Blacksmith lieutenant. Kuznetsov Nikolay Fedorovich
"You will always be a living example..."
"Let you die!
But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit
AT you will always be a living example
P with a proud cry for freedom, for the light!"
/ Maksim Gorky/
Foreword from the author The country solemnly celebrates the 65th anniversary of the Great Day. Millions of lives were laid on the altar of Victory. Thousands and thousands of feats were performed by Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. More than 11.5 thousand became Heroes of this most bloody of all wars of mankind. Many who have been awarded this high title have become true legends. Nikolai Gastello and Alexander Matrosov, Viktor Talalikhin and Oleg Koshevoy, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya and Nikolai Kuznetsov... New Heroes appeared after the new wars. But how well do we, now living, know, remember and honor these Heroes? In this article, the author tried to find the answer to this question. One of the legendary names was taken as an example. Surname Kuznetsov. Surname from the name of the father by occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and everything famous person in the village, then naming on this basis was everywhere. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is now one of the most frequent not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Throughout the country as a whole, the spread of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word "koval" in the same meaning of "blacksmith", therefore, surnames with this stem spread from the west and south-west. Other peoples also have very frequent surnames with a stem meaning "blacksmith", for example, the most common English surname Smith, German Schmidt. Kovalev also one of the most common Russian surnames, although the words "koval" in Russian literary language no. Koval. In the south of Russia and Ukraine, a farrier is called a blacksmith. “If you don’t fart, don’t trash your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) advises folk wisdom; don't take on a job you don't know. Kovalenya. One of the suffixes that form Belarusian surnames is enya. Kowalski Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metonymic surnames, are formed from the naming of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov- Russified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.Geroandwith the most common surname
To the question "Who is Nikolai Kuznetsov?" none of my young acquaintances could answer. However, this is not smart. They don't talk about him at school. At the university too. The course "History of the Urals" lasts only six months, one lecture every two weeks, and everyone gets credit just like that. Why the history of the Urals? Because Nikolai Kuznetsov is not just a Hero Soviet Union but also our countryman. Next year, on July 27, it will be 100 years since the birth of this legendary scout. How things are with the memory of Kuznetsov in other regions of Russia, I can’t even imagine. Over the past few years, I have met many times with children and teachers in schools in Yekaterinburg (we were invited as a participant afghan war). No matter how much I asked guys of different ages what they know about Kuznetsov, no one could answer anything. Only once (it was in a boarding school for children with visual impairments and delayed mental development) one sick boy got up and said that he was a legendary scout, Hero of the Soviet Union. Finally, I got lucky. I ended up in Yekaterinburg school N 72 (Kalinina street, 48). Everyone and everything knows about Nikolai Ivanovich here. For more than fifty years, this school has been named after the famous intelligence officer - Hero Nikolai Kuznetsov. The memorial museum has collected more than 1500 exhibits telling about the man from the legend. Now at the school, referred to as MOU SOSH N72 (Municipal educational institution average comprehensive school), in honor of the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, from April 5 to April 30, a month of the museum was held, a competition "We are Kuznetsovites" was held. As a result, the Museum of "Battle Glory" to them. Hero of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov N.I. school N 72 became a diploma winner in the nomination "For the best multimedia presentation project "Heroes-Urals". Isn't that a victory! However, this museum included materials about another Nikolai Kuznetsov, Hero of the Soviet Union in the eighties. He grew up in the Tambov village Pervaya Piterka. Since childhood, he dreamed of being a military man, he saw himself like his namesake, the famous intelligence officer Nikolai Kuznetsov. Also in primary school I read everything about my idol that I could find in the school library. The first barrier is taken - it is in the Leningrad Suvorov Military School. "At first, the rural boy was not easily given general education subjects, in particular, French, - recalled major-mentor E. Klokov. - But he was stubborn and hardworking. One cold winter we returned from training battalion. Everyone froze. The Suvorovites quickly took off their boots and ran to the batteries. Nicholas hesitated. I look, several newspapers have fallen out of the bootleg. Understood, "Humanite" and "Moscow News" in French. So, I thought, and at the training ground I found time to master this language. He got an A at graduation. And he always did well in military subjects. "The story of Major Klokov was supplemented by the head of this school, Major General Shumaev V.: - Of the many thousands of pupils, Nikolai Kuznetsov especially remained in my memory. He was a thin, fair-haired young man of medium height. I had to see him very often to present certificates, prizes for sports success. There was no such competition in the school that Kuznetsov remained below the line of winners. That's how he forged his character, that's how he went to the goal. It is no coincidence that in the Kirov Leningrad Higher Combined Arms Command School he was elected Komsomol leader for several years Here they were accepted into the party, noting that he was a real military man... As an excellent student, Nikolai had the right to choose the place of his future service at his own discretion, but he asked to be sent to the Limited contingent Soviet troops in Afghanistan. “I remember Nikolai Kuznetsov as a reliable person,” recalled Lieutenant Alexander Kotenko. - You could always rely on him both in matters of service and personal. He was also a cheerful, sympathetic person. He loved to talk for hours about the hero from the Urals, about whom he read a lot, heard about him, from whom he "made" his life. Private Korobov A. saw Nikolai Kuznetsov in Afghanistan in last hours his life. This difficult moment, he notes, will never be forgotten. Hindu Kush passes, Kunara gorges. Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov visited these places more than once with his platoon, assisting Afghan soldiers in eliminating Dushman gangs. And in this battle, the forces were unequal. There was a threat of encirclement. Ensign Igor Bakhmutov was seriously wounded. Nikolai carried him out of the shelling, provided first aid and returned to his platoon. Having given the order to break out of the encirclement, he himself remained to ensure the withdrawal of the platoon. Wounded, he continued to shoot back to the last bullet. Only then did he let his enemies in. They rushed at him, hoping to take him alive, but the officer blew himself up and the opponents surrounding him with a grenade. He was only 23 years old. So did his favorite hero - scout Nikolai Kuznetsov. For courage and heroism in the performance of military duty to provide international assistance to the Afghan people, Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The very first press reports about Kuznetsov's feat excited the search and research group of the memorial museum of school N72 in Sverdlovsk (later Yekaterinburg). They decided to learn in detail about the life of the hero, the namesake of a fellow countryman from the Urals. Group commander Elena Vasyanina, museum director Elena Bystrushkina, senior guide Svetlana Potapova sent letters to his relatives, study comrades, and service in the Soviet Army. So there were photographs sent by grandmother Daria Dmitrievna Kuznetsova. She raised Nikolai, who was orphaned early. The assistant to the head of the political department for the Komsomol work of the Suvorov military school Simonov V. said that the command had decided to enroll Kuznetsov N. forever in the lists of the school. Since the end of 1985, courage lessons at school N72 have been held in the museum of two heroes - Nikolai Kuznetsov from the forties and Nikolai Kuznetsov from the eighties.
