VDV creation history purpose structure. Russian airborne troops
Russian paratroopers are revered not only in their own country. They are respected by the whole world. One American general is known to have said that if he had a company of Russian paratroopers, he would have conquered the entire planet. Among the legendary formations of the Russian army is the 45th Airborne Regiment. He has interesting story, central part which is occupied by heroic deeds.
We are proud of our paratroopers, honor their courage, valor and readiness to defend the interests of the Motherland at any cost. Glorious Pages military history The USSR, and then Russia, appeared, largely due to the heroic deeds of paratroopers. Soldiers serving in the Airborne Forces fearlessly performed the most difficult tasks and special operations. Air- landing troops- among the most prestigious formations of the Russian army. Soldiers strive to get there, wanting to feel involved in creating the glorious military history of their country.
45th Airborne Regiment: Key Facts
45 regiment special forces of the Airborne Forces was formed in early 1994. Its base was separate battalions number 218 and 901. By the middle of the year, the regiment was equipped with weapons and fighters. The 45th regiment began its first combat operation in December 1994 in Chechnya. The paratroopers participated in the battles until February 1995, and then returned to the Moscow region, to the base of their deployment on a permanent basis. In 2005, the regiment received the Battle Banner of the Guards Regiment No. 119
From the moment of its foundation, the military formation became known as the 45th reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces. But in early 2008, it was renamed the regiment special purpose. In August of the same year, it participated in a special operation to force Georgia to peace. In 2010, Regiment 45 tactical group provided security for Russian citizens during unrest in Kyrgyzstan.
background
The basis for the formation of the 45th separate guards regiment was the 218th and 901st special forces battalions. The fighters of the first battalion had taken part in three combat operations by that time. In the summer of 1992, the battalion served in Transnistria, in September - in the territories where the conflict between Ossetian and Ingush military groups took place, in December - in Abkhazia.
Since 1979, battalion number 901 has been part of the Soviet troops on the territory of Czechoslovakia, in 1989 it was redeployed to Latvia and transferred to the structure of the Baltic Military District. In 1991, the 901st Special Forces Battalion was relocated to the Abkhaz ASSR. In 1992, it was renamed the paratrooper battalion. In 1993, the formation performed tasks related to the protection of state and military facilities. In the fall of 1993, the battalion was redeployed to the Moscow region. Then the 45th regiment of the Russian Airborne Forces appeared.
Awards
In 1995, the 45th Airborne Regiment received the Diploma of the President of Russia for services to the country. In July 1997, the formation was awarded the banner of the airborne regiment number 5, which participated in the hostilities during the Great Patriotic War. In 2001, the regiment received Vympel from the Minister of Defense of Russia - for courage, high combat skills and real valor when participating in hostilities on the territory of Chechnya. 45 guards regiment The Airborne Forces owns the Order of Kutuzov - the corresponding decree was signed by the President of Russia. The military formation was awarded this award for the success in the heroic performance of military operations, the heroism and courage shown by the soldiers and the command. The regiment became the first carrier in recent history our country. In July 2009, the formation received the St. George banner.
The title of Hero of Russia was given to ten fighters, whose duty station was the 45th Airborne Regiment. The Order of Courage was awarded to 79 paratroopers. Ten military personnel of the regiment were awarded the medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" of the second degree. Seventeen and three paratroopers received the Orders "For Military Merit" and "For Merit to the Fatherland", respectively. Medals "For Courage" were received by 174 servicemen, the medal of Suvorov - 166. Seven people were awarded the Zhukov medal.
Anniversary
Kubinka near Moscow - the 45th Airborne Regiment is based there - in July 2014 was the place where the anniversary celebrations dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the formation were held. The event was held in the format open doors- the paratroopers showed their combat skills to the guests, the parachute units lowered the flag of the Airborne Forces from the sky, and the famous pilots from the Russian Knights team showed the wonders of aerobatics on fighters.
The legendary regiment as part of the Airborne Forces
Which includes the 45th regiment - Airborne Forces (airborne troops) of Russia. Their history dates back to August 2, 1930. Then the first paratroopers of the Air Force of the Moscow District made a parachute landing in our country. It was a kind of experiment that showed military theorists how promising the landing of parachute units could be from the point of view of combat operations. The first official unit of the airborne troops of the USSR appeared only the following year in the Leningrad Military District. The formation included 164 people, all of them were servicemen of the airborne assault detachment. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were five airborne corps in the USSR, each of which served 10,000 fighters.
Airborne Forces during the Great Patriotic War
With the outbreak of war, all Soviet airborne corps entered into battles taking place on the territory of the Ukrainian, Belorussian, Republic of Lithuania. The largest operation involving paratroopers during the war years is considered to be the battle with a group of Germans near Moscow in early 1942. Then 10 thousand paratroopers won the most important victory for the front. Parts of the Airborne Forces were connected to the battles near Stalingrad.
Paratroopers Soviet army honorably fulfilled the duty of defending the city. Airborne Army The USSR also took part in the battles after the defeat of Nazi Germany - in August 1945 they fought on Far East against the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces. Over 4,000 paratroopers helped the Soviet troops win important victories in this sector of the front.
After the war
Particular attention, according to the observation of military analysts, in the post-war strategy development of the Airborne Forces The USSR was given to organizing hostilities behind enemy lines, increasing the combat capability of soldiers, interacting with army units, subject to the possible use atomic weapons. The troops began to be equipped with new aircraft of the AN-12 and AN-22 types, which, thanks to their large carrying capacity, could deliver vehicles, armored vehicles, artillery and other means of warfare behind enemy lines.
Every year, an increasing number of military exercises were conducted with the participation of airborne soldiers. Among the largest - held in the spring of 1970 in the Byelorussian ASSR. As part of the Dvina exercises, more than 7 thousand soldiers and more than 150 guns were parachuted. In 1971, exercises "South" of a comparable scale took place. In the late 1970s, the application was first tested in landing operations new aircraft "Il-76". Until the collapse of the USSR, the soldiers of the Airborne Forces at each of the exercises repeatedly showed the highest combat skills.
Airborne troops of the Russian Federation today
Now the Airborne Forces are considered a structure that is called upon to independently (or as part of it) perform combat missions in conflicts of various scales - from local to global. About 95% of the Airborne Forces are in a state of constant combat readiness. Landing forces are considered one of the most mobile branches of the Russian military. are also called upon to perform the functions of conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.
