The concept of forming a system of vocational training. Modern problems of science and education Concepts of vocational education and training
System vocational training unemployed citizens- this is a set of interacting legal acts, successive educational programs of various levels and directions; infrastructure networks to provide the population with a wide range of career guidance services; networks educational institutions implementing educational programs of vocational training, management bodies.
In the construction and selection of elements of the system, it is of particular importance system-structural approach. Essence: the process of creating a system includes a theoretical substantiation of the hierarchy of its goals and objectives, the structure and principles of formation; clarification of the basic concepts related to the system, pedagogical support and construction targeted programs vocational training; definition of criteria for the competitive selection of educational institutions; development of principles for constructing a management model for the Proposed System.
the main objective vocational training systems for unemployed citizens- Ensuring the right of the unemployed population to a wide range of educational services aimed at increasing competitiveness and professional mobility, facilitating employment, as well as maintaining a balance between labor supply and demand.
System task- optimize the process of personnel training, taking into account socio-economic, psychological, pedagogical, organizational and managerial factors.
Based comparative analysis existing educational systems the following principles system building:
Flexibility, multilevelness and multifunctionality;
taking into account general trends in the development of education;
availability for all categories of the unemployed population
with simultaneous priority for weakly protected
layers;
Satisfying the needs of the unemployed population in
vocational training, providing them with a wide
range of services in choosing a profession, specialty, orientation of training to new areas labor activity;
promotion of labor activity, entrepreneurship
and other forms of self-employment;
Career guidance and psychological support for the population;
expansion of independence, optimal management;
· multi-channel funding sources, optimization of terms and cost of training;
Close cooperation with social partners.
« Vocational training” (according to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”) aims to accelerated acquisition by students of the skills necessary to perform certain work, groups of work. Vocational training, as a rule, is not accompanied by an increase in the educational level of the student. Vocational training is aimed at the accelerated acquisition by students of the special knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to perform certain work, groups of work.
AT contemporary literature and in the law "On Education" there is no clarity in the differentiation of the concepts of "professional retraining" and "internship". The following definitions of these terms can be proposed:
« professional retraining»
is getting
citizens according to the relevant educational programs of additional knowledge and skills necessary to perform a new type professional activity and
assigning them the appropriate qualifications;
"internship" is the formation and consolidation of
practice of professional knowledge and skills acquired in
the result of theoretical training.
The effective functioning of the system of vocational training of the unemployed population requires the implementation following conditions:
· systematic forecasting of the most demanded professions and specialties, provision of information, consultations and professional orientation of the population on this basis;
Creation of infrastructure for career guidance and psychological support population;
selection of educational institutions on a competitive basis and the possibility of promptly updating the list of professions and
educational and program documentation;
Development and use in the educational process of the kit teaching materials both for learners and
and for teachers;
· development of criteria for the effectiveness of training, systematic evaluation of learning outcomes and making the necessary adjustments to the educational process.
At the same time, the specifics of the vocational training of the unemployed should be taken into account, which consists in a wide variety of professions and specialties (more than 400) and forms of education (training, retraining, mastering related professions, advanced training, internships), in short terms of training (up to one year), and at a fast pace. updates of educational and program documentation. A two-level system for the development of normative legal acts and educational and methodological documents is expedient.
On the first level(federal) adopts fundamental documents that define the strategy for the formation and development of the system being created and are binding on all subjects of the federation. On the second level(subjects of the federation) adopt the relevant regulatory legal acts and documents that are mandatory for this region. To date, the regulatory and legal framework for vocational training has been basically created, which makes it possible to purposefully solve the tasks set.
an important step for further development system of vocational training adoption in 1999 of the "Concept of vocational training, advanced training and retraining of unemployed citizens and the unemployed population." Essence:
· disclosed the essence of the ongoing state policy of labor market regulation;
· goals and objectives of vocational training for unemployed citizens, laid-off workers and the unemployed population, career guidance and psychological support for the population;
· the main approaches to solving the multifaceted tasks facing employment services in terms of providing services for vocational guidance and vocational training for unemployed citizens, redundant workers and employers.
