, fire support helicopters are equipped with these ATGMs to fight tanks.
Measures are also being taken to improve the command and control bodies of the ground forces. In 1974, the army headquarters was reorganized, the structure and functions of departments and departments of the headquarters were revised, the positions of assistant chief of staff for the construction of ground forces and combat training, assistant chief of staff for communications, chief of reserve components, and chief of the military police were abolished. Their functions were transferred to other bodies of the army headquarters and command headquarters. Simultaneously with the reorganization of the army headquarters in 1974, some intermediate and secondary headquarters of the commands of the US ground forces in the Alaska zone, in the zone of Central and South America, in the zone Pacific Ocean, U.S. Army Intelligence Command, U.S. Army Logistics and Engineering Command in the European Area, and U.S. Continental Air Defense Command. The functions of the liquidated headquarters were transferred to the headquarters of the army and the headquarters of other commands.
At the expense of the saved funds and the released personnel, the American military leadership plans to form new formations and units and change the ratio between the number of combat troops and support troops from 45:55 to 62:38 by 1978. According to the foreign press, the number of divisions of the regular army is increasing from 13 to 16, and separate sabotage and reconnaissance battalions "Rangers" are being formed. The deployment of new divisions (two infantry and mechanized) has already begun on the continental part. They are supposed to be formed by 1978. The American command intends to keep the divisions in a two-brigade composition. If necessary, they will be understaffed up to full states at the expense of separate brigades of the organized reserve. At present, the continental United States has already formed for separate battalions Rangers. In the future, it is planned to increase them to nine. They are intended to solve special problems in the territories of foreign states.
In 1974, the test of an experienced cavalry division "Trikap" was completed. Having studied organizational structure and combat capabilities of the division, as well as having gained some experience of its combat use during the exercises, the American command came to the conclusion that it was inappropriate to this stage to have a unit of this type in the ground forces. Therefore, it was decided in 1975 to reorganize the division into an armored one.
In 1974, partial changes were made to the organization of the airmobile division, as a result of which the division's artillery was increased by a division of 155-mm howitzers (18 guns). As a result, the division gained the ability to use tactical nuclear weapons and, in the opinion of the American command, became more adapted to conduct combat operations in various theaters of operations.
In accordance with the concept of "unified forces", formations and units of an organized reserve are transferred to an organizational and staff structure similar to that of regular troops, are staffed by assigned personnel in these states, are equipped with modern weapons and military equipment, conduct combat training according to unified plans and programs or in conjunction with regular troops. For better organization of combat training, formations and units of the organized reserve are dispersed throughout the United States closer to formations and units of the regular army, to their training base.
To increase the combat and strike power of an organized reserve, individual infantry and airborne brigades are reorganized into mechanized and armored, as a result of which the number of separate infantry brigades in the organized reserve has decreased by four, airborne - by one, the number of separate mechanized brigades has increased by three, and armored - by two.
In general, the construction of the US ground forces is carried out in such a way as to significantly increase their firepower and strike power, mobility and mobility on the battlefield without increasing their numbers, to make them an obedient tool of US imperialism, capable of waging wars of aggression both with and without the use of nuclear weapons. .
Giving priority in the war to the joint actions of the branches of the armed forces and combat arms, American military experts at the same time emphasize that only ground forces are capable of capturing and holding territory. At the same time, special importance is attached to the highly mobile formations of these troops in local wars, as well as in the suppression of the national liberation movement in individual countries.
To the question In what order are the American military ranks? given by the author Alexsey the best answer is The US Armed Forces consist of four main components - the army (US Army), navy (US Navy), aviation (US Air Force) and Marines(US Marine Corps). Each of these main branches of the military has its own rank system. This table lists the ranks of the army only.
The US Army rank system has a number of features. First of all, this is a developed category of sergeants. This category has six titles. Moreover, Command sergeant major (Command sajant meyzha), and Sergeant major of the Army (Sajant meydzha of tze ami) are more positions than ranks. These sergeants are the chiefs of all sergeants and at the same time their representatives in the top leadership of the armed forces, defenders of the interests of all subordinate sergeants. In a free translation, his title sounds like this - "Chief Sergeant". There are: a) chief sergeant of command (there is one in each branch of the military and in each major military association (army, corps, etc.); b) chief sergeant of the army (there is one under the Committee of Chiefs of Staff).
For officers and generals in the US Army, there is a peculiar system of double ranks. Each of them has two titles - permanent and temporary. A permanent rank is a rank just like in our army. Temporary rank necessarily corresponds to the position held.
The highest permanent rank in the US Army is Major-general (Meija-general). All other general ranks are temporary, that is, the general is in the appropriate position. The rank of General of the Army is awarded only in time of war.
Enlisted- Soldiers
Non-Commissioned officers - Sergeants
Warrant officers -Warrant officers (ensigns)
Сompany grade officers -Company rank officers (junior officers)
Field grade officers - Senior officers
General officers - Higher officers (generals)
Code Category Pay grades
(Rank code) Name of the rank [Abbr. name ranks]
0 Enlisted E1 Private
1a E2 Private (Private)
1b E3 Private first class
2а E4 Сorporal (Corporal)
or
Specialist (Specialist)
2b Noncommissioned officers E5 Sergeant (Sajant)
3 E6 Staff sergeant
4 E7 Sergeant first class
5а E8 Master sergeant (Master sergeant)
or
First sergeant (First sergeant)
5b E9 Sergeant major
or
Command sergeant major (Command sergeant major)
5v E9 Sergeant major of the Army
6a Warrant officers W1 Warrant officer 1 (Warrant office one) (WO1]
6b W2 Chief warrant officer 2
6v W3 Chief warrant officer 3 (Chief warrant office sri)
6g W4 Chief warrant officer 4
6d W5 Chief warrant officer 5
or
Master warrant officer 4 (Master warrant office fo)
7 Сompany officers grade O1 Second lieutenant (Second lutenant)
8 O2 First lieutenant
9 O3 Сaptain (Captain)
10 Field grade officers O4 Major (Majer)
11 O5 Lieutenant colonel
12 O6 Сolonel (Kyonel) (COL]
13 General officers O7 Brigadier General (Brigadier General)
14 O8 Major General (Majer General)
15 O9 Lieutenant General
16 O10 General (General)
17 - General of the Army (General of tze ami)