Biographies of two Heroes
1 .Kuznetsov Nikolay Ivanovich (07/27/1911 - 03/09/1944) (partisan pseudonym - Grachev) - Soviet intelligence officer of the partisan detachment "Pobediteli", operating on the territory of the Rivne and Lvov regions of the occupied Ukrainian SSR. Born on July 27, 1911 in the village of Zyryanka (now the Talitsky district of the Sverdlovsk region) into a peasant family. Russian. In 1926 he graduated from a 7-year school, where he became interested in the Esperanto language; entered the agronomic department of the Tyumen Agricultural College, but in 1927, due to the death of his father, he was forced to move closer to his home, continued his studies at the Talitsky Forestry College, where he began to study German on his own, discovering outstanding linguistic abilities. After graduating from a technical school, from 1930 he worked as a forest surveyor, and as a Komsomol activist he led a political literacy circle. From 1932 to 1936 he studied at the correspondence and evening department of the Sverdlovsk Industrial Institute, continuing to improve in German. Until 1934, he lived in the Komi-Permyatsky District of the Perm Region, and then worked in the city of Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) at Uralmashzavod. In the spring of 1938, Kuznetsov N.I. moved to Moscow and entered the service of the NKVD. In the late 30s of the twentieth century, the special services of Nazi Germany intensified reconnaissance and sabotage activities against the Soviet Union. Under these conditions, the state security organs of the USSR decide to use their "secret weapon" against German intelligence officers, which was the genius of Soviet intelligence, Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov. He had a unique gift of reincarnation. Some even tend to consider him a psychic! After all, Kuznetsov easily aroused the sympathy of any person, whether it be the wife of a high-ranking employee of the German Embassy in Moscow or the prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Theater. Dozens of top-secret documents, and most importantly, the exact date of the German attack on the Soviet Union, became known to Kuznetsov N.I. thanks to his ability to win over the people he needs. During the Great Patriotic War, at his personal request in August 1942, Kuznetsov was sent behind enemy lines in partisan detachment "Winners" of Colonel Medvedev D.N., who operated in Ukraine. Combat everyday Kuznetsova N.I. in the occupied territory began from the end of August 1942. The brave scout performed exceptionally difficult tasks. Thanks to him, the Soviet command repeatedly received valuable intelligence information. Appearing in the occupied city of Rovno under the guise of a German officer - Lieutenant Paul Siebert, Kuznetsov was able to quickly make the necessary acquaintances. Using the trust of fascist officers, he learned the places of deployment of enemy units, the direction of their movement. He managed to get information about the German V-1 and V-2 missiles, reveal the location of Hitler's headquarters "Werwolf" ("Werewolf") near the city of Vinnitsa, warn the Soviet command about the upcoming offensive of the Nazi troops in the Kursk region (Operation "Citadel "), about the impending assassination attempt on the heads of government of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in Tehran ... In the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kuznetsov showed extraordinary courage and ingenuity. He also acted as a public avenger. He committed acts of retaliation against many fascist generals and senior officers, endowed with great powers of the Third Reich. With the active participation of Kuznetsov, the chief judge of Ukraine Funk, the imperial adviser to the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine Gall and his secretary Winter, the vice-governor of Galicia Bauer, generals Knut and Dargel were destroyed; At the head of a group of partisans, Kuznetsov kidnapped the commander of the punitive forces in Ukraine, General Ilgen. On March 9, 1944, Kuznetsov died when he was captured by Ukrainian nationalist Bandera in the village of Boratin, Brody district, Lviv region. Seeing the complete hopelessness of the situation, he blew himself up and the enemies surrounding him with a grenade. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1944, Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for exceptional courage and courage in carrying out command assignments. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin. He was buried in the city of Lvov on the Hill of Glory. Monuments were erected to Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov and memorial plaques were erected in the Urals, Siberia and Ukraine. Dozens of museums were created, 17 schools and over 100 pioneer squads bore his name. Another six hundred schools were decorated with stands dedicated to the memory of the hero. In 1984, a young city in the Rivne region of Ukraine, Kuznetsovsk, was named after him. About the exploits of Kuznetsov N.I. books were written ("It was near Rovno" Medvedev D. N., "The Man Who Knew No Fear" Branko Kitanovich) and plays, articles and essays, feature films ("The feat of a scout", "Strong in spirit" in 2 series, the serial "Special Forces") and documentaries ( "Genius of intelligence" in 2 series and others). In Moscow, at house 20, building 1, along Staraya Basmannaya Street, where Kuznetsov lived until 1942, a memorial plaque was installed. A minor planet (2233) is named after Kuznetsov. 2 .Kuznetsov Nikolai Anatolievich (29.06.1962 - 2 1 .04.1985). Lieutenant, commander of a platoon (1st group) of the 1st company of the 334th OOSpN, which was part of the 15th ObrSpN (5th OMSB) as part of the 40th Army. Born on June 29, 1962 in the village of Pervaya Piterka, Morshansky District, Tambov Region. Russian. In 1979 he graduated from the Leningrad Suvorov military school. AT Armed Forces USSR since August 4 of the same year, when he became a cadet of a military school. In 1983 he graduated with a gold medal from the Leningrad Higher Combined Arms command school named after S.M. Kirov Since January 1985, as part of the Limited Contingent of Soviet Forces in Afghanistan. April 21, 1985 in the Maravar Gorge in the province of Kunar, the 1st company of special forces under the command of Captain Nikolai Tsebruk was surrounded and destroyed. The company carried out access to the village of Sangam, located at the beginning of the Maravar Gorge, 10 km from the border with Pakistan. There was no enemy in the village, but dushmans were seen in the depths of the gorge. During the pursuit, the company was ambushed. Later, the death of the Maravar company was restored in detail by stages and analyzed. This is one of the most tragic pages of the long Afghan war. Chronicle of events . On April 20, 1985, at 10 p.m., a special forces detachment moved out of Asadabad through a ferry crossing on the Kunar River, having received an order to comb the village of Sangam, which was only 3 km from the location of the unit. According to intelligence, an observation post of dushmans in the amount of 8-10 people was seen in the village. From the dominant heights on both sides of the gorge, the 1st company was to be covered by the 2nd and 3rd, respectively. It was one of the first independent exits of the detachment after entering Afghanistan, and the attitude towards it was like a training exit. By 5 am on April 21, the company reached the eastern outskirts of Sangam and combed it. There was no enemy in the village, but two dushmans were seen hiding in the depths of the gorge. The commander of the detachment, Major Terentiev, led the exit, being at the observation post at the entrance to the gorge. Having received a report on a group of dushmans, he gave the order to capture or neutralize the enemy. From that moment on, the 1st company of Captain Tsebruk, divided into four groups, began to advance deep into the gorge along its left and right sides to the village of Daridam. Thus, the company was left without cover from above. Daridam was located 2 km deeper in the gorge relative to the village of Sangam and only the commander of the 3rd company visually observed it from his observation post, who reported to the detachment commander about what was happening. The group of Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov was the first to enter the battle on the outskirts of the village of Daridam. The company commander, Captain Tsebruk, leaving a signalman with his group and taking four fighters, went to the battlefield; the rest climbed up the right slope and lay down on a stone terrace, trying to gain a foothold on the slope. Witnesses and people who later analyzed the events of that day are unanimous in their opinion: the company commander was the first to understand and realize what had already happened, and what inevitably had to happen. He was killed by a bullet in the throat. From that moment on, the squad leader actually loses control of the battle. The trap around the company that has broken away from the main forces slams shut. Dushmans quickly bring up reinforcements along the bottom of the gorge from Pakistan on "burbukhayks" and go to the rear of the 1st company. On the approaches to Daridam towards the 2nd and 3rd companies, dushmans set up posts armed with DShK heavy machine guns. The soldiers of the 1st company, left without the support of the main forces, are trying to cling to where the battle caught them. Someone in the last hope lights orange smoke. Several small groups are fixed in duvals. The forces are not equal, and the ammunition that the special forces took with them to the training exit is enough for a few minutes of a real battle. At this time, a consolidated detachment was hastily created in Asadabad from the soldiers remaining in the disposition, the detachment's armored group, reinforced by the tanks of the neighboring battalion, moved to the rescue. However, heavy equipment could not cross the Kunar River by ferry, and it had to go down to the Naubad Bridge 10 km along the Kunar River and, only then, 13 km back towards the Maravar Gorge. Three kilometers on the map, which seemed so close when planning a training exit, turned into 23 kilometers along Afghan land stuffed with mines and eaten by dry channels and ravines. Of the entire armored group, only one vehicle broke through towards Maravar. She could no longer change the fate of the Tsebruk company, but if this infantry fighting vehicle had not arrived, it is not known what would have happened to the 2nd and 3rd companies, which at that moment were repulsing the attacks of dushmans. Nikolai Kuznetsov dragged ensign Igor Bakhmutov, wounded in the limbs and face (he survived), to the shelter, returned to his platoon. Having ordered the platoon to break through to his own, the brave officer, together with the rear patrol, remained to ensure the withdrawal. In a few minutes last way cut off to salvation. Left alone with the dushmans, Lieutenant Kuznetsov N.A. fought to the last bullet. With the last, sixth F-1 grenade, having let the enemies get closer, he blew them up at the cost of his life. In the same battle, seven fighters, preferring death to captivity and torture, blew themselves up with an assault grenade made from an OZM-72 mine. In the afternoon of April 21, when the consolidated company and the armored group entered the Maravar Gorge, the survivors walked towards them, bringing out and carrying out the wounded comrades. Igor Bakhmutov, saved by Kuznetsov, with a broken jaw, wounded in the leg and arm, crawled out to his own. In his healthy hand was a grenade with a pulled out pin ... The dead soldiers were collected for two days. Many had to be identified by tattoos and red buttonholes. In this regard, some of the dead had a fixed date of death - April 23 (like Nikolai Kuznetsov). All the fighters of the detachment are real heroes, both living and dead. In total, 31 Soviet soldiers died in the battle. Lieutenant Kuznetsov showed courage and determination in this battle. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of November 21, 1985 for the courage and heroism shown in the provision of international assistance Democratic Republic Afghanistan, Lieutenant Kuznetsov Nikolai Anatolyevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal " Golden Star"N 11535). He was buried in the cemetery of his native village Pervaya Piterka, Morshansky district, Tambov region. He was awarded the Order of Lenin."The Scout's Burned Memory..."