The Concept is based on the following principles:
· orientation of training of citizens to new spheres of labor activity, social adaptation of citizens;
· continuity of training and taking into account the existing educational potential and work skills;
· modular principle of education content formation, multivariance and flexibility of forms, methods and means of education;
• anticipatory nature of training, which helps to reduce the period of involuntary unemployment;
・Professional support educational process;
· Variety of funding sources and cost optimization for the provision of vocational training services.
The concept proceeds from the fact that young people (under 18 years of age), looking for a job for the first time, should receive a profession or specialty, as a rule, in vocational educational institutions before starting work. To this end, the employment service provides young people with information about specialties and professions that are in demand on the labor market, professional educational institutions, and facilitates their referral to study.
Depending on the situation on the labor market, a different qualitative composition of the unemployed will be formed in terms of the level of education and the professional and qualification composition. Required to apply variable approach to the organization of vocational training. Essence:
With unemployment within 2%, the main directions in working with the population are as follows:
Persons who do not have a profession can undergo primary training for professions that are in demand on the labor market. This training can be carried out in institutions of primary, secondary, higher vocational education, training and course complexes and directly at enterprises, in training centers employment services.
For unemployed citizens who cannot be offered a suitable job, and persons who are not able to work in their previous profession (specialty), professional retraining or training in second professions should be organized. In this case, retraining or upgrading their qualifications, training in second professions, it is advisable to carry out at enterprises, in PU, at various kinds of intersectoral courses and at centers.
With a high level of unemployment, the vocational training system should provide a partial accumulation of the labor reserve and counteract the growth of stagnant structural unemployment. The solution of these problems will require the establishment of differentiated training periods, the use of intensive educational technologies.
The concept defines the main strategic directions for the formation of a system of vocational training for the unemployed and is open in nature. It implies a flexible response of the territorial employment services to the labor market situation, making additions taking into account the specifics of the regions.
The implementation of the Concept allowed:
create an effective system of social protection without
working citizens by providing a wide range of
educational services aimed at increasing their professional mobility and competitiveness in
labor market;
improve the efficiency of employment of the unemployed
citizens and reduce the period of unemployment;
· to improve the mechanism of interaction with social partners;
create equal employment opportunities for different
social groups population;
· to form the necessary prerequisites for the effective functioning of the system of vocational training for the unemployed.
The formation of a system of vocational training for the unemployed requires new approaches to the construction of the content, methods and organizational forms of training.
Systems and concepts of vocational education Step-by-step training Step-by-step training The concept of training in one profession The concept of basic and special vocational training Multi-level vocational training Training of specialists in reduced terms of training 2
TO THE CONCEPT OF TRAINING ONE PROFESSION. According to this concept, already in the first year of vocational training, special training for a specific profession takes place according to a single plan during one training cycle, which ends with an exam. 3
STEP TRAINING: The vocational training cycle is divided into several stages. Appropriate exams are taken at each level of study; student can stop further education and start a professional activity with the appropriate qualifications. 5
STAGE STAGE TRAINING 1 basic vocational training within a group of professions, which is the basis for further specialized vocational education 2 general vocational specialization. Training is carried out in several specialties at the same time 3 special vocational training in order to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to fulfill the definitions of a qualifying professional activity. 6
THE CONCEPT OF BASIC AND SPECIAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING provides for the main stage of basic vocational education in a group of related professions (poly vocational training) and a special stage for obtaining special vocational education in a specific specialty (mono vocational training). The main principle of the concept of basic and special vocational training is the principle of specialization: training at a special level is carried out according to a certain specialization. 9
D IVERSIFICATION OF EDUCATION (lat. diversicatio - change, diversity) - a variety of levels and forms of education. Educational and scientific components are created on the basis of universities, or secondary educational institutions are merged into a single educational institution under the auspices of universities. 12
Multi-level vocational training
Modernization of the content structureCharacteristics of the educational system
in Russia
The development of vocational education abroad at the endXIX- first halfXXin.