As part of the Russian Airborne Forces - four divisions, its own training center, institute, as well as a large number of structures that perform work on provision, supply and maintenance.
The motto of the Russian Airborne Forces is "No one but us!" The service of a paratrooper is considered by many to be one of the most prestigious and at the same time difficult. As of 2010, 4,000 officers, 7,000 contract soldiers, and 24,000 conscripts served in the Airborne Forces. Another 28,000 are civilian personnel of the formation.
Paratroopers and operation in Afghanistan
The largest participation of the Airborne Forces in hostilities after the Great Patriotic War took place in Afghanistan. The 103rd division, the 345th airborne regiment, two battalions participated in the battles, motorized rifle brigades. A number of military analysts believe that the specifics of warfare in Afghanistan did not imply the feasibility of using parachute landing as a method of transferring combat strength army. This, according to analysts, is due mountainous terrain countries and also high level the cost of such operations. The personnel of the Airborne Forces, as a rule, were transferred using helicopters.
the largest airborne operation The USSR in Afghanistan became the Battle of Panjera in 1982. More than 4 thousand paratroopers took part in it (with total number soldiers involved in the operation, 12 thousand people). as a result of the fighting, she was able to take the main part of the Panjer Gorge under her control.
Combat operations of the Airborne Forces after the collapse of the USSR
The paratroopers, despite the difficult times that came after the collapse of the superpower, continued to defend the interests of their country. They were often peacekeepers in the territories of the former Soviet republics. Russian paratroopers made themselves known to the whole world during the conflict in Yugoslavia in 1999. Soldiers of the Russian Airborne Forces made the famous attack on Pristina, having managed to get ahead of the military from NATO.
Throw on Pristina
On the night of June 11-12, 1999, Russian paratroopers appeared on the territory of Yugoslavia, starting from neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina. They managed to occupy an airfield located near the city of Pristina. There, a few hours later, NATO soldiers appeared. Some details of those events are known. In particular, US Army General Clark ordered his colleague from the British armed forces to prevent the Russians from seizing the airfield. He replied that he did not want to provoke a third world war. However, the main part of the information on the essence of the operation in Pristina is not available - it is all classified.
Russian paratroopers in Chechnya
Troops of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation took part in both Chechen wars. Regarding the first - most of data is still secret. It is known, for example, that among the most famous operations of the second campaign with the participation of the Airborne Forces is the Battle of Argun. The Russian army received the task of blocking a strategically significant section of the transport highways passing through the Argun Gorge. According to him, the separatists received food, weapons and medicines. The paratroopers joined the operation in December as part of the 56th Airborne Regiment.
The heroic feat of the paratroopers participating in the battles for 776 heights near the Chechen Ulus-Kert is known. In February 2000, the 6th company of the Airborne Forces from Pskov entered the battle with the grouping of Khattab and Basaev, ten times larger in number. During the day, the militants were blocked inside the Argun Gorge. Performing the task, the soldiers of the Pskov company of the Airborne Forces did not spare themselves. Only 6 soldiers survived.
Russian paratroopers and the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict
In the 1990s, units of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation performed in the territories where the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict took place, mainly peacekeeping functions. But in 2008, the paratroopers participated in combat operations. When the Georgian army attacked South Ossetia, units were sent to the war area Russian army, including the 76th division of the Russian Airborne Forces from Pskov. According to a number of military analysts, there were no major amphibious landings in this special operation. However, according to experts, the participation of Russian paratroopers had a psychological effect - primarily on the political leadership of Georgia.
45th regiment: renaming
AT recent times there is information that the 45th Airborne Regiment can receive the honorary name of the Preobrazhensky regiment. A military formation with this name was founded by Peter the Great and became legendary. There is a version that the initiative regarding the fact that the 45th regiment of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation should be renamed comes from a statement by the President of Russia, who expressed the opinion that formations named after famous regiments, such as Semenovsky, Preobrazhensky, should appear in the Russian army. At one of the military councils of the Russian Airborne Forces, as indicated in some sources, the proposal of the President was considered, and as a result, responsible persons were instructed to prepare information on the start of work on the creation of historical army regiments. It is quite possible that the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation will receive the title of Preobrazhensky.
The structure of the Airborne Forces Russia
In this article, we will start a conversation about the organizational structure of the Airborne Forces. By the holiday of the airborne troops, it makes sense to talk about some components of the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces, where people who are most directly related to the airborne troops serve and work. Let's try to clearly distribute where what is located and who does what exactly.
Like any army structure, the Airborne Forces Russian Federation has a clear, well-coordinated organized structure, consisting of the administrative apparatus of the airborne troops, two airborne assault (mountain) and two airborne divisions, separate airborne and airborne assault brigades.
Also, the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces includes a separate communications regiment, a separate special-purpose guards regiment, as well as some educational institutions - the Ryazan Higher Airborne command school, the Ulyanovsk Guards Suvorov Military School, as well as the Nizhny Novgorod Cadet School. In short, this is what the organizational structure of the Russian Airborne Forces looks like. Now let's explore this topic in more detail.
Say something detailed about the administrative apparatus of the structure Airborne Troops The Russian Federation, of course, is possible, but it does not make much sense in this. Just note that there are approximately 4 thousand officers in the ranks of the Airborne Forces different ranks including sergeants. This figure can be considered quite optimal.
Personnel of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation
In addition to the officers, in the ranks of the Russian Airborne Forces there are also contract military personnel, conscript military personnel, as well as special civilian personnel. In total, the structure of the Airborne Forces in our country has approximately 35 thousand soldiers and officers, as well as about 30 thousand civilian personnel, workers and employees. Not so little, if you think about it, especially for the elite troops and the training corresponding to the elite in all spheres of military life.
Now let's get a little more detailed about the divisions that are part of organizational structure Airborne. As already mentioned above, the composition includes two airborne and two airborne assault divisions. More recently, until 2006, all divisions of the Russian Airborne Forces were airborne. However, later the leadership considered that such a number of paratroopers in the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces was not required, so half of the existing divisions were reformatted into air assault divisions.
This is not a whim exclusively of the Russian command, but a trend of the times, when it is often easier not to drop paratroopers, but to land an elite unit on special transport helicopters. All sorts of situations happen in war.