AT modern Russia Young people almost do not know the history of their region. This is the fault of both the state and the education system. Young people do not know the history, for example, of their Urals, not because they do not want to, but because they are not told about it. And not only guys school age do not know who Kuznetsov is. Many 30-year-olds do not know this either. Formerly in the neighboring Sverdlovsk region- in Chelyabinsk - in some schools there were museums of Nikolai Kuznetsov. Now there is only one left - at school N 118. "In Soviet times, the local squad bore the name of Kuznetsov," recalls the director of the school, Valery Khodas. to Talitsa (the homeland of the scout) and to Lvov, where he is buried. In 1992, the bust was stolen from the yard, but the schoolchildren found it a few days later and returned it to the school. The sculpture was restored, restored, and the pedestal was replaced." Valery Khodas has been working in 118 schools since 2000. When he arrived there, the museum was located in a tiny room of five square meters. Now there is a medical room, and the exposition has moved to a much larger room. In May 2005, actor Alexander Mikhailov, who played the role of Kuznetsov in the film "Special Forces", came to the school to meet with students. On September 27, 2005, by the decision of the Chelyabinsk City Duma, the school was named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov. The museum is run by high school students. They are engaged in the search for information and materials, the design of the exposition, and guided tours. Unfortunately, Kuznetsov's museums have not been preserved in other Chelyabinsk schools. It was possible to find out that at the boarding school N3 and school N67 they were not just closed, but even burned all the exhibits. In the boarding school, this happened due to lack of money, and in the 67th school, the exposition prevented educational process(at least that's what the school said). How a museum can interfere with learning is not clear, especially since it contained several very important, unique exhibits. Among them is a photograph of Kuznetsov taken during his service (a photograph of any scout is a rarity). “I don’t presume to judge unambiguously, but it seems to me that these museums were destroyed because it was just such a time,” suggests Valery Khodas. “As they say in the East, God forbid, be born and live in an era of change. The middle and end of the 90s - the time is turbulent, there were many immediate reasons for the liquidation of museums. And in the opinion of former students of the school: "... Only one or two people remained from the old teachers, and even that was a couple of years ago, and now there may be no one at all. ... And some of the new teachers are not much more educated than their own students. I think that the reason for the destruction of the museum is very banal - it has become indifferent to everyone, no money is allocated, no one wants to follow ... They just took and vacated the premises - after all, the museum was in the premises of an ordinary class. " However, not everyone is indifferent to the memory of Kuznetsov. In another region close to the Urals - in Bashkiria - schoolchildren remember and multiply this Memory. In October 2009, in the Ufa gymnasium N105, solemn events were held in honor of the 50th anniversary of the museum of the Hero of the Soviet Union intelligence agent Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov. For five decades, there was a search for materials about the life of the legendary intelligence officer, dozens works of art, memories of eyewitnesses, testimonies of combat comrades-in-arms became the first exhibits of the museum. In 1959, the first exposition was opened, telling about life and combat confrontations with the fascist invaders in the special forces unit "Winners". Many years later, in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, school leaders, a new museum exposition was opened. Today, more than 400 original exhibits are placed on the stands and in the showcases of the museum: military documents, orders and medals, military household items. The creator and permanent head of the museum is the Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Bashkortostan, an excellent student of education of the Republic of Belarus Viktor Aleksandrovich Minaev. The program of festive events included performances by veterans of the Great Patriotic War, school leaders, representatives of the Administration of the Kalininsky district of the city of Ufa. Employees of the Republican Museum of Military Glory also made a congratulatory speech. "And the Germans didn't know What lay behind the cold look. And the man was devoted in his heart to His Fatherland and the detachment" (From a poem by Sveta Kharisova, a student of school N105)
And more Heroes from the verywidespreadsurname
1. Kuznetsov Nikolay Ivanovich (29.04.1922-11.09.2008) . Gun commander of the 369th separate anti-tank artillery battalion of the 263rd rifle division 43rd Army 3rd Belorussian Front, foreman. One of the 4 full cavaliers of the Order of Glory, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Born on April 29, 1922 in the village of Pytruchey, now in the Vytegorsky district Vologda region in a peasant family. Russian. Since 1936, he lived at the Zasheek station, now the administration of the city of Apatity Murmansk region. After graduating from the 7th grade and the FZU school, he worked as a mechanic at the construction of a power plant in the city of Kandalaksha, Murmansk region. In the Red Army since 1941. At the front in the Great Patriotic War since August 1941. He took part in the breakthrough of the "Blue Line" and the battles for the Crimea. On April 23, 1944, in a battle near the settlement of Mekenzia, located 10 km east of the city of Russian military glory of Sevastopol, the commander of the 45-mm gun of the 369th separate anti-tank artillery battalion, Sergeant Nikolai Kuznetsov, with his crew, suppressed 2 enemy machine guns, ensuring the advance of the rifle divisions. Later, having discovered enemy tanks, he set fire to one of them with the first shot. For courage and bravery shown in battles, on May 17, 1944, Sergeant Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich was awarded the Order of Glory 3rd degree. On October 5-10, 1944, acting in the forward detachment, the commander of the 76-mm gun, Senior Sergeant N.I. Kuznetsov. with direct fire subordinates covered several firing points and up to a platoon of the Nazis. On October 10, 1944, during the battle for Shamaitkain station (Lithuania), he set fire to an enemy car with a direct hit. For courage and bravery shown in battles, on December 1, 1944, Senior Sergeant Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich was awarded the Order of Glory, 2nd degree. February 1, 1945 in the battles for locality Labiau (now the city of Polessk, Kaliningrad region) gun crew Kuznetsova N.I. direct fire set fire to the tank, smashed 2 machine-gun points and destroyed more than an infantry squad. For courage and courage shown in battles, on February 10, 1945, foreman Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich was repeatedly awarded the Order of Glory 2nd degree. During the assault on the capital East Prussia the city-fortress of Koenigsberg (now - Kaliningrad) fighters of the calculation of the foreman Kuznetsova N.I. suppressed several firing points and destroyed up to a platoon of enemy infantry. In total, during the war years, the gun crew of Nikolai Kuznetsov knocked out 16 enemy tanks. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 19, 1945, for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, foreman Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (N 6264). The brave artilleryman ended the war in Danzig (now the Polish city of Gdansk), where, until May 13, 1945, the soldiers of the division finished off the enemy who did not want to surrender. Participant of the historic Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow on June 24, 1945. In 1945, foreman Kuznetsov was demobilized. In 1950 he graduated from the Leningrad Electromechanical College. He worked at construction sites in the Far North, at the Pestovsky timber processing plant in the Novgorod region. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd and 3rd convocations. Lived in the city of Pestovo, Pestovsky district, Novgorod region. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 12, 1980, for the exemplary performance of command assignments in battles with the Nazi invaders, retired foreman Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov was awarded the Order of Glory 1st degree, he became a full holder of the Order of Glory. September 10, 2007 at the Hero of the Soviet Union, holder of the orders of Glory of three degrees Kuznetsov N.I. stole all the awards. On December 22, 2007, the stolen awards were returned to the honored veteran. But this robbery led to a deterioration in his health, and on September 11, 2008, the last in Russia full cavalier Order of Glory and Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov died. On September 13, 2008, he was buried in the city of Pestovo, Novgorod Region, at the Central Military Burial Ground. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, Orders of Glory of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees, the Order of Friendship of Peoples, medals (including two medals "For Courage", a medal "For defense of Sevastopol", "For the capture of Koenigsberg"). Not far from Sevastopol, on a memorial stele on Sapun Mountain, among others, the name of Kuznetsov is carved in gold letters. Nikolai Ivanovich was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Sevastopol. He was the first to be awarded the title of honorary citizen of the Pestovsky district. In 2006, Kuznetsov was awarded the title of honorary citizen of the Vytegorsk region. 2. Kuznetsov Nikolai Vasilyevich (12/13/1921 - 04/14/1945). Deputy squadron commander of the 70th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment (3rd Guards Assault Aviation Division, 1st Mixed Aviation Corps, 6th Air Army, 1st Belorussian Front), Senior Lieutenant of the Guard. Born on December 13, 1921 in the village of Yurga, Tyumen region, from where the family moved to Omsk. Graduated from junior high school. Studied at the flying club. In 1939 he was enrolled as a cadet of the Omsk military school pilots. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since March 1942. By August 1944, Nikolai Kuznetsov made 90 sorties - he stormed and bombed enemy troops and military installations in the rear and at the forefront of the enemy's defense. Held 18 air battles. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 26, 1944, for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Senior Lieutenant Kuznetsov Nikolai Vasilyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star, the medal "For Courage". He died on April 14, 1945, participating in the battles for Berlin. Nikolai was returning from a combat mission when his IL-2 plane was shot down. Gathering the last of his strength, he sent a burning attack aircraft to an enemy battery. Nikolai Kuznetsov was at that time a little over 23 years old. In memory of the feat of Nikolai Vasilyevich Kuznetsov in Berlin, a memorial plaque was erected at the monument to the fallen Soviet soldiers. A street in Omsk is named after the Hero. 3. Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich ( 24.07. 1904 - 6.12. 1974) . Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (1955), Hero of the Soviet Union (1945). In 1939-1946 People's Commissar of the Navy. In 1948, on trumped-up charges of handing over secret documents to the Allies during the war, he was demoted to Rear Admiral; in command positions in the Pacific Fleet. In 1951-53 he was Minister of the Navy. In May 1953 he was reinstated in the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. In 1953-56. was Commander-in-Chief of the Navy - 1st Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. In 1956, he was again demoted to vice admiral. In 1988 (posthumously) he was reinstated in the rank of Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. * / * Note: the author did not set himself the task of recalling all the Heroes bearing the surname Kuznetsov. In addition to those named, this list should include the Kuznetsovs: Nikolai Vasilyevich (born December 6, 1912); Nikolai Pavlovich (born April 22, 1922); Nikolai Fedorovich (26.12.1916-5.03.2000). In addition to the name Nikolai, which was emphasized, Heroes with the surname Kuznetsov, of course, also had other names: Alexander, Anatoly, Vasily, Mikhail, Sergey, Yuri, Eduard, etc. / The names of the Heroes of the Great Patriotic and Afghan Wars are immortalized in street names and cities, natural corners and folk tales, in works of culture and art. But do we fully realize that the name of the Hero, inscribed on our home, school, enterprise, is not only an honor, but also the responsibility of those who live, grow, and study. In the year of the 65th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, it would not be a bad thing for every city dweller or resident of a town and village to ask about their "named" streets: do they know whose and why the corner of their dwelling bears the name. Surely, many will be surprised by their "discoveries". There is Kuznetsova Street in Yekaterinburg, but few people could connect this dedication with the legendary scout. In addition to the already mentioned museum, school N72 has a room-museum of the Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov, located in the main plant management of the Uralmashzavod production association. Here Kuznetsov N.I. in 1935-1936 he worked as a design engineer. However, to our great regret, none of the young workers could clearly say who N.I. Kuznetsov was. (on official business, the author often had to visit this production association). In Omsk in the eastern part of the Oktyabrsky administrative district"N. Kuznetsova Street" is located. Even the residents of the houses located along this street could not say who this Kuznetsov was. True, there was such an answer: "The street bears the name of the Russian intelligence officer Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov." In the meantime, there is a memorial plaque. On the end wall of the building, located at the address: Nikolai Kuznetsov Street, 3, there is a black board made of granite chips, which, judging by the text, even the inhabitants of this house have never read: "Kuznetsov Nikolai Vasilyevich, Hero of the Soviet Union, attack pilot, Omsk , 1921-1945. Died near Berlin on 14.04.1945." In the upper left corner of the board there is a vague image of a man in uniform, under the board there is an artificial garland. The street named after the hero-pilot cannot boast of cleanliness. This is surprising, but many residents of N. Kuznetsova Street associate the name with the legendary intelligence agent - either they can’t read, or they don’t want to know. And some are not interested at all. It's a shame for the hero-pilot, who did not live to see the Victory for less than a month. It's a shame for our society, excitedly "swallowing" low-grade television series and crafts of "graphomaniacs", but easily consigning our Heroes to oblivion. I would like to hope that other "nominal" streets were more fortunate ... "Frost and burning sun, We walked along hundreds of roads. Yes, everyone was wounded, shell-shocked, And every fourth was killed ... But everyone is needed for the Motherland! And everyone is not will be forgotten!" /Kondratyeva T., participant in the war/ Instead of an afterword Hero of the Soviet Union, full cavalier of the Order of Glory Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich in 2005 at the opening of the Memorial to commanders and privates who defended the freedom and independence of the Motherland at the cost of their own lives, said: "The common good of Russia, the freedom of Russia - that was the reward for us in battles. I I am glad that we found people who, not in words, but in deeds, remembered the fallen and living front-line soldiers. And I ask the youth not to forget this. To preserve and strengthen the country that your grandfathers defended you from the enemy. Such a great joy, as today, in Day of the 60th anniversary of the Victory, I have not experienced it for a long time. It can be compared with the joy when the Victory was announced, with the joy when I participated in the Victory parades. I am a participant in many Victory parades. I am proud of Russia! I am proud that we are growing and the generation that continues the traditions of their grandfathers is maturing. Russia has always been and will always be a free country. No one will ever conquer us. Health to all of you, and especially to the creators of the Memorial, who did such a great job. Thank you for everything !" * Used materials: - Biographies of the Heroes provided by Ufarkin N.V.; - Vasilyeva M. "Nikolai Kuznetsov", "News Agency", 2006, July; -Kodratov N. "Nikolai Kuznetsov", the newspaper "For change", April 1986; - Korolev O. "On the street of the pilot", "Omsk time", April 2010; -Sazonov G. "Pestovo-Vologda", magazine "Warrior of Russia", 2007, May. * Note: The illustrations contain photographs, including some of the Heroes of the Soviet Union. ***KUZNETSOV NIKOLAY FYODOROVYCH
THE HERO OF THE USSR
major general
Born December 26, 1916 in Petrograd in a working-class family. After graduating from the 7th grade and the FZU school, he worked as a turner at the Leningrad plant named after M.I. Kalinin.
