Divisions of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation. The structure of the Russian airborne forces
The Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation is a separate branch of the Russian armed forces, located in the reserve of the Commander-in-Chief of the country and directly subordinate to the Commander of the Airborne Forces. At the moment, this position is held (since October 2016) by Colonel General Serdyukov.
The purpose of the airborne troops is operations behind enemy lines, carrying out deep raids, capturing important enemy facilities, bridgeheads, disrupting enemy communications and enemy control, conducting sabotage in his rear. The Airborne Forces were created primarily as an effective tool for offensive warfare. To cover the enemy and operate in his rear, the Airborne Forces can use landing - both parachute and landing.
The airborne troops are rightfully considered the elite of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, in order to get into this branch of the troops, candidates must meet very high criteria. First of all, it concerns physical health and psychological stability. And this is natural: the paratroopers carry out their tasks behind enemy lines, without the support of their main forces, the supply of ammunition and the evacuation of the wounded.
The Soviet Airborne Forces were created in the 30s, further development This type of troops was swift: by the beginning of the war, five airborne corps were deployed in the USSR, with a strength of 10 thousand people each. USSR Airborne Forces played important role in the victory over the Nazi invaders. The paratroopers actively participated in Afghan war. The Russian airborne troops were officially created on May 12, 1992, they went through both Chechen campaigns, participated in the war with Georgia in 2008.
The flag of the Airborne Forces is a blue panel with a green stripe at the bottom. In its center is an image of an open golden parachute and two planes of the same color. The flag was officially approved in 2004.
In addition to the flag, there is also the emblem of this type of troops. This is a flaming golden-colored grenada with two wings. There is also a medium and large airborne emblem. The middle emblem depicts a double-headed eagle with a crown on its head and a shield with George the Victorious in the center. In one paw, the eagle holds a sword, and in the other, a flaming grenada of the Airborne Forces. On the large emblem, grenada is placed on a blue heraldic shield framed by an oak wreath. In its upper part is a double-headed eagle.
In addition to the emblem and flag of the Airborne Forces, there is also the motto of the Airborne Forces: "No one but us." The paratroopers even have their own heavenly patron - Saint Elijah.
The professional holiday of the paratroopers is the Day of the Airborne Forces. It is celebrated on August 2nd. On this day in 1930, the first parachute landing of a unit was made to perform a combat mission. On August 2, Airborne Forces Day is celebrated not only in Russia, but also in Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.
The airborne troops of Russia are armed with both conventional types of military equipment and models developed specifically for this type of troops, taking into account the specifics of its tasks.
It is difficult to name the exact number of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation, this information is secret. However, according to unofficial data obtained from the Russian Ministry of Defense, it is about 45 thousand fighters. Foreign estimates of the number of this type of troops are somewhat more modest - 36 thousand people.
The history of the creation of the Airborne Forces
The birthplace of the Airborne Forces is the Soviet Union. It was in the USSR that the first airborne unit was created, this happened in 1930. First, a small detachment appeared, which was part of an ordinary rifle division. On August 2, the first parachute landing was successfully carried out during exercises at the training ground near Voronezh.
However, the first use of paratroopers in military affairs occurred even earlier, in 1929. During the siege of the Tajik city of Garm by anti-Soviet rebels, a detachment of Red Army soldiers was parachuted there, which made it possible to unblock the settlement as soon as possible.
Two years later, a special purpose brigade was formed on the basis of the detachment, and in 1938 it was renamed the 201st Airborne Brigade. In 1932, by decision of the Revolutionary Military Council, special-purpose aviation battalions were created, in 1933 their number reached 29 units. They were part of the Air Force, and their main task was to disorganize the rear of the enemy and carry out sabotage.
It should be noted that the development of the landing troops in the Soviet Union was very rapid and rapid. No expense was spared on them. In the 30s, the country experienced a real parachute boom, skydiving towers were in almost every stadium.
During the exercises of the Kyiv military district in 1935, a mass parachute landing was practiced for the first time. The following year, an even more massive landing was carried out in the Belarusian military district. Foreign military observers invited to the exercises were amazed at the scale of the landings and the skill of the Soviet paratroopers.