The current state of vocational education abroad
The Bologna Process
System vocational training personnel in the Russian Federation
The vocational education system includes a network professional institutions implementing educational process and implementing relevant educational programs.
Mandatory minimum content of each major professional educational program(for a specific profession, specialty) is established by the relevant state educational standard.
Personnel training is carried out not only in professional educational institutions, but also in the apprenticeship system in production and in the process of course preparation.
Under education in law Russian Federation“On education” is understood as a purposeful process of training and education in the interests of the individual, society, state, accompanied by a statement of the achievement by a citizen (student) of educational levels (educational qualifications) determined by the state. The former initial priority orientation of education only towards the goals of the state is radically changing. Education is considered as a process of training and education (I pay attention to the order) of the individual, society and the state. The formation of Russia in market relations, which provides for the export and import of technologies and labor, led to inevitable changes in the system of vocational education, expressed in the integration of educational institutions and the organization of a multi-level and step-by-step system of personnel training in them
Critical analysis of the system that existed in the recent past teacher education(E. P. Belozertsev, G. G. Vorobyov, V. N. Goncharov, A. A. Grekov, L. V. Levchuk, V. M. Lopatkin, V. A. Slastyonin, etc.) showed that she had such shortcomings, to overcome which changes of a fundamental nature are needed.
Scientific and technological progress, the union of countries in the WTO, fierce competition in the world, etc. create the problem of human ecology, nature and corruption of society. Many problems are consequences of the limitations of the worldview of "classical" science. But science is ready for an expert review of the foundations of the culture of thinking and the creation of conditions for the development of a modern worldview. Without waiting for the destructive anomalies of the biosphere, it is necessary to uncover the mechanisms driving forces these problems and ensure moral standards. Achieving effective methods of education and competitiveness requires the mobilization of human internal resources. A new worldview is formed on the basis of leading modern discoveries, methods and concepts. Legislative promptness of state officials and their humanity are important. Let's discuss an effective innovative method of education that has been successfully tested /3,4/.
Below is justified the revision of the classical method of cognition of the modern at the planetary (1), social (2) and personal (3) levels in order to clarify the process of formation of modern consciousness and educational methods and systems. Let us present the required arguments of science.
1. New approaches that clarify moral and environmental problems have been adopted by us due to the limitations of classical forms of perception of the world. For cognition in science, R. Descartes and the founder of the classroom method of teaching J. Komensky demanded only the functions of logic and ethics, which determine outer sphere life - the resources of nature (matter, energy). They are "secondary". And human resources (his “primary” spatio-temporal landmark!) - sensory-intuitive perception then, being not in demand due to an excess of natural resources, called irrational - remained “overboard”. At the dawn of the 17th century, the use in science of only "secondary" functions, called "rational" (?), was recognized as effective. And this "success" was "sung" by classical writers. So, for centuries, the “classical” traditions were systematically fixed. The underdevelopment of classical science associated with incompleteness cognitive processes, which form individualism in a person, in society - a consumer civilization, are stubbornly preserved to this day. Although there were repeatedly futile attempts by thinkers (A. Poincaré, B. Russell and others) to resuscitate them. Insufficient consistency and depth of research in science did not lead to success. And the education system fell into decay, experiencing a crisis and a "revolution in education" /1/. Modern world in the grip of a limitedly recognized knowledge, devoid of a planet-sparing ideology, the community of the world and civilization leads to a dead end development: there are anomalies in the biosphere of nature. Deteriorating it, society and human ecology. The uncontrollability of nature and society is dangerous: it can eventually lead to the destruction of the stability of the biosphere. New methods of education will remove these problems. Since a different, more effective, alternative is not visible.