In 1935 he was drafted into the Red Army on a special recruitment basis and in 1937 he graduated from the Leningrad School of Aviation Technicians. From November 1939 to March 1940, as part of the 68th Fighter Aviation Regiment, he took part in the Soviet-Finnish War, after which he entered the Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School.
From the very first days of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Lieutenant N.F. Kuznetsov took part in the battles on the Leningrad Front as part of the 191st air regiment. Already in July 1941, in the Petrokrepost area, he won his first air victory: two Messerschmitt-110s were destroyed by a salvo of I-16 rockets.
I had to fly not only on Soviet aircraft. After some time, the regiment was re-equipped with British Hurricanes and continued to fight on the Kalinin Front.
Soon, having again undergone retraining for the American Kittyhawk fighters, Senior Lieutenant Kuznetsov was transferred to the 436th Fighter Aviation Regiment, which in November 1942 became part of the 239th Fighter Aviation Division. The number of victories in the combat account of N.F. Kuznetsov grew quite quickly: on December 26, 1942, on the day of his 26th birthday, he destroyed the 26th enemy aircraft! And just 10 days later, Kuznetsov faced the most difficult and dangerous battle for the entire period of hostilities at the front ...
On January 6, 1943, Kuznetsov's P-40 Kittyhawk was shot down in a dogfight. On a burning fighter Soviet pilot, fighting off the demonstration attacks of five German vultures, went to the front line. However, the Germans could not finish off the plane: Kuznetsov was on fire, losing altitude, but he left the Germans one way or the other, glided through the air, and stubbornly pulled towards his own. When there was nothing left to the front line, the three "Messers" turned aside and left, and the remaining couple decided to attack the Russian from above, hit the cockpit in order to surely finish him off. Then Kuznetsov lifted the nose of the plane up and responded to the attack with all six machine guns with which his Kittyhawk was armed. And he hit! And hit exactly the German! Then, working with the rudders, he dived sharply down. Kuznetsov worked masterfully - with his screw he chopped off, or rather, broke off the tail of the fascist. The German fell to the ground like a stone and exploded at the same moment.
And Kuznetsov continued to pull on the wrecked car to his own, felt that the fire was about to make its way into the cabin - because of this, he did not open the lantern, he was afraid that it was only a little to open it, as the flame would penetrate into the cabin, it would even make its way through a very small gap, and then everything - the pilot will turn into a torch. Kuznetsov could not reach the airfield. His plane crashed right behind the front line...
And then the wounded pilot managed to walk about seven kilometers across virgin snow, lost consciousness from fatigue and loss of blood, but at the last moment was found by a group sent to search for him. Next - the hospital, the hardest operation and return to duty.
While Kuznetsov was in the hospital, the command prepared and sent to the authorities a proposal to award him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: by February 1943, the deputy squadron commander of the 436th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 239th Fighter Aviation Division of the 6th Air Army of the North-Western Front Captain Kuznetsov Nikolai Fedorovich made 213 sorties, personally shot down 17 enemy aircraft and 12 more as part of a group. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 1, 1943, for these distinctions, Captain Kuznetsov N.F. was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 966).
While Kuznetsov was in the hospital, another important event occurred for him and the personnel of the regiment - by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 128 of March 18, 1943, the 436th Fighter Aviation Regiment was transformed into the 67th Guards.
After returning to the regiment and another retraining for a new American Airacobra, the pilot continued to fight with the enemy. He fought on the Kursk Bulge, participated in the liberation of Belarus and Poland. He ended the war in Berlin, as deputy commander of the 67th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment for air rifle service (in November 1943, the regiment became part of the 273rd Fighter Aviation Division). Several military orders on his chest testified to his skill and courage. The Order of Alexander Nevsky became one of these military distinctions. In the presentation to the order, the command indicated the following merits:
“On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. He made 233 sorties, participated in 94 air battles, in which he personally shot down 21 and in a group of 12 enemy aircraft.
From August 6, 1944 to January 19, 1945, he made 33 sorties, participated in one air battle, in which he shot down an enemy aircraft Me-109: On October 15, 1944, while performing a combat mission in the Bultusk area, Serotsk conducted an air battle at an altitude of 3000 meters , as a result of which one enemy aircraft was shot down.
During the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, he made 6 sorties for "free hunting", attacking enemy troops and equipment. On January 17, 1945, the regiment's flight personnel destroyed up to 60 vehicles, 5 fuel tanks and shot down one enemy plane.
For the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command, the valor and courage shown at the same time, inflicting significant losses on the enemy in manpower and equipment during the battles for the liberation of Warsaw, by order of the commander of the 16th air army No. 0199 / n of March 29, 1945, deputy commander 67- of the 1st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 273rd Fighter Aviation Division of the Guard, Major Kuznetsov N.F. was awarded Order of Alexander Nevsky No. 23572.
In total, by the time the war ended, Nikolai Fedorovich Kuznetsov made 252 sorties, personally shot down 25 and 12 more enemy aircraft in the group. Took part in the Victory Parade.
After the war, Nikolai Fedorovich continued to serve in the Air Force. In 1949 he graduated military academy named after M.V. Frunze. Then he had to fight a little more - from the beginning of 1952, Colonel Kuznetsov commanded the 16th Fighter Aviation Regiment, which fought in the sky North Korea. There, his regiment shot down 26 enemy aircraft, losing four of their pilots. Kuznetsov himself made 27 sorties on the MiG-15 fighter.
Returning to the Soviet Union, Nikolai Kuznetsov commanded an aviation division, in 1956 he graduated from the Military Academy General Staff became a general. In 1957 he was appointed head of the Chernihiv military aviation school pilots. The school, under the command of Major General Kuznetsov, over the next six years gave the country thousands of highly qualified fighter pilots.
From 1963 to 1972, N.F. Kuznetsov headed the Cosmonaut Training Center. With his active participation, dozens of the most important expeditions of manned cosmonautics were carried out. Yuri Gagarin was his deputy...
In 1978, the honored military pilot, Doctor of Military Sciences, Major General of Aviation N.F. Kuznetsov retired and settled in the Moscow region. He wrote several books: memoirs of the Great Patriotic War "Front Above the Earth", books about S.P. Korolev and Yu.A. Gagarin.
On March 5, 2000, Nikolai Fedorovich died in Star City and was buried in the cemetery of the village of Leonikha near Moscow.
Major General Kuznetsov N.F. - Cavalier of two Orders of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Alexander Nevsky and World War I degree, three Orders of the Red Star. He was also awarded many medals, including the Medal for Military Merit and the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sources:
1. Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, inventory 686196, file 4113, sheet 216.
2. "Chevaliers of the Order of Alexander Nevsky of Moscow and the Moscow Region." Volume 1. M .: Alteks, 2000. - pp. 298-299;
3. Materials of the site "Aviators of the Second World War".
4. Biography of the Hero on the sites "Red Falcons" and "Heroes of the Country".
5. "Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary". Volume 1. M .: Military Publishing House, 1988.
6. Library of the magazine "Order book". Heroes of the Soviet Union. Directory: Dates. Rooms. Decrees. Comp.: N.Efimov. I.Pak.
Surround and destroy the rampant detachment of dushmans in the Afghan province of Kunar - such a task was set by the command in front of a company of Soviet soldiers allocated to help units people's army Afghanistan.