The famous 7th division, based in Novorossiysk since the 90s, and the 76th, the oldest among all divisions of the Airborne Forces, located in Pskov, were reformatted into airborne assault divisions. 98th Ivanovskaya and 106th Tula remained airborne. Roughly the same with individual brigades. Airborne brigades in Ulan-Ude and Ussuriysk remained airborne, but Ulyanovsk and Kamyshinskaya became airborne assault. So the balance of those and those in the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces is approximately the same.
Well, apart from everything else, separate tank and motorized rifle companies and reconnaissance battalions also undergo program airborne training, although they are not listed in the organizational structure of the Russian Airborne Forces. But who knows, suddenly they will have to act together and perform similar tasks in due time?
Separate regiments in the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces
Now let's move on to the individual regiments that are part of the structure of the Russian Airborne Forces. There are two of them: the 38th separate communications regiment and the 45th special purpose guards regiment. The 38th communications regiment was formed after the Great Patriotic War in Belarus. Specific tasks are to ensure communication between the headquarters and subordinates at the forefront.
In the most difficult conditions, signalmen certainly went in combat landing formations, organizing and maintaining telephone and radio communications. Previously, the regiment was located in the Vitebsk region, but over time it was relocated to the Moscow region. The base of the regiment - the village of Bear Lakes - is explained by the fact that it is there that the huge Communications Satellite Control Center is located.
The 45th Special Purpose Guards Regiment, based in Kubinka near Moscow, is the youngest military unit of the Russian Airborne Forces structure. It was formed in 1994 on the basis of two other separate special forces battalions. At the same time, despite its youth, over the 20 years of its existence, the regiment has already managed to be awarded the orders of Alexander Nevsky and Kutuzov.
Educational institutions in the structure of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation
And, finally, a few words should be said about educational institutions. As mentioned above, there are several of them in the organizational structure of the Russian Airborne Forces. The most famous, of course, is the RVVDKU - the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, which since 1996 has been named after Vasily Filippovich Margelov. I think it’s not worth explaining to the paratroopers what kind of person he is.
In the organizational structure of the Airborne Forces Ryazan school is the oldest - it has been operating since 1918, even when the concept of "airborne assault" did not yet exist in the ranks of the Red Army. But this did not prevent the school from producing trained, qualified fighters, masters of their craft. Since the 1950s, Ryazan has become the forge of personnel for the Airborne Forces.
Junior commanders and specialists in the Airborne Forces are trained at the 242 training center. This center began to take shape back in the 1960s with the participation of Margelov himself, and in 1987 it received its modern place in the organizational structure of the Airborne Forces. In 1992, the 242th training center was transferred from Lithuania to the city of Omsk. This training center trains junior commanders of all technical means adopted by the airborne troops, radiotelephonists, howitzer commanders and gunners, gunners of airborne combat vehicles.
In the organizational structure of the Russian Airborne Forces, there are other educational institutions that deserve attention, such as the 332 school of ensigns or the Ulyanovsk Guards Suvorov Military School, and you can write and write about them very, very much, but there is simply not enough space on the entire site to mention all the most interesting points and achievements of all components of the Airborne Forces structure.
Conclusion
Therefore, we will leave room for the future and, perhaps, a little later we will tell in more detail about each division, brigade, educational institution in a separate article. We have no doubt that extremely worthy people serve and work there, the real elite of the Russian army, and sooner or later we will speak about them in as much detail as possible.
If we sum up some of the above, then the study of the organizational structure of the Russian Airborne Forces does not present any particular difficulty - it is extremely transparent and understandable to everyone. Perhaps some difficulties arise in connection with the study of transfers and reorganizations immediately after the collapse of the USSR, but this already looks inevitable. Nevertheless, even now some changes are constantly taking place in the structure of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation, albeit not too large-scale. But this is more to do with optimizing the work of the airborne troops as much as possible.
The Russian airborne troops are designed to perform various combat missions behind enemy lines, destroy combat points, cover various units, and many other tasks. Airborne divisions in peacetime often play the role of rapid reaction forces in the event of emergency situations requiring military intervention. The Russian Airborne Forces carry out their tasks immediately after landing, for which helicopters or aircraft are used.
The history of the appearance of the airborne troops of Russia
History of the Airborne Forces started at the end of 1930. Just then, at base 11 rifle division, a detachment of a fundamentally new type was created - airborne. This detachment was the prototype of the first Soviet landing unit. In 1932, this detachment became known as the Special Purpose Aviation Brigade. With this name, the units of the Airborne Forces existed until 1938, in which they were renamed the 201st Airborne Brigade.
The first use of landing forces in the USSR in a combat operation took place in 1929 (after which it was decided to create such units). Then the Soviet Red Army soldiers were parachuted in the area of the Tajik city of Garm, which was captured by a gang of Basmachi bandits who came to the territory of Tajikistan from abroad. Despite the superior numbers of the enemy, I act decisively and boldly, the Red Army completely defeated the gang.
Many argue whether this operation should be considered a full-fledged landing, since a detachment of Red Army soldiers was landed after the plane landed, and did not parachute. One way or another, the day of the Airborne Forces is not dedicated to this date, but is celebrated in honor of the first full-fledged landing of the group near the Klochkovo farm near Voronezh, which was carried out as part of military exercises.
In 1931, by special order number 18, an experienced airborne detachment was created, whose task was to find out the scope and purpose of the airborne troops. This freelance detachment consisted of 164 members of the personnel and included:
- One rifle company;
- Several separate platoons (communications, sapper and light vehicles platoon);
- Heavy bomber squadrons;
- One corps aviation detachment.
As early as 1932, all such detachments were deployed in special battalions, and by the end of 1933 there were 29 such battalions and brigades. The task of training aviation instructors and developing special standards was entrusted to the Leningrad military district.
In the pre-war period, landing troops were used by the high command to strike at the rear of the enemy, to help soldiers who were surrounded, and so on. In the 1930s, the Red Army took the practical training of paratroopers very seriously. In 1935, during the maneuvers, a total of 2,500 people were landed along with military equipment. The very next year, the number of paratroopers was more than tripled, which made a huge impression on the military delegations. foreign countries who were invited to the maneuvers.
The first real battle involving Soviet paratroopers took place in 1939. Although this incident is described by Soviet historians as an ordinary military conflict, Japanese historians consider it to be a real local war. The 212 Airborne Brigade participated in the battles for Khalkhin Gol. Since the use of a fundamentally new paratrooper tactic turned out to be a complete surprise for the Japanese, airborne troops brilliantly proved what they are capable of.