In the development of criteria for education, it is necessary to accept the achievements of science - the universal laws of natural science: dichotomy and expediency, self-organization and cyclicity, deeply aware of the interconnected systemic nature of science, civilization, democratic norms, expanding them to the level of the planet. The beginnings of developments were laid by outstanding scientists: V. Vernadsky (1879-1945) (The doctrine of the "noosphere") and D. Rudhyar (1895-1985), who saw the possibility of uniting the collective mind. “One of the main such goals is participation in building a new society based not on “local” conditions of social, cultural or religious exclusivity, but on a global understanding of the integrity of humanity and the Earth” / D. Rudhyar. Planetarization of consciousness. Publisher: USA, 1945. Russian. ed., -M.: "Vakler", 1995, p.81/.
Progress in the technological sphere with the participation of man in the transformation of nature forms the "technosphere". It, mastering space and covering the "pantry of the weather", destroys nature: the problems of ecology are complicated. An ill-conceived impact on the environment arises due to the inferiority of the education system, moving into production and everyday life, leading to vicious socio-economic management, corruption. In understanding the problems of man (and nature), there is no systematic relationship between natural and social sciences, and in the interaction of countries - the wisdom of East-West thinking, action, organization! According to the law of natural science on expediency, in the scientific and educational sphere, laws generally recognized in the world should be adopted: principles and legal norms (with a sanction for failure to comply), which state: a) the principle of wisdom of the East (Eurasianism): “The world is one, whole, reasonable . Everything in the world is interconnected and interacts”; b) the principle of "Tao" - "One in everything, all in one"; c) the international motto of ecologists - "Think globally, act locally!", "Nature knows best!"; d) "International Declaration on the Right of Nations and Nationalities to Self-Determination" (Vienna, 1986), adopted by us (Moscow, 1988).
Within the framework of these principles, it is important to establish the energy (spirit, soul) according to the human life cycle with the determination of the level of sensory and intuition functions (1), the “career guidance corridor” - the area of competitiveness (2), motives, along with the determination of its external functions (3) . The new concept of education should contain for the Person (A) and Society (B) those mechanisms that are guaranteed by law: A) - the priority of the fundamental rights, freedoms and duties of a person, revising them taking into account the new worldview; - restoration of spiritual and moral principles in science and education; - open perception, understanding and acceptance of progressive world cultural and educational experience; B) - unity educational space and standards based on their expert selection based on the principle of usefulness, scientific validity and practical expediency in terms of: a) social and natural validity; b) economic and environmental efficiency; - construction educational standards on the ideology of ecological humanism (proposed below) and universal values, modern progressive methods of cognition, the principles of technologization, informatization (computer, Internet), planetarization of the education system and socialization (wisdom in the practice of life) of a person.
An analysis of the effectiveness of innovations in the vocational education system and many years (42, 20 and 17 years) of the authors' work experience lead to the idea: the education system should be organized by the simultaneous use (with a symbiosis effect, like a resonance in technology!) of the universal discoveries of natural science and effective methods communication of a teacher, who has previously established his characteristics of a “master”, with young people who have consciously determined the goals, motives and methods of their career guidance /3,4/. The leading concepts include: the system method in science, self-organization, global evolutionism (cyclicality) and taking into account fundamental teachings: R. Sperry, V. Stepin, E. Khamitov, I. Razumovskaya, A. Derkach and others. Nobel Laureate R. Sperry revealed the mechanism of functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, showed that they are equivalent. And the right hemisphere is responsible for irrational cognitive functions/3/. The level of manifestation of them and the energy of nature in the cycle of life a person (student, student, worker, etc.) determines himself on the basis of introspection (see paragraph 2) /4/. A set of cognitive functions forms an adequate worldview in his brain and he becomes capable of creativity, reflecting the phenomena and processes occurring in nature and planetary society.