The platoon assigned to reconnaissance was commanded by Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov. An ambush in the village met the enemy scouts. A fight ensued. Dushmans, taking advantage of their numerical superiority, attempted to surround the scouts. This meant the death of the entire platoon. Having ordered the soldiers to break through to the main forces of the company, the commander remained to cover their withdrawal. At this time, he thought only of them.
And when he was convinced that his guys were safe, he seemed to have increased strength. Wounded in the leg, realizing that he could not get through to his own, he took last Stand, hitting the enemy with grenades. But here is the last one. Letting the dushmans closer, he pulled out the pin. The scouts saw how the lieutenant fell, how the advancing dushmans were swept away by the explosion. The outcome of the battle was decided by the arrived units of the company.
The soldiers returned to the location of the unit, carrying the body of the commander in their arms.
“Lieutenant Kuznetsov Nikolai Anatolyevich, born in 1962. Russian, member of the CPSU since 1982. A native of the village of Pervaya Piterka, Morshansky district, Tambov region.
(From the personal file of Lieutenant N. A. Kuznetsov).
From the lively highway Tambov - Morshansk to First Piterka there are about fifteen kilometers of dirt road, and therefore, despite the fairly close proximity to the regional center, this small village is considered remote. There are no special natural sights, historical and architectural monuments in this region. But for several decades, the Morshians have been pronouncing the modest name of Piterka with pride. The glory of this land was brought by her sons-heroes.
In one of summer days On the victorious 45th, with lightning speed, the news spread through all the huts that there was a Hero of the Soviet Union among the people of St. Petersburg! This title was awarded to Peter Sinelnikov, a participant in the battles for the capture of Berlin.
Rejoiced for a fellow villager and Vasily Mikhailovich Kuznetsov. He himself returned from the front without a leg a few months before the victory.
He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. Despite the severe injury, he immediately began to work in the field. The wife, Darya Dmitrievna, was proud of her husband. Seeing how his health was undermined, she tried to protect him from unrest, warning every desire. And yet, the disease soon knocked down Vasily Mikhailovich. Kolya's grandson grew up and made the decision to become an officer without him. But there is obviously a higher power that binds and unites generations of Russian people with an invisible thread. And her name is Duty to the Motherland.
"For the courage and heroism shown in the performance of international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 21, 1985, Lieutenant Kuznetsov Nikolai Anatolyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously)."
A moment of mournful silence met these words by the inhabitants of Piterka, who had gathered for a rally dedicated to the ceremony of handing over the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal to the hero's grandmother, Daria Dmitrievna Kuznetsova, who raised and raised Nikolai.
Kolya and Nina Kuznetsov have lived in their grandmother's house since they were left without parents. The boy is five years old, his sister is nine. Together, without saying a word, all three of them answered the inspector of the Morshansky district, who came to register the children in the boarding school, that they would live only together and only in Piterka.
If the sister was a lively, restless girl and justified the playful nickname Grasshopper given to her by the school children, then Kolya was distinguished by restraint. Slightly taller than his peers, thin, he did not give the impression of a strong boy. But this is for those who did not know him. Realizing that he was the only man in the house, Kolya mowed the grass for the sheep, and prepared firewood for the winter. And to bring water, to help my grandmother dig up the garden - this was not even considered work. It took the roof of the barn to repair - he made it so that to this day it serves properly. And in the corner of the shed, his hockey stick, which he worked on for several evenings, still stands. Made strong, not for one season.
Passionately loved hockey and football. A frozen pond outside the outskirts served as a hockey field in winter. Football - a large meadow near the house. Therefore, Darya Dmitrievna did not have to look for a grandson in the village for a long time to remind her of the lessons: he was always in front of her eyes. During summer holidays often pleased with good catches of fish - together with other village boys he went to the pond with a fishing rod to meet the morning and evening dawns.
“Both in games and in studies, he was the first among us,” recalls Mikhail Khodyakov, a neighbor and classmate of Kolya. “In general, no matter what he undertook, he succeeded in everything.”
Adults have seen it too. Knowing his diligence and responsibility, they were not afraid to entrust serious cases.
In those autumn days, Vladimir Fedorovich Kuznetsov, the foreman of the field-growing brigade of the Morshansky state farm, had a particularly hard time. It's time to raise the fall, and there is a lot of straw left on the stubble in the field. There were not enough working hands for its cleaning, but it is impossible to start plowing in such conditions. And then the foreman decided to turn to the village teenage boys for help.
“There were seven of them, twelve or thirteen years old,” says Vladimir Fedorovich. - He appointed Kolya Kuznetsov as a senior, he knew that he was one of those who could be relied on - he would not let you down. And, imagine, they prepared a field of 170 hectares for plowing in a day.”
The brigadier did not tell - on that day, misfortune almost happened on the field. And Kolya Kuznetsov prevented it.
The guys burned small patches of straw on the stubble. She, dried by the hot sun, burned quickly, cheerfully in the breeze. And just as quickly these small liquid fires were extinguished. The boys did not foresee any danger. But then one of them screamed: he saw that the flame had crept up to one of the haystacks.
“The haystack is not guarded,” the guess cut like a knife. With all legs rushed to the scene. When they ran up, the fire, as they say, was in full swing. The guys were confused: what to do? Someone offered to run for help. Kolya was the first to come to his senses:
The village is far away, we will not have time. We will extinguish ourselves.
These confidently spoken words somehow immediately put an end to fear and panic. It became clear to everyone what to do. They took off their jackets and jackets and began to beat them on the fiery tongues. The fight was short: the fire licked only the surface of the stack, before it had time to get inside.
Mikhail Khodyakov says:
“I recalled this story more than once when I served in the army. There you often find yourself in situations that require the right decision, an instant reaction. Each person has their own specific set of abilities. It seems to me that Nikolai had the qualities of a born commander, and, as a rule, they manifested themselves at the right moment. All of us, his peers, believed that he did the right thing by choosing the profession of a regular military man, and in a good way envied him.
Nikolai made the decision to devote his life to military service while still in the seventh grade. The fact that the profession of the defender of the Motherland is important and honorable, he knew not only from books and films. Sometimes, in the long winter evenings, my grandmother told him and Nina about her grandfather. During the hours of such confidential family conversations, photographs, awards were obtained ... In the memoirs of my grandmother, the name of Pyotr Andreevich Sinelnikov was often mentioned. Kolya knew from her stories that Pyotr Andreevich became an officer even before the war and fought from the first to the last day. Having been demobilized from the army with the rank of major, he returned to the Tambov region, but settled not in his native village, but in Morshansk. The boy saw the hero more than once when he came to visit his relatives, and he really wanted to hear his stories about military everyday life, about the accomplished feat.
And now the dream came true: Pyotr Andreevich was invited to a “lesson of courage” at the Piterkovskaya school. He told the guys about the soldiers of the battery he commanded, about the most memorable front-line episodes. Of particular interest were the memories of the battles on the streets of Berlin. In one of them, when attacking fascist tanks the entire crew of the first gun of his battery perished. The battalion commander himself stood behind the sight and alone knocked out four enemy armored vehicles. For this fight he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Once, getting up at dawn to feed the cattle, Darya Dmitrievna saw her grandson running behind the gardens to the river. “And where did the shooter rush off at dawn?” she thought. At breakfast I asked and in response I heard: in order to enter the Suvorov, you need to study well and be physically strong. I started running seriously, regularly, without giving myself any indulgences. And Grandma Dasha understood: he made a firm decision, there would be a quick parting.
Kolya entered the Leningrad Suvorov School at the end of the eight-year school. For the winter holidays I came to my grandmother in a brand new, brand new, full dress uniform. His first visit was to school - he missed his classmates and teachers.