Participation of the Airborne Forces in the Great Patriotic War
Before the start of World War II, all airborne brigades were deployed into corps. In each corps there were more than 10,000 people, whose weapons were the most advanced at that time. On September 4, 1941, all parts of the Airborne Forces were transferred to the direct subordination of the commander of the airborne troops (the first commander of the Airborne Forces was Lieutenant General Glazunov, who remained in this position until 1943). After that, they were formed:
- 10 Airborne Corps;
- 5 maneuverable airborne brigades of the Airborne Forces;
- Spare regiments of the Airborne Forces;
- Airborne School.
Before the start of the Second World War, the airborne troops were an independent branch of the armed forces that were capable of solving a wide range of tasks.
The regiments of the Airborne Forces were widely involved in the counteroffensive, as well as various military operations, including assistance and support for other types of troops. Throughout the years of the Great Patriotic War, the Airborne Forces proved their effectiveness.
In 1944, the Airborne Forces were reorganized into the Guards Airborne Army. She became part of the long-range aviation. On December 18 of the same year, this army was renamed the 9th guards army, it included all brigades, divisions and regiments of the Airborne Forces. At the same time, a separate department of the Airborne Forces was created, which was subordinate to the commander of the air force.
Airborne troops in the post-war period
In 1946, all brigades and divisions of the Airborne Forces were transferred to the ground forces. They were subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, being a reserve type of troops of the Supreme Commander.
In 1956 year of the Airborne Forces again had to take part in an armed skirmish. Together with other types of troops, the paratroopers were thrown into the suppression of the Hungarian uprising against the pro-Soviet regime.
In 1968, two divisions of the Airborne Forces participated in the events in Czechoslovakia, where they provided full support to all formations and units of this operation.
After the war, all units and brigades of the airborne troops received latest samples firearms and many pieces of military equipment made specifically for the Airborne Forces. Over the years, samples of airborne equipment have been created:
- Tracked armored vehicles BTR-D and BMD;
- Cars TPK and GAZ-66;
- Self-propelled guns ASU-57, ASU-85.
In addition, the most complex systems for parachute landing of all the listed equipment were created. Since the new technology needed large transport aircraft for landing, new models of large-body aircraft were created that could carry out parachute landing of armored vehicles and vehicles.
The airborne troops of the USSR were the first in the world to receive their own armored vehicles, which were developed specifically for them. For everyone major exercises landing of troops was carried out along with armored vehicles, which constantly amazed the representatives of foreign states present at the exercises. The number of specialized transport aircraft capable of landing was so great that in just one sortie it was possible to land all the equipment and 75 percent of the personnel of an entire division.
In the fall of 1979, the 105th Airborne Division was disbanded. This division was trained to fight in the mountains and deserts, and was deployed in the Uzbek and Kirghiz SSR. In the same year, Soviet troops were introduced into the territory of Afghanistan. Since the 105th division was disbanded, the 103rd division was sent instead, the personnel of which did not have any the slightest idea and training for combat operations in mountainous and desert areas. Numerous losses among the paratroopers showed what a huge mistake the command made, recklessly deciding to disband the 105th Airborne Division.
Airborne troops during the Afghan war
The following divisions went through the Afghan war and airborne brigades and air assault formations:
- Airborne Division 103 (which was sent to Afghanistan to replace the disbanded 103 Division);
- 56 OGRDSHBR (separate airborne assault brigade);
- Parachute Regiment;
- 2 battalions of the DSHB, which were part of the motorized rifle brigades.
Total in Afghan war about 20 percent of the paratroopers participated. Due to the peculiarity of the relief of Afghanistan, the use of parachute landing in the highlands was unjustified, so the delivery of paratroopers was carried out using the landing method. Deaf mountainous areas were often inaccessible to armored vehicles, so the entire blow of the Afghan militants had to be taken on by the personnel of the Airborne Forces.
Despite the division of the Airborne Forces into air assault and airborne units, all units had to act according to the same scheme, and they had to fight in an unfamiliar area, with an enemy for whom these mountains were their home.
About half of the airborne troops were dispersed among various outposts and control points of the country, which other parts of the army were supposed to do. Although this hindered the movement of the enemy, it was unwise to misuse elite troops trained in a completely different manner of combat. The paratroopers had to perform the functions of ordinary motorized rifle units.
The largest operation involving Soviet airborne units (after the operation of the Second World War) is considered to be the 5th Panjshir Operation, which was carried out from May to June 1982. During this operation, about 4,000 paratroopers of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division were landed from helicopters. In three days, Soviet troops (of which there were about 12,000, including paratroopers) almost completely established control over the Panjshir Gorge, although the losses were huge.
Realizing that the special armored vehicles of the Airborne Forces were ineffective in Afghanistan, since most of the operations had to be carried out together with motorized rifle battalions, BMD-1 and BTR-D began to be systematically replaced with standard equipment of motorized rifle units. Light armor and a low resource of light vehicles did not bring any advantages in the Afghan war. This replacement took place from 1982 to 1986. At the same time, the landing units were reinforced with artillery and tank units.
Airborne assault formations, their differences from paratrooper units
Along with the parachute units, the air forces also had air assault units, which were directly subordinate to the commanders of the military districts. Their difference was in the performance of various tasks, subordination and organizational structure. The uniform, armament, training of personnel did not differ in any way from paratrooper formations.
The main reason for the creation of air assault formations in the second half of the 60s of the 20th century was the development of a new strategy and tactics for waging a full-scale war with a prospective enemy.
This strategy was based on the use of massive landings behind enemy lines, with the aim of disorganizing the defense and causing panic in the ranks of the enemy. Since the army fleet was equipped by this time with a sufficient number of transport helicopters, it became possible to conduct large-scale operations using large groups paratroopers.