2. The idea of planetarization of consciousness (that is, the creation of collective creativity in society) is presented in the concept of a humanistic approach to life by the astropsychologist and thinker of the 20th century D. Rudhyar. He realized the idea of "harmony of the spheres" of the thinker Pythagoras (580-500 BC), who developed the doctrine of the Cosmos ("macrocosm") as a regular, harmonious whole, subject to the laws of harmony ("music of the spheres") and number. Science is built on the basis of numbers from 1 (symbol of the Sun) to 9 (Mars). Humanity is interested in its aspirations to harmonize a person (“microcosm”) and human existence, organically fitting them into the rhythms of planetary cycles. To study the internal characteristics of a person: presenting a graph of energy changes throughout the life cycle, studying its professional patterns, etc., a psychomatrix built according to the map (calendar date and coordinate) of birth /4, pp.35-39/ is widely used. The calendar is based on the Solar-Jupiterian cycle. D. Rudhyar established compliance processes space phenomena with earthly entities through the cycles of the planets through the study of biopsychological effects and the "principle of synchronization" by C. Jung. According to D. Rudhyar, during the year, each day (and 5, 10, 30, 360 days) of birth has a planetary correspondence that determines the energy and biopsychological state of a person, called “birthday geniuses” (“Sabian degrees”), “five-day geniuses” ( "guardian angel"), "ten-day geniuses" (complexes of nature), etc., together with which his psyche, complexes, business preferences ("professional corridor") - the direction of "genius" are formed. For example, the symbol of sensory perception of the world (sensor function with a level assessment of “good”), represented by the numbers 22 (Bioenergy) -44 (Health) -66 (Industriousness) -88 (Reliability) in the psychomatrix in the form of a rhombus (circle), means that this person is a "master of the craft", etc. The rhombus symbol is the insignia of higher education. The science of socionics is based on the symbols of the function of cognition ("Jung's basis"). It is important that D. Rudhyar realized two points that affect earthly processes and life: “1) time is cyclical, the law of cycles covers all civilizations and all aspects of being; 2) Western civilization has entered the "autumn" phase of its development" / D. Radjar. Planets and personalities: an astrological study of psychological complexes and emotional problems. -M.: KLASSIK, 2002, p.190/. K.Jung developed the methodology of psychoanalysis and the fundamental typology of a person, “formulated one of the fundamental principles of scientific astrology - the “principle of synchronization”. He substantiated the idea that "cosmic periods do not form fate, but are synchronized with it" / Astrological Explanatory Dictionary.-M .: RIMEKS, 1992, p. 135 /. A person determines the functions of talent and creativity according to socionic tests, and career guidance - taking into account the entire (planetary-cyclic, hereditary-genetic and determination of the energy schedule) set of character factors /3, pp.7-12; 97-104; 4, p.34-40/. Everything ingenious is simple! A full-blooded study of nature (astropsychosynthesis by D. Rudhyar, psychoanalysis by C. Jung) allows a person to become “himself”, to achieve success in the intellectual sphere and in the field of elite sports.
So, in the cognitive theory of man, based on the developments of C. Jung and D. Rudhyar, new important factors are taken into account: 1) the processes of correspondence of cosmic phenomena with biopsychological ones, 2) hereditary-genetic. They complement the "classics", do not contradict the teachings of A. Einstein and N. Wiener, I. Prigogine and A. Austinavichute and others. The addition of the developments and achievements of the science of socionics in the method of "revived master class" allows the study of consciousness in a person and the formation of a planetary worldview /2,3,4/.
We note the discoveries and innovations that form the basis of the modern paradigm of science and the concept environmental education/4.5/. These are: a) the concept of a systemic method based on 4 functions of cognition (logic, ethics, sensory, intuition) instead of "classical" functions (logic and ethics). Functionalism and control laws in the living and inanimate world are the laws of cybernetics (N. Wiener, 1948), b) a universal phenomenon of self-organization in science. The science of synergetics (G. Haken, 1970) reveals the mechanism of the essence of natural and social phenomena and processes (I.Prigozhin. Nobel discovery, 1977) /2/; c) the specifics of the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres (R. Sperry. Nobel discovery, 1981). The validity of the provisions of K. Jung and D. Rudhyar comes from the expediency of taking into account the cycles of the planets (the thinker Pythagoras); d) taking into account the elements of instinct and traditions in the process of learning and the formation of the mind and civilization (F. Hayek. Nobel discovery, 1983); e) computer development (USA, 1976). The foundation information technologies and the exchange of planetary information via the Internet (predicted in the teachings of V. Vernadsky); f) the science of socionics (A. Austinavichyute, 1979, registered in the USSR Academy of Sciences as a promising direction).