Before the start of the war, airborne corps were created in the USSR, each of them included up to 10 thousand fighters. In April 1941, by order of the Soviet military leadership, five airborne corps were deployed in the western regions of the country; after the German attack (in August 1941), the formation of five more airborne corps began. A few days before the German invasion (June 12), the Directorate of the Airborne Forces was created, and in September 1941, the paratrooper units were withdrawn from the command of the fronts. Each corps of the Airborne Forces was a very formidable force: in addition to well-trained personnel, it was armed with artillery and light amphibious tanks.
In addition to the landing corps, the Red Army also included mobile landing brigades(five units), spare regiments of the Airborne Forces (five pieces) and educational institutions that trained paratroopers.
The Airborne Forces made a significant contribution to the victory over the Nazi invaders. The airborne units played a particularly important role in the initial - the most difficult - period of the war. Despite the fact that the airborne troops are intended for offensive operations and have a minimum of heavy weapons (compared to other branches of the military), at the beginning of the war, paratroopers were often used to “patch holes”: in defense, to eliminate sudden German breakthroughs, to release of the encircled Soviet troops. Because of this practice, the paratroopers suffered unreasonably high losses, and the effectiveness of their use decreased. Often, the preparation of landing operations left much to be desired.
Airborne units took part in the defense of Moscow, as well as in the subsequent counteroffensive. The 4th Corps of the Airborne Forces was parachuted in the winter of 1942 during the Vyazemsky landing operation. In 1943, during the crossing of the Dnieper, two airborne brigades. Another major landing operation was carried out in Manchuria in August 1945. In its course, 4,000 fighters were parachuted by landing.
In October 1944, the Soviet Airborne Forces were transformed into a separate guards airborne army, and in December of the same year - to the 9th Guards Army. Airborne divisions have become ordinary rifle divisions. At the end of the war, the paratroopers took part in the liberation of Budapest, Prague, and Vienna. 9th guards army finished her glorious military career on the Elbe.
In 1946, the landing units were introduced into the Ground Forces and were subordinate to the country's Minister of Defense.
In 1956, Soviet paratroopers participated in the suppression of the Hungarian uprising, and in the mid-60s they played key role in pacifying another country that wanted to leave the socialist camp - Czechoslovakia.
After the end of the war, the world entered the era of confrontation between the two superpowers - the USSR and the USA. The plans of the Soviet leadership were by no means limited only to defense, so the airborne troops developed especially actively during this period. Emphasis was placed on increasing the firepower of the Airborne Forces. For this, a whole range of airborne equipment was developed, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, automobile transport. The fleet of military transport aircraft was significantly increased. In the 1970s, large-capacity wide-body transport aircraft were created, which made it possible to transport not only personnel, but also heavy military equipment. By the end of the 80s, the state of the military transport aviation of the USSR was such that it could ensure the parachute drop of almost 75% of the personnel of the Airborne Forces in one sortie.
At the end of the 60s, a new type of units that were part of the Airborne Forces was created - airborne assault units (DShCh). They were not much different from the rest of the Airborne Forces, but they were subordinate to the command of groups of troops, armies or corps. The reason for the creation of the DShCh was a change in the tactical plans prepared by Soviet strategists in the event of a full-scale war. After the start of the conflict, it was planned to “break” the enemy defenses with the help of massive landings landed in the immediate rear of the enemy.
In the mid-1980s, the USSR Ground Forces included 14 air assault brigades, 20 battalions and 22 separate air assault regiments.
In 1979, the war in Afghanistan began, and the Soviet Airborne Forces took an active part in it. During this conflict, the paratroopers had to engage in counter-guerrilla struggle, of course, there was no talk of any parachute landing. The delivery of personnel to the place of combat operations took place with the help of armored vehicles or vehicles, landing by landing method from helicopters was less often used.
The paratroopers were often used to guard the numerous outposts and roadblocks scattered throughout the country. Typically, airborne units performed missions more suited to motorized rifle units.
It should be noted that in Afghanistan, the paratroopers used military equipment of the ground forces, which was more suitable for the harsh conditions of this country than their own. Also, parts of the Airborne Forces in Afghanistan were reinforced with additional artillery and tank units.
After the collapse of the USSR, the division of its armed forces began. These processes also affected the paratroopers. They were able to finally divide the Airborne Forces only by 1992, after which the Russian Airborne Forces were created. They included all units that were located on the territory of the RSFSR, as well as part of the divisions and brigades that were previously located in other republics of the USSR.