“I barely recognized in a slender young man in a black overcoat with red shoulder straps and buttonholes, standing on the threshold of the class, our Kolya. Just like in the picture “Arrived for the holidays,” the teacher recalls with excitement foreign language, now director orphanage in Morshansk Elvira Serafimovna Chichetina.
One day she gave them, then fifth-graders, a task - to collect medicinal herbs for a pharmacy. Each set a standard. In the evening, when I was walking through the meadow from work, I saw Kolya's blond head among the flowers. She asked why he is still here, has he really not fulfilled his norm? He stood up and explained in a businesslike manner that he had fulfilled the norm, but since medicinal herbs are useful, he wants to collect as many of them as possible.
A few months after Kolya's departure for Leningrad, Darya Dmitrievna received a letter from the school:
“The command, the political department of the Leningrad Suvorov School express their deep gratitude and gratitude to you for the upbringing of Nikolai. He exemplifies learning and discipline. He has good and excellent grades in all subjects. Helps comrades in their studies ... ".
I proudly showed this letter to my fellow villagers. And when the grandson entered the Leningrad Higher Combined Arms Command twice Red Banner School named after Kirov, my grandmother also received gratitude from there: “Your grandson Nikolai has proven himself to be an exceptionally conscientious and honest cadet, a sympathetic comrade. For excellent success in combat and political training, exemplary military discipline was encouraged by the command ... ".
Here, in a military school, Nikolai became friends with cadet Alexander Kartashov. A native Leningrader, Sasha often invited Nikolai home when he was dismissed. His moms; later she wrote to Darya Dmitrievna: “I did not make a difference between them, both of them were sons to me, both of them are dear. Are we the whole family? loved Kolya for his kindness, his simplicity, attention. I knew about Colin's difficult childhood and with all my heart tried to surround him with family warmth and cordiality.
Ancient Leningrad literally conquered Kolya. Knowing the sights of the city well, Sasha willingly introduced his friend to them. Together they went to museums, theaters. An indelible impression was made on Kolya by the Piskarevsky cemetery. The feelings that overwhelmed him resulted in a story about his grandmother, grandfather, Pyotr Andreevich Sinelnikov.
Soon after that, he submitted a report to the command of the school: “I ask you to send for further military service to a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
I look through documents, letters, photographs, postcards with views of Leningrad. All this willingly shows Daria Dmitrievna. She, who has not yet recovered from her grief, wants to talk about Kolya, remember the smallest details: “After all, in March, he sent me a congratulatory postcard from Afghanistan. He wrote not to worry, to take care of himself. In each letter, he always reported how he was doing, was interested in the health of his grandmother and sister.
Among the papers I meet, as at first it seemed, an unremarkable postcard. I open. Date below: May, 1979. The time when Kolya graduated from the Suvorov School. I'm reading. It is written in even Kolya's handwriting: “Carry, like a torch, through your whole life the mottos of A. V. Suvorov: “It is hard in learning - it is easy in battle”, “Win not by numbers, but by skill”, “There are military virtues: courage for a soldier, courage for an officer, courage for a general."
And one more commandment of the great Russian commander was written down here: "Die yourself, but save your comrade." With her in his heart, fulfilling his military duty to the Motherland, Lieutenant Kuznetsov took a step into immortality ...
In Sokolnikovskaya high school that on the territory of the Morshansky state farm, there is a “lesson of courage”. In front of the guys of average height is an elderly man. On the chest - the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Everyone here knows him. This is Pyotr Andreevich Sinelnikov. With bated breath, wide-eyed, the boys and girls listen to his memories and the story of their countryman Kolya Kuznetsov. They learn how to love the Motherland and how to defend it.
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14 years ago, on April 21, 1985, a group of Soviet spetsnaz scouts under the command of Lieutenant Nikolai Kuznetsov was ambushed. In an unequal battle, where a wall of more than four hundred "black storks" - Pakistani special forces, thugs professionally trained to kill - collapsed on a little over three dozen unfired soldiers.
The preponderance of forces was on the side of the bandits. Courageously accepting the last battle, our scouts continued to fight. But the supply of ammunition was only enough for a few minutes of battle. Kuznetsov was seriously wounded in the leg. Having ordered the fighters to break through to his own, he covered their withdrawal. But the ammo soon ran out. Grenades were launched. There were six of them! And here is the last one. Dushmans continued to squeeze the ring around the exhausted Soviet officer. Exhausted, exhausted and half-delirious, he lets the spirits close to him and pulls out the pin of the grenade. A deafening explosion swept through the mountains.
For this feat, Lieutenant Kuznetsov Nikolai Anatolyevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 21, 1985.
So the life of an ordinary village boy was cut short, fitting in only 23 years old. He did not know much in life, he did not have time to do much. But, involuntarily reflecting on this, you understand that he nevertheless did the main thing in his life - he fulfilled the highest commandment of love for one's neighbor: he laid down his belly for his friends.
Here I will quote the words of the Afghan writer Viktor Nikolaev, which, in my opinion, most reflect the modern tragedy of our society:
“By the death of a worthy person, one can judge how decrepit our morality and petrified soul are, for ordinary death is no longer enough. Lord through the death of Evgeny Rodionov, Nikolai Maidanov, the crew of the Kursk submarine, the heroic personnel of the sixth landing company from Pskov, enlightens us in this way, directing us to the path of truth.
With a more thorough assessment of all the ongoing events related to our army after the Great Patriotic War, one gets the impression that we are always fighting in the wrong place. We are rushed to die at the wrong time. So far, only the mercy of God saves us, thanks to which we, let the tattered ones, left Afghanistan with the whole army.
As Archpriest Alexander Shargunov says: “More than ever, the time has come to gather around the cross. The central place of Christ has been lost, there has been a loss of balance of faith. The enemy is trying to turn the cross upside down, to turn the mind around. For some who succumb to this, this is already happening.
The Orthodox army proves every hour: the feat of the Russian spirit is imperishable. Because the Lord gave us a talent - swearing an oath to defend the Motherland ... ".
But, alas, modern reality dictates its cruel conditions. A feat acquires the meaning of everyday life, and therefore we are not used to remembering heroes.
But, meanwhile, the heroes are our yesterday's friends and acquaintances, neighbors in the school desk and yard. It just so happened that, according to all the laws of life, each generation scolds the previous one. But doesn't a feat mean anything? Soviet soldier, covering a German girl from bullets. Four decades later, his son or grandson will refuse to lift the helicopter until the last fighter is on board. Already in other wars, more and more incomprehensible and no less cruel, the same Russian soldier will close a woman with his chest from a bandit, at the cost of his life he will cause fire on himself. Grandfather, father, and son will fight in different wars, not similar to each other, but perhaps the blood will be the same red as in 42, in 96.
But let me return to Kuznetsov. He was born on June 29, 1962 in the village of Pervaya Piterka, Morshansky District, Tambov Region. When he was 5 years old he was left an orphan. Together with their older sister Nina, they began to be brought up by their grandmother Kuznetsova Daria Dmitrievna. She, as best she could, replaced their parental warmth and affection, laid the beginnings of love for the Motherland, respect for the elders.
Often in the Kuznetsovs' house in the evenings, the grandmother told her grandchildren about her husband, veteran Vasily Mikhailovich Kuznetsov. He returned home a few months before the Victory. But no legs. Soon the illness crippled the health of Vasily Mikhailovich and after a while he died.