In the 1980s, 14 brigades, 2 regiments and 20 battalions of air assault battalions were deployed throughout the USSR. One DShB brigade belonged to one military district. The main difference between the parachute and air assault units was as follows:
- The parachute formations were provided with specialized airborne equipment by 100 percent, and the air assault formations had only 25 percent of the staffing of such armored vehicles. This can be explained by the various combat missions that these formations were supposed to perform;
- Parts of the parachute troops were subordinate only directly to the command of the Airborne Forces, in contrast to the air assault units, which were subordinate to the command of the military districts. This was done for greater mobility and efficiency in the event of a need for a sudden landing;
- The tasks of these formations also differed significantly from each other. The air assault units were to be used for operations in the immediate rear of the enemy or in the territory occupied by the front-line units of the enemy, in order to cause panic and disrupt the plans of the enemy by their actions, while the main parts of the army were to hit him. Parachute units were intended for landing deep behind enemy lines, and their landing was to be carried out non-stop. At the same time, the military training of both formations was practically no different, although the intended tasks of the paratrooper units were much more difficult;
- Parachute units of the Airborne Forces have always been deployed along full staff and are equipped with cars and armored vehicles by 100 percent. Many air assault brigades were incomplete and did not bear the title of "Guards". The only exceptions were three brigades, which were formed on the basis of parachute regiments and were called "Guards".
The difference between regiments and brigades was the presence of only two battalions in the regiment. In addition, the composition of the regimental kit in the regiments was often reduced.
Until now, disputes have not subsided about whether there were special forces in the Soviet army, or whether this function was performed by the Airborne Forces. The fact is that in the USSR (as in modern Russia) It never happened separate troops special purpose. Instead, they were part of the special purpose GRU of the General Staff.
Although these units have existed since 1950, their existence remained a secret until the late 80s. Since the shape of the special forces units was no different from the shape of other units of the Airborne Forces, often not only the townsfolk did not know about their existence, but even the soldiers military service learned about it only at the time of admission to the personnel.
Since the main tasks of the special forces were reconnaissance and sabotage activities, they were united with the Airborne Forces only by uniforms, airborne training of personnel and the possibility of using special forces for operations behind enemy lines.
Vasily Filippovich Margelov - "father" of the Airborne Forces
A huge role in the development of the airborne troops, the development of the theory of their use and the development of weapons belongs to the commander of the Airborne Forces from 1954 to 1979 - Vasily Filippovich Margelov. It is in his honor that the Airborne Forces are jokingly called "Uncle Vasya's troops." Margelov laid the foundation for the positioning of the airborne troops as highly mobile units with high firepower and protected by reliable armor. It was this kind of troops that were supposed to inflict quick and unexpected strikes on the enemy in conditions nuclear war. At the same time, the task of the Airborne Forces in no case should have been to hold the captured objects or positions for a long time, since in this case the landing force would certainly be destroyed by the regular units of the enemy army.
Under the influence of Margelov for airborne units special samples have been developed small arms, allowing you to effectively fire even at the time of landing, special models of cars and armored vehicles, the creation of new transport aircraft designed for landing and armored vehicles.
It was on the initiative of Margelov that a special symbols of the Airborne Forces, familiar to all modern Russians - a vest and a blue beret, which are the pride of every paratrooper.
In the history of the airborne troops, there are several interesting facts few know:
- Specialized airborne units, which were the predecessors of the Airborne Forces, appeared during the Second World War. At that time, no other army in the world had such units. The airborne army was supposed to carry out operations in the German rear. Seeing that the Soviet command created a fundamentally new branch of the military, the Anglo-American command also created its own airborne army in 1944. However, this army never managed to take part in the hostilities during the Second World War;
- During the Second World War, several tens of thousands of people who served in the airborne units received many orders and medals of various degrees, and 12 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union;
- After the end of the Second World War, the airborne troops of the USSR were the most numerous among such units in the whole world. Moreover, according to the official version, the airborne troops of the Russian Federation are the most numerous in the whole world, to this day;
- Soviet paratroopers are the only ones who managed to land in full combat gear at the North Pole, and this operation was carried out back in the late 40s;
- Only in the practice of Soviet paratroopers was landing from many kilometers in combat vehicles.
Airborne Forces Day - the main holiday of the airborne troops of Russia
August 2 is the day of the airborne troops of Russia, or as it is also called - the day of the Airborne Forces. This holiday is celebrated on the basis of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation and is very popular among all paratroopers who have served or are serving in the airborne troops. On the day of the Airborne Forces, demonstrations, processions, concerts, sporting events and festivities are held.
Unfortunately, Airborne Forces Day is considered the most unpredictable and scandalous holiday in Russia. Often paratroopers organize riots, pogroms and fights. As a rule, these are people who have served in the army for a long time, but they want to diversify their civilian life, therefore, on the day of the airborne troops, patrol squads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are traditionally strengthened, which keep order in public places in Russian cities. AT last years there has been a steady downward trend in the number of fights and pogroms on the day of the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers learn to celebrate their holiday in a civilized way, because riots and pogroms dishonor the name of the defender of the Motherland.
Flag and emblem of the airborne troops
The flag of the airborne troops, along with the emblem, is a symbol of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation. The emblem of the Airborne Forces is of three types:
- The small emblem of the Airborne Forces is a golden fiery grenade with wings;
- The middle emblem of the Airborne Forces is a double-headed eagle with open wings. In one paw he has a sword, and in the other - a grenada with wings. The chest of the eagle covers the shield, with the image of George the Victorious, slaying the dragon;
- The large emblem of the Airborne Forces is a copy of the grenada on the small emblem, only it is in the heraldic shield, which is bordered by a round wreath of oak leaves, while the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation adorns the upper part of the wreath.
The flag of the airborne troops of the Russian Federation was established on June 14, 2004 by order of the Ministry of Defense. The flag of the airborne troops is a rectangular blue panel. There is a green stripe at the bottom of it. The center of the flag of the airborne troops is decorated with the image of a golden parachute with a paratrooper. On both sides of the parachute are airplanes.
Despite all the difficulties that the Russian army experienced in the 90s, it managed to maintain the glorious traditions of the Airborne Forces, the structure of which today is an example for many armies in the world.
Airborne troops can rightfully be considered a model of valor and strength. national army. It is difficult to imagine a soldier who dreams of serving in the army, who would not like to try himself as a paratrooper.
Service in this type of troops has several characteristic features, among which are intensive physical exercise is key. Because of this, the current legislation provides for a number of mandatory requirements that a conscript who wants to serve in the ranks of the elite troops must meet.
How to get into the Airborne Forces by conscription, many conscripts ask themselves this question before visiting the medical commission. The answer is simple: it is important to meet all the selection criteria and express your desire to get into this branch of the military before the distribution commission.