The proposed concept allows the teacher to: master modern methods knowledge, and the student - also with reliable career guidance and competitiveness, showing high efficiency of training. Thus, approbation of the flow of HGF students for 1998-2003. gave 200% diplomas with honors in relation to 11 other faculties of the Bashkir State Pedagogical University and wonderful traditions: the presentation of "red" diplomas by the Rector and the Minister of Education of the Republic of Belarus, the organization of a gallery of a permanent exhibition artistic creativity students, the activation of the defense of dissertations by teachers, the admission of students to graduate school, etc. Positive examples turned out to be useful for other faculties and universities of the region /4,6/.
3. Modern systems approach a person is considered as a particle of a larger community - society and nature, co-evolving with them, and he himself, establishing a professional predisposition, retains his uniqueness, freedom of choice and remains a democratic person: he has the right to his own thoughts, feelings, taste, upbringing, but adheres to general principles nature, society /4/.
Conclusions. It is important that a person's ability to planetary thinking preserves his individual qualities, which contributes to the ideological progress of society and the conscious perception of the paradigm of science. The effectiveness of human self-knowledge and its cause-and-effect relationships in new developments of the moral and environmental norms of society is increasing /2,3,5/. When solving practical problems, acmeism of thinking is required /5/. Our methods contribute to overcoming problems. The results of approbation lead to conclusions that are of scientific and applied importance for nature (1) and society (2), and affirm the following patterns /2-4.6/:
(1) - the law of increasing the environmental sustainability of nature due to the clearly established diversity of the people of the planet by revealing their talent and creativity (defining career guidance), preconsciousness and social role. This regularity can be called the law of ecological humanism;
(2) - the main democratic principle - the equality of the people of the planet, justice, the possibility of collective creativity for the benefit of man, society and nature.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- G. Dryden, D. Vos. A revolution in learning. M., Parvine, 2003, p. 155, 216, 226.
- E. Zinnurov, F. Faizullin. Resolution of global environmental problems through the education system / Sat: Materials of the International. Congress "ECOCHEL-98", State Duma of the Russian Federation, Saki, 1998, p.34-35.
- E. Zinnurov, T. Masalimov. Establishment of students' professional predisposition as a method of developing their abilities and creativity. / Sat: Innovative methods of teaching socio-psychological disciplines. Ufa, BSPU, 2001, p. 28-36, 94-104; ibid: E. Khamitov, p. 7-12.
- E. Zinnurov. Worldview basis and modern concept of professional educational system./Sat.: Actual problems of research of complex systems. Ufa, BIST, 2006, pp. 30-40.
- A. Derkach, V. Zazykin. Acmeology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003.- p. 53-54, 135-137, 184-198.
- E. Zinnurov, T. Masalimov. The concept of modern vocational education according to the method of "revived master class". /Modern high technology, №5, 2007, p.45-49.
Bibliographic link
Zinnurov E., Masalimov T., Bartdinova G. THE CONCEPT OF MODERN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION // Uspekhi modern natural science. - 2007. - No. 12-1. - P. 132-135;URL: http://natural-sciences.ru/ru/article/view?id=11891 (date of access: 02/01/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"
The modern concept of vocational training for young people
The country's wealth grows not only with its natural resources.