In 1993, the Russian Airborne Forces included six divisions, six air assault brigades and two regiments. In 1994, in Kubinka near Moscow, on the basis of two battalions, the 45th regiment was created. special purpose Airborne Forces (the so-called special forces of the Airborne Forces).
The 1990s became a serious test for the Russian landing troops (as well as for the entire army, by the way). The number of the Airborne Forces was seriously reduced, some of the units were disbanded, the paratroopers became subordinate to the Ground Forces. Army aviation was transferred to the Air Force, which significantly worsened the mobility of the Airborne Forces.
The airborne troops of the Russian Federation took part in both Chechen campaigns, in 2008 the paratroopers were involved in Ossetian conflict. The Airborne Forces have repeatedly taken part in peacekeeping operations (for example, in the former Yugoslavia). Airborne units regularly participate in international exercises, they guard Russian military bases abroad (Kyrgyzstan).
The structure and composition of the airborne troops of the Russian Federation
Currently, the Russian Airborne Forces consist of command and control structures, combat units and units, as well as various institutions that provide them.
Structurally, the Airborne Forces have three main components:
- Airborne. It includes all airborne units.
- Air assault. Consists of air assault units.
- Mountain. It includes air assault units designed to operate in mountainous areas.
At the moment, the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation include four divisions, as well as separate brigades and regiments. Airborne troops, composition:
- 76th Guards Air Assault Division, stationed in Pskov.
- 98th Guards airborne division, located in Ivanovo.
- 7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Division, stationed in Novorossiysk.
- 106th Guards Airborne Division - Tula.
Regiments and brigades of the Airborne Forces:
- 11th Separate Guards Airborne Brigade, stationed in the city of Ulan-Ude.
- 45th Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade (Moscow).
- 56th separate guards air assault brigade. Place of deployment - the city of Kamyshin.
- 31st Separate Guards Air Assault Brigade. Based in Ulyanovsk.
- 83rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade. Location - Ussuriysk.
- 38th separate guards regiment airborne communications. Located in the Moscow region, in the village of Medvezhye Ozera.
In 2013, the creation of the 345th Airborne Assault Brigade in Voronezh was officially announced, but then the formation of the unit was postponed to a later date (2017 or 2019). There is information that in 2019 an airborne assault battalion will be deployed on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, and in the future, a regiment of the 7th airborne assault division, which is currently deployed in Novorossiysk, will be formed on its basis.
In addition to combat units, the Russian Airborne Forces also include educational institutions that train personnel for the Airborne Forces. The main of them and the most famous is the Ryazan Higher Airborne command school, which also trains officers for the Russian Airborne Forces. Also, the structure of this type of troops includes two Suvorov School(in Tula and Ulyanovsk), Omsk cadet corps and 242nd Training Center located in Omsk.
Armament and equipment of the Russian Airborne Forces
The airborne troops of the Russian Federation use both combined arms equipment and samples that were created specifically for this type of troops. Most types of weapons and military equipment of the Airborne Forces were developed and manufactured back in the Soviet period, but there are also more modern models created in modern times.
The most popular models of airborne armored vehicles at present are the airborne combat vehicles BMD-1 (about 100 units) and BMD-2M (about 1 thousand units). Both of these vehicles were produced back in the Soviet Union (BMD-1 in 1968, BMD-2 in 1985). They can be used for landing both by landing and by parachute. These are reliable vehicles that have been tested in many armed conflicts, but they are clearly outdated, both morally and physically. This is openly stated even by representatives of the top leadership of the Russian army, which was put into service in 2004. However, its production is slow, today there are 30 BMP-4s and 12 BMP-4Ms in service.
Also, the airborne units are armed with a small number of BTR-82A and BTR-82AM armored personnel carriers (12 units), as well as the Soviet BTR-80. The most numerous armored personnel carrier currently used by the Russian Airborne Forces is the tracked BTR-D (more than 700 pieces). It was put into service in 1974 and is very outdated. It should be replaced by the BTR-MDM "Shell", but so far its production is moving very slowly: today in combat units there are from 12 to 30 (according to various sources) "Shells".
The anti-tank weapons of the Airborne Forces are represented by the 2S25 Sprut-SD self-propelled anti-tank gun (36 units), BTR-RD Robot self-propelled anti-tank systems (more than 100 units) and a wide range of different anti-tank systems: Metis, Fagot, Konkurs and "Cornet".
The Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation are also armed with self-propelled and towed artillery: Nona self-propelled guns (250 pieces and several hundred more units in storage), D-30 howitzer (150 units), and Nona-M1 mortars (50 units) and "Tray" (150 units).
Anti-aircraft airborne defense consist of man-portable missile systems (various modifications of "Needles" and "Verba"), as well as short-range air defense systems "Strela". Special attention should be paid to the newest Russian MANPADS "Verba", which was only recently put into service and now it has been put into trial operation in only a few units of the RF Armed Forces, including the 98th Airborne Division.
The Airborne Forces also operate self-propelled anti-aircraft guns BTR-ZD "Skrezhet" (150 units) of Soviet production and towed anti-aircraft guns ZU-23-2.
AT last years The Airborne Forces began to receive new models of automotive equipment, of which the Tiger armored car, the A-1 Snowmobile all-terrain vehicle and the KAMAZ-43501 truck should be noted.
The airborne troops are sufficiently equipped with communication, control and electronic warfare systems. Among them, modern Russian developments should be noted: electronic warfare systems "Leer-2" and "Leer-3", "Infauna", the control system for air defense systems "Barnaul", automated control systems for troops "Andromeda-D" and "Flight-K".
The Airborne Forces are armed with a wide range of small arms, among which there are both Soviet samples and newer Russian developments. The latter include the Yarygin pistol, the PMM, and the PSS silent pistol. The main personal weapon of the fighters remains the Soviet AK-74 assault rifle, but deliveries of the more advanced AK-74M to the troops have already begun. To carry out sabotage missions, paratroopers can use the Russian-made Val Orlan-10 silent assault rifle. The exact number of Orlans in service with the Airborne Forces is unknown.
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A branch of the Armed Forces, which is a reserve of the Supreme High Command and is specially designed to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in his rear to disrupt command and control, capture and destroy ground elements of high-precision weapons, disrupt the advancement and deployment of reserves, disrupt the rear and communications, as well as covering (defending) certain areas, areas, open flanks, blocking and destroying airborne assault forces, enemy groupings that have broken through, and performing many other tasks.
In peacetime, the Airborne Forces perform the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at a level that ensures their successful use as intended.
In the Russian Armed Forces they are a separate branch of the military.
Also, the Airborne Forces are often used as rapid reaction forces.
The main method of delivery of the Airborne Forces is parachute landing, they can also be delivered by helicopter; during World War II, glider delivery was practiced.
Airborne Forces of the USSR
pre-war period
At the end of 1930, near Voronezh, in the 11th Infantry Division, a Soviet airborne unit was created - an airborne assault detachment. In December 1932, he was deployed to the 3rd Special Purpose Aviation Brigade (OsNaz), which since 1938 became known as the 201st Airborne Brigade.
The very first use of airborne assault in the history of military affairs took place in the spring of 1929. In the city of Garm besieged by the Basmachi, a group of armed Red Army soldiers was landed from the air, and with the support local residents completely defeated the gang that invaded the territory of Tajikistan from abroad. But still Happy Airborne Forces in Russia and a number of other countries it is customary to consider August 2, in honor of the parachute landing at the military exercise of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh on August 2, 1930.
in 1931, on the basis of an order dated March 18, a non-standard, experienced aviation motorized landing detachment (airborne landing detachment) was formed in the Leningrad Military District. It was intended to study the issues of operational-tactical use and the most advantageous organizational forms of airborne landing (airborne) units, units and formations. The detachment consisted of 164 personnel and consisted of:
One rifle company;
-individual platoons: sapper, communications and light vehicles;
- heavy bomber aviation squadron (air squadron) (12 aircraft - TB-1);
- one corps aviation detachment (air detachment) (10 aircraft - R-5).
The detachment was armed with:
Two 76-mm Kurchevsky dynamo-reactive cannons (DRP);
-two wedges - T-27;
-4 grenade launchers;
-3 light armored vehicles (armored vehicles);
-14 light and 4 heavy machine guns;
-10 trucks and 16 cars;
-4 motorcycles and one scooter
E. D. Lukin was appointed commander of the detachment. Subsequently, a non-standard paratrooper detachment was formed in the same air brigade.
In 1932, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR issued a decree on the deployment of detachments into special aviation battalions