What is important to do
According to current legal norms, namely, in accordance with paragraph "D" of the regulation "On military duty", recommendations on the distribution of conscript soldiers are provided by the head of the territorial military registration and enlistment office. As a rule, people of military age are asked about his intention regarding military duty even during the initial registration. After passing the medical commission, the conscript goes to a meeting of the draft commission, where decisions will be made on which troops the young man will serve in (in the absence of contraindications for health reasons). It is important here not to be shy and clearly indicate your desire to serve in the Airborne Forces.
It is very important to understand that airborne troops are not just romance, it is a very difficult and dangerous service. This branch of service is not only considered the elite of the entire Russian army, it is practically the main reserve of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, therefore the requirements for enrollment in this branch of service are much more serious than anywhere else. Good health and impressive stamina are especially important if you want to serve in a special forces unit.
Find out: What are the requirements for an officer of the Russian army in military service
Key selection criteria for recruits
For ease of perception, these requirements for conscript soldiers should be divided into several categories.
Physical health status
For the intense loads that an ordinary airborne force is subjected to, an impeccable state of health is required. There should be no congenital or acquired pathologies. Based on the results of the examination, the medical commission at the military registration and enlistment office must issue an A1 fitness category, which must be recorded in the relevant documentation.
In addition, a recruit applying for service in the Airborne Forces should not have any predisposition to chronic inflammatory processes. The medical record from the polyclinic at the place of permanent registration should not contain evidence of surgical interventions as a result of injuries or the development of internal pathology. On a daily basis, paratroopers are subjected to heavy loads, which include:
- grueling endurance training;
- constant skydiving;
- regular exhaustion of the body as a result of long flights;
- unbalanced nutrition during survival courses and so on.
All this can leave an indelible mark on a weakened body, so you should sensibly assess your health. With a purposeful desire to enlist in the Airborne Forces, it is recommended to start training as early as possible. Indeed, in addition to physical good health and the absence of pathological processes in the body, these are far from all the requirements.
Mental health and emotional stability are also essential requirements for a soldier entering the military service as a paratrooper. The conscript will have to pass a series of specialized tests, which cannot be deliberately deceived. They are developed by military psychologists and are quite successfully applied in practice, weeding out unreliable applicants.
Physical Data
There are certain anthropometric parameters that must be met in order to enter the service in the Airborne Forces. The figures are reasonable. Even a slight deviation from the specified requirements for height and weight can be the main reason for refusal.
The growth of a potential paratrooper should not be less than 175 cm and not more than 195 cm. Body weight can vary from 75 to 85 kg.
These indicators are natural in the physiological sense. Deviation from these parameters is an indirect evidence of hidden health problems. In addition, non-compliance with these requirements may impede the fulfillment of the combat mission assigned to the elite troops of the Russian Federation.
Find out: What are the duties of the patrol Armed Forces of the Russian Federation according to the charter
Growth indicators are also not randomly assigned. Short people will definitely not be able to cope with strength exercises and other delights of the life of blue berets, but too tall people another problem. A long stay in the air, which is the norm for a paratrooper, is associated with intense atmospheric stress, which affects blood pressure. Tall people are more prone to hypotension (low blood pressure syndrome), which can also leave an imprint on the health of a soldier even after military service.
If the height discrepancy is almost impossible to correct, then the situation is different with weight. You can gain muscle mass, or vice versa, get rid of excess weight for relatively a short time, it is important to take care of yourself in time.
Physical form
A conscript who wishes to serve in the Airborne Forces must meet the requirements for physical training. In the absence of medical and physiological contraindications, the soldier will be asked to pass the following physical standards:
- 20 pushups;
- 20 pull-ups;
- cross 3 km with equipment weighing 15 kg.
This will have to be demonstrated by the recruiting commission, otherwise, the recruit will be denied a request for enrollment in the ranks of the Airborne Forces. It is important to understand that these requirements may not seem so difficult, but in reality they are far from being so. It will not be possible to fulfill these standards without purposeful and lengthy preparation. In addition, in order to achieve such indicators, it is recommended to refrain from the use of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products.
Education
A potential paratrooper must not only meet all the requirements mentioned earlier. Another important factor is education. The overall average will be sufficient. A good advantage would be the absence of triples in the certificate.
Additional factors
There are several factors that can significantly increase a young person's chances of successfully enlisting in the Airborne Forces. These include.
A Soviet airborne unit was created - an airborne assault detachment, in the 11th rifle division. In December, it was deployed to the 3rd Special Purpose Aviation Brigade, which became known as the 201st Airborne Brigade.
The first use of airborne assault in the history of military affairs took place in the spring of 1929. In the city of Garm besieged by the Basmachi, a group of armed Red Army soldiers was landed from the air, which, with the support local residents defeated a gang that invaded the territory of Tajikistan from abroad. . However, the Day of the Airborne Forces in Russia and a number of other countries is August 2, in honor of the parachute landing at the military exercise of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh on August 2, 1930.
The paratroopers also gained experience in real battles. In 1939, the 212th took part in the defeat of the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. airborne brigade. For their courage and heroism, 352 paratroopers were awarded orders and medals. In 1939-1940, during the Soviet-Finnish war, the 201st, 202nd and 214th airborne brigade fought together with rifle units.
Based on the experience gained in 1940, new staffs of brigades were approved as part of three combat groups: parachute, glider and landing.
was sent to the Saratov bomber school. ... However, soon the People's Commissariat of Defense ordered the transfer of the Saratov School to the jurisdiction Airborne.
In the counteroffensive near Moscow, conditions were created for the widespread use Airborne. In the winter, the Vyazemsky airborne operation was carried out with the participation of the 4th airborne corps. In September, an airborne assault consisting of two brigades was used to assist the troops of the Voronezh Front in forcing the Dnieper River. In the Manchurian strategic operation in August 1945, more than 4 thousand people of the personnel of rifle units were landed for landing operations by landing method, who successfully completed the assigned tasks.
In 1956, two airborne divisions took part in the Hungarian events. In 1968, after the capture of two airfields near Prague and Bratislava, the 7th and 103rd Guards Airborne Divisions were landed, which ensured the successful completion of the task by formations and units of the United Armed Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact during the Czechoslovak events.