Historical experience shows that the well-being of many developed countries was laid down by the perseverance and unique skill of their working peoples. There are many examples of this. Tiny Holland, whose inhabitants, winning more and more new territories from the sea, thrive on the fruits of agricultural production. Little Switzerland is a century-old trendsetter in precision metalworking. Japan, which does not have great natural wealth, has become one of the world leaders in the development and application of advanced technologies.
This list can be continued, and always in such cases, the matter is decided by the competence and professionalism of the performers.
Time dictates new requirements for the level and content of training of young professionals employed in modern production. The general logic of the development of production activity has changed, and this applies to all types of labor - from the simplest physical to complex mental: both the traditionally privileged labor of a technical intellectual and the labor of a skilled worker. Completely new trends are emerging that have not even been mentioned before. The understanding of this situation by society as a whole, and especially by specialists working in the field of education, depends on the success of our country's progress towards development and prosperity.
Current approaches to the training of workers
Recent decades national history were quite complex, and, in particular, this had a negative impact on the most significant area for the prospects for the development of society - the replacement of the outgoing and the preparation of a new generation of producers.
Today, the country is forced to urgently change the situation in one of the most painful issues for it - the training of workers for all sectors of the economy. Any of its areas is in dire need of highly qualified specialists who are able to master modern technologies and the latest technology.
The functions of the worker employed in modern production have become completely different. The very word "worker" acquires a completely different content in the conditions of natural movement. scientific and technological progress. Today, the level of initial mastery of a specialty is a legacy of the past. For example, in Japan the share of workers with higher professional education has long ago exceeded 60%. Life unequivocally leads to a completely obvious conclusion: the training of workers in Russia today needs new approaches, extraordinary solutions.
Such a situation exists not only in education, but it is precisely here that one should especially promptly take into account the changes with which inexorable life interferes with already established systems of activity.
The training of skilled workers has always been a serious task, since the real success of production largely depended on the level of their qualifications. At the same time, an analysis of the content of workers' labor showed a steady trend, characteristic of all developed countries, which is associated with a decrease in the share of physical labor costs in all industries.
In most industrialized countries, low-skilled work associated with monotonous and monotonous work, with production in harmful or dangerous conditions, is increasingly performed by machines and their intellectual variety - robots. Perform low-skilled, associated with significant physical activity work becomes not prestigious. The change in the functions of work has clearly identified the criteria for the attractiveness of types of work for young people.
At the forefront (regardless of the sphere of application of forces) is the activity associated with personal interest, with the possibilities of creative application of one's forces. This applies to a wide variety of areas of labor activity: from industrial and agricultural production to the service sector. Studies by scientists around the world confirm that after a relatively short time period, the emerging trend of an avalanche breakthrough the latest technologies into production will be ubiquitous. Many of today's usual production processes go into oblivion or change dramatically. Consequently, we are talking that the modern worker, having preserved best qualities professional of the past, must be ready to adapt mobilely to rapidly changing technological processes, the emergence the latest equipment and tools, successfully master them. Young people should realize that no, even a high level of knowledge today guarantees them in the future that they will meet the requirements of their chosen specialty. If you want to remain in demand, then get used to the idea that you need (and will have to!) study all your life.
Thus, the most important task of training qualified specialists is, first of all, understanding new approaches to vocational training.
The foregoing does not mean a refusal to form in trainees the basic qualities that are necessary at all times and take into account the long-term requirements of production. These have always been:
- observance of industrial and technological discipline;
- careful attitude to equipment and tools;
- the ability to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge in practice;
- deep and solid knowledge of the basics of engineering and production technology, labor organization - to the extent necessary for mastering the profession and further growth of qualifications.
On the present stage the future specialist is expected to display the qualities of a personality who thinks creatively, is active and easily adapts to changing production conditions. In other words, the qualities of a professional - a person who has found his destiny, mastered high levels production activity, consciously changing and developing himself in the course of solving a wide variety of tasks, making his own individual creative contribution to the profession. Consequently, the main areas of training qualified specialists are not just teaching young people, but the implementation of the priorities identified by life itself.