It is noteworthy that the Hero of the Soviet Union Pyotr Andreevich Sinelnikov was from the First Piterka. The boy saw the hero more than once when he came to visit his relatives, and he really wanted to hear stories about military everyday life, about the accomplished feat. And now the dream came true: Pyotr Andreevich was invited to a “lesson of courage” at the Piterkovskaya school. The schoolchildren were especially interested in stories about battles on the streets of Berlin. In one of them, the entire crew of the first gun of his battery perished. Pyotr Andreevich himself stood behind the sight and alone knocked out four enemy vehicles. For this fight he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Kolya also had another fellow countryman - a hero - Pyotr Kharitonov (from the neighboring village of Knyazhevo). Already on the sixth day of the war, he made a ram of the fascist Junkers - 88. He was among the first heroes of the USSR awarded this title during the war years. The famous pilot often came to his native places and at one of his meetings with young people, the schoolboy Kuznetsov wrote down the story of the hero in his student's notebook. Now it was no secret to anyone what profession Kolya would choose. Everyone knew that he decided to become a military man.
Tempering his body and character, he first enters the Suvorov School. Having finished it with one five, Suvorov Kuznetsov was recommended to the Leningrad Higher All-Arms Command School named after S.M. Kirov is one of the most prestigious educational institutions Soviet Union. In 1983 he graduated from college with honors.
First, as a young lieutenant, he was sent to serve in the air - airborne division to the city of Pskov as a group commander special purpose. Then there will be persistent requests to send him to Afghanistan.
So far, he has not reported anything home to either his grandmother or his sister. I didn't want to disturb them. In his letter to his sister Nina, he wrote that he was now near Tashkent. He also adds that she shouldn't be surprised if he ends up a little further south, where his fighting spirit and professional knowledge are required.
Since January 1985, Lieutenant Nikolai Anatolyevich Kuznetsov has been part of limited contingent troops in Afghanistan in the ranks of 334 separate detachment special purpose.
... The tragedy occurred on April 21, 1985. The battle took place in the Marawar Gorge, not far from the border with Pakistan. Special forces "black storks", having received reinforcements, surrounded Soviet intelligence officers. Kuznetsov's group, having received an order from the commander to retreat, broke through to his own. He and four soldiers remained to cover their retreat. One of them was wounded in the arm, leg and face. Kuznetsov dragged him to cover and provided medical assistance, then returned to his place and continued to shoot back. At this time, a brutal bullet hit right in the leg, and the cartridges ran out. Grenades were launched. There were six of them! And here is the last grenade in his hand. Dushmans with furious fury continued to surround the wounded, exhausted officer. Letting the enemy close to him, he unclenched his hand.
This is how the life and history of the feat of Nikolai Kuznetsov fit in “in a short line”. They say that a feat is an impulse, a moment. But to him, in my opinion, a person goes all his life. It cannot be said that he was not afraid of death. On the contrary, perhaps when he was surrounded by enemies, he cried, remembered the house, childhood. Or maybe he thought how the same commander would act like him, defending his homeland from fascism ?! But one thing is clear for sure - he boldly took this step into immortality, saving the lives of his comrades.
Many now say that this war was "not ours." But how to explain to the mother, relatives of the deceased, that their loved one, who covered his comrade with his shoulder, due to new political views, is no longer a hero, as before, but almost a criminal.
Alas, but this is the cruel truth of our life. The exploits of the Afghans and Chechens are not hidden from anyone. We simply do not want to notice and see them, so as not to burden ourselves with unnecessary reasoning. We found ourselves other Morozovs, Zaitsev, Zhukov, Kuznetsov, Maidanov. Rimbaud and Spider-Man, Batman and Superman, as it is not regrettably said, became the golden calf for us.
... In the old rural cemetery, among half-rotted wooden crosses, one can see a marble monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Anatolyevich Kuznetsov. In addition to loved ones local residents and no Afghans come to him.
That's how tragic and scary things are with the characters. Heroes not of yesterday, but of today.
Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov - Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General. Born on January 3, 1894 in the village of Ust-Usolka. By nationality - Russian. From 1912 to 1915 worked as an accountant in the office of Solikamsk. He was a member of the CPSU (b), joining the party in the twenty-eighth year.
Education
Kuznetsov Vasily graduated from two classes in primary school. Then four more in the city school of Solikamsk. A little later he entered the Kazan school of ensigns, which he graduated in 1916. In 1920 he studied at the Shot command staff courses. Then he entered the Frunze Military Academy. After the Great Patriotic War, Vasily Ivanovich graduated from special courses at the Higher Military Academy. Voroshilov.
Military service
Vasily Kuznetsov joined the army on conscription in the spring of 1915. At first he was a private in a reserve regiment. Then he got to the front. After completing the ensign courses, he received the rank of junior officer and returned to the active army again.
Civil War
Kuznetsov V.I. entered the Red Army in 1918. During civil war first he was a company commander, then a battalion and rifle regiment. After the end of hostilities, he led a regiment, division, corps and the Vitebsk army group. In the fall of 1938, Vasily Kuznetsov received membership in the Military Council under the People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union. He received the rank of commander, and in 1940 he became a lieutenant general.
During the Great Patriotic
In 1939 he commanded the 3rd Army, which participated in Polish campaign. At the beginning of the Second World War, Kuznetsov's army was surrounded near Grodno. The army left the “ring” in July 1941 in the Rogachev area thanks to the skillful command of Kuznetsov, despite fierce fighting. In August, Vasily Ivanovich led the Twenty-First Army, first of the Central, and then of the South-Western Fronts.
Then Kuznetsov Vasily Ivanovich led the Fifty-eighth Army. But at the same time, according to the recollections of his son (who followed in the footsteps of his father and later became a colonel), he ended up in the hospital. Near Moscow at that time there was a very tense situation. The formation of an additional First Shock Army began urgently. Kuznetsova was not on the list of candidates for her army commander, the leadership did not consider his candidacy at all. But Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin thought differently and called Vasily Ivanovich to himself directly from the hospital. He announced the delivery of the First Shock Army under his leadership.
She participated in the battles on the Western Moscow Front. Took part in offensive operations and counteroffensive. Under the leadership of Kuznetsov, the First Shock Army distinguished itself in the Demyansk operation, when it was able to close the encirclement around the enemy group.
Since 1942, Kuznetsov Vasily led the Sixty-third Army on the Don and Stalingrad fronts. For a long time he held back the enemy near Stalingrad. Since the end of the autumn of the forty-second year, Kuznetsov was appointed deputy commander Southwestern Front, and since December, the First guards army, which was later renamed the Third Ukrainian. In the spring of 1943 Kuznetsov Vasily Ivanovich received the rank of colonel general. From December of the same year, he replaced the commander of the First Baltic Front. Member of the offensive Nevelsk-Gorodok operation. After the successful completion of the task assigned to Kuznetsov, he received the Third Shock Army under his command.
post-war period
In the post-war period, Kuznetsov V.I., Colonel General, remained the commander of the Third Shock Army in the occupation forces. From 1948 he chaired the Central Committee of the DOSARM (later DOSAAF). From the fifty-third year he was appointed commander of the army of the Volga district. Since the fifty-seventh year, he worked in the main apparatus of the Ministry of Defense. In 1960 he resigned. Kuznetsov Vasily Ivanovich, general, was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union of the second and fourth convocations. He died on June 20, 1964. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Awards and memory
For the competent leadership of the troops in courage and courage, Colonel-General V. I. Kuznetsov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union Socialist Republics May twenty-ninth, 1945
Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov rose to the rank of Colonel General. He was awarded with orders Lenin (two), Suvorov (first and second degree) and the Red Banner (five). Received several domestic and foreign medals. He was awarded foreign orders. Two Polish: "Virtuti Military" of the third degree and the Cross of Grunwald of the third class; one French: Legion of Honor in the degree of commander.
Kuznetsov Vasily Ivanovich installed busts in Moscow and Sergiev Posad. A square in the Dmitrovsky district, in the city of Yakhroma, a boulevard in Sergiev Posad, streets in Solikamsk, Moscow and a school in the city of Dmitrov are named after the general.