In the post-war period in Airborne a lot of work was done to increase the firepower and mobility of personnel. Numerous samples of airborne armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D), automotive equipment (TPK, GAZ-66), artillery systems (ACS-57, ASU-85, 2S9 Nona, 107-mm B-11 recoilless rifle) were created. Complex parachute systems were developed for landing all types of weapons - "Centaur", "Reaktaur" and others. The fleet of military transport aviation was also increased, called for the mass transfer of landing formations in the event of large-scale hostilities. Large-body transport aircraft were created capable of parachute landing of military equipment (An-12, An-22, Il-76).
In the USSR, for the first time in the world, airborne troops, which had their own armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery. At large army exercises (like Shield-82 or Druzhba-82), the landing of personnel with standard equipment of no more than two parachute regiments was practiced. The state of the military transport aviation of the USSR Armed Forces at the end of the 80s made it possible to parachute 75% of the personnel and standard military equipment of one airborne division for one total flight.
Organizational structure of the 105th Guards Airborne Division, July 1979.
Organizational structure of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment, 105th Guards Airborne Division as of July 1979.
The entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, which followed the disbandment of the 105th Guards Airborne Division in 1979, showed the profound fallacy of the decision taken by the leadership of the USSR Armed Forces - the airborne formation, specially adapted for combat operations in mountainous desert areas, was ill-considered and hastily disbanded, and 103gv.vdd was eventually sent to Afghanistan, whose personnel had no training for combat operations in such a theater of operations:
“... in 1986 he came Commander of the Airborne Forces General of the Army Sukhorukov D.F., he then said what fools we were when we disbanded the 105th Airborne Division, because it was intended for combat operations in mountainous desert areas. And we had to spend huge amounts of money to deliver the 103rd airborne division to Kabul by air ... "
airborne troops The USSR Armed Forces had 7 airborne divisions and three individual regiment with the following names and locations:
Each of these divisions included: a directorate (headquarters), three parachute regiment, one self-propelled artillery regiment and combat support and logistic support units.
In addition to paratrooper units and formations, in airborne troops there were also air assault units and formations, but they were subordinate to the commander of the troops of military districts (groups of troops), armies or corps. They did not differ in anything, except for tasks, subordination and OShS. Methods of combat use, combat training programs for personnel, weapons and uniforms for military personnel - it was the same as for paratrooper units and formations Airborne(central subordination). Air assault formations were represented by separate air assault brigades (ODSHBR), separate air assault regiments (ODSHP) and separate air assault battalions (ODSHB).
The reason for the creation of air assault units in the late 60s was the revision of tactics in the fight against the enemy in the event of a full-scale war. The stake was placed on the concept of using massive landings in the enemy's near rear, capable of disorganizing the defense. The technical possibility for such a landing was provided by the fleet of transport helicopters in army aviation, which had significantly increased by this time.
By the mid-80s, the USSR Armed Forces included 14 separate brigades, two separate regiments and about 20 separate battalions. The brigades were deployed on the territory of the USSR according to the principle - one brigade per one military district, which has land access to the State Border of the USSR, one brigade in the inner Kiev Military District (23odshbr in Kremenchug, subordinate to the High Command of the southwestern direction) and two brigades for the group Soviet troops abroad (35odshbr in the GSVG in the city of Cottbus and 83odshbr in the SGV in the city of Bialogard). 56gv.odshbr in OKSVA, stationed in the city of Gardez of the Republic of Afghanistan, belonged to the Turkestan Military District, in which it was formed.
Separate air assault regiments subordinated to the commanders of individual army corps.
The difference between parachute and air assault formations Airborne consisted of the following:
In the mid-80s, the following brigades and regiments were part of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces:
- 11odshbr in the Trans-Baikal Military District (Trans-Baikal Territory, the cities of Mogocha and Amazar),
- 13odshbr in the Far Eastern Military District (Amur Region, Magdagachi and Zavitinsk),
- 21odshbr in the Transcaucasian Military District (Georgian SSR, Kutaisi),
- 23odshbr of the South-Western direction (on the territory of the Kyiv Military District), (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
- 35gv.odshbr in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (German Democratic Republic, Cottbus),
- 36odshbr in the Leningrad Military District (Leningrad region, town Garbolovo),
- 37odshbr in the Baltic VO (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk),
- 38gv.odshbr in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Brest),
- 39odshbr in the Carpathian Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Khyriv),
- 40odshbr in the Odessa Military District (Ukrainian SSR, village Bolshaya Korenikha (Nikolaev region),
- 56gv.odshbr in the Turkestan Military District (formed in the city of Chirchik, Uzbek SSR and introduced into Afghanistan),
- 57odshbr in the Central Asian Military District (Kazakh SSR, Aktogay township),
- 58odshbr in the Kiev Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
- 83odshbr in the Northern Group of Forces, (Polish People's Republic, Bialogard),
- 1318odshp in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Polotsk) subordinate to the 5th separate army corps(5oak)
- 1319odshp in the Trans-Baikal Military District (Chita region, Kyakhta) subordinate to the 48th separate army corps (48oak)
These brigades included a command, 3 or 4 air assault battalions, one artillery battalion and combat support units and logistic support. The personnel of the deployed brigades reached 2,500 military personnel. For example headcount personnel 56gv.odshbr on December 1, 1986 amounted to 2452 military personnel (261 officers, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldiers).
The regiments differed from the brigades in the presence of only two battalions: one parachute and one air assault (on BMD), as well as a slightly reduced composition of the units of the regimental set
Participation of the Airborne Forces in the Afghan War
Also, in order to increase the firepower of the landing units, additional artillery and tank units will be introduced into their composition. For example, 345opdp according to the model motorized rifle regiment will be supplemented with an artillery howitzer battalion and a tank company, in the 56th brigade the artillery battalion was deployed up to 5 fire batteries (instead of the prescribed 3 batteries), and the 103rd Guards Airborne Division will be given to reinforce the 62nd separate tank battalion, which was unusual for organizational -regular structure of airborne units on the territory of the USSR.
Officer training for airborne troops
Officers were trained by the following military educational institutions in the following military specialties:
In addition to the graduates of these educational institutions, in Airborne were often appointed to the positions of platoon commanders, graduates of higher combined arms schools(VOKU) and military departments that trained for the commander of a motorized rifle platoon. This was due to the fact that the profile Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, which produced about 300 lieutenants every year on average, was not able to fully meet the needs Airborne(at the end of the 80s they numbered about 60,000 personnel) as platoon commanders. For example, the former commander of 247gv.pdp (7gv.vdd), Hero of the Russian Federation Em Yuri Pavlovichwho began his service in Airborne from platoon commander in 111gv.pdp 105gv.vdd, graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Combined Arms Command School
For a long time, military units and units of the Special Forces (the so-called now army special forces) erroneously and intentionally called paratroopers. This is due to the fact that in Soviet period, as now, there were and are no special forces in the Russian Armed Forces, but there were and are units and units Special Purpose (SpN) GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. The phrases "special forces" or "commandos" were mentioned in the press and in the media only in relation to the troops of a potential enemy ("Green Berets", "Rangers", "Commandos").
Starting with the emergence of these units in the USSR Armed Forces in 1950 until the end of the 80s, the existence of such units and units was completely denied. Up to the point that conscripts learned about their existence only when they were accepted into the personnel of these units and units. Officially, in the Soviet press and on television, units and units of the Special Forces of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces were declared either units Airborne- as in the case of the GSVG (officially there were no special forces units in the GDR), or, as in the case of OKSVA, separate motorized rifle battalions (omsb). For example, the 173rd separate detachment special purpose (173ooSpN), stationed near the city of Kandahar, was called the 3rd separate motorized rifle battalion (3omsb)
In everyday life, servicemen of subdivisions and units of the Special Forces wore full dress and field uniforms adopted in Airborne, although neither in terms of subordination nor in terms of the assigned tasks of reconnaissance and sabotage activities did they belong to Airborne. The only thing that united Airborne and units and units of the Special Forces - this is most of the officers - RVVDKU graduates, airborne training and possible combat use behind enemy lines.
Russian Federation - period after 1991
The average emblem of the Airborne Forces of Russia
In 1991, they were separated into an independent branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
- 7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Division (Novorossiysk)
- 76th Guards Air Assault Division Chernigov Red Banner Division (Pskov)
- 98th Guards Airborne Division (Ivanovo)
- 106th Guards Airborne Division (Tula)
- 242nd training center in Omsk and Ishim
- 31st Separate Guards Air Assault Order of Kutuzov, 2nd Class Brigade (Ulyanovsk)
- 38th Separate Communications Regiment (Bear Lakes)
- 45th Guards Separate Regiment of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces (Kubinka, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Region)
- 11th separate air assault brigade (Ulan-Ude
- 56th Guards Separate Air Assault Brigade (Kamyshin) (As part of the Airborne Forces, but operationally subordinate to the Southern Military District)
- 83rd Separate Air Assault Brigade (Ussuriysk) (As part of the Airborne Forces, but operationally subordinate to the Eastern Military District)
- 100th Guards Separate Air Assault Brigade (Abakan) (As part of the Airborne Forces, but operationally subordinate to the Central Military District)
In other countries
Belarus
Special Operations Forces(belor. Forces of special operations). Command reports directly General Staff armed forces. Commanders: Major General Lucian Surint (2010); from July 2010 - Colonel (from February 2011 Major General) Oleg Belokonev. Includes 38th, 103rd Guards mobile brigades, 5th Special Purpose Brigade, etc.
Kazakhstan
Patch of the Airmobile Troops of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Great Britain
British paratroopers 1pb ,1(British) vdd are fighting. Holland. September 17, 1944
British airborne troops, the main airborne component is 16th Air Assault Brigade(English) 16th Air Assault Brigade). The brigade was created on September 1, 1999 by merging components of the disbanded 5th Airborne (eng. 5th Airborne Brigade) and the 24th Aeromobile (Eng. 24th Air Mobile Brigade) brigades. The headquarters and units of the brigade are stationed in the city of Colchester, Essex. The 16th Air Assault Brigade is part of the 5th Division of the British Army.
Germany
Airborne troops of the Wehrmacht
Badge of a paratrooper of the Wehrmacht airborne forces, Germany
Airborne forces of the Wehrmacht(German Fallschirmjager, from Fallschirm- "parachute" and Jager- "hunter, huntsman") - the German airborne forces of the Wehrmacht operational-tactical deployment in the enemy rear. Being a select branch of the troops, only the best of the best German soldiers were recruited into them. The formation of units began in 1936, after which during the Second World War, from 1940 to 1941, they were used in major airborne operations in Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands and Greece. In subsequent years, there were even larger-scale operations with their participation, but mostly only as regular infantry formations, to support the main forces. From the allies, they received the nickname "Green Devils". Throughout World War II, the permanent commander of the Fallschirmjäger was their founder Colonel-General Kurt Student.
Israel
The brigade was formed in 1954-1956 by the merger of several special forces units.
The Tsankhanim brigade belongs to the Central District and is part of the 98th Reserve Airborne Division, staffed by reservists who have completed active service in the brigade.
USA
Chevron 1 Allied ACA, 1944
Notes
- Guderian G. Attention, tanks! The history of the creation of tank troops. - M.: Tsentropoligraf, 2005.
- Field charter of the Red Army (PU-39), 1939.
- The development of the strike power of air assault formations will occur by equipping transport and combat aircraft, Military Review website.
- Military encyclopedic Dictionary, Moscow, Military publishing house, 1984, 863 pages with illustrations, 30 sheets
- Highly mobile landing troops, Kommersant-Ukraine, have been created in the Ukrainian army.
- English word"commandos" was used to refer to members of the special airborne units, the airborne units themselves, and the entire S.S. ("Special Service", abbreviated "S.S.") as a whole.
- Airborne in TSB.
- The first parachute formations
- Khukhrikov Yuri Mikhailovich, A. Drabkin, I fought on the IL-2 - M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2005.
- Unknown division. 105th Guards Airborne Red Banner Division (mountain and desert). - Desantura.ru - about landing without borders
- This year marks forty-five years of 242 Airborne Training Center
- Structure of the Airborne Forces - Bratishka Magazine
- The combat charter of the airborne troops, put into effect by order of the commander of the airborne troops No. 40, dated July 20, 1983
- The displacement is called the vector connecting the start and end points of the trajectory The vector connecting the beginning and end of the path is called
- Trajectory, path length, displacement vector Vector connecting the initial position
- Calculating the area of a polygon from the coordinates of its vertices The area of a triangle from the coordinates of the vertices formula
- Acceptable Value Range (ODZ), theory, examples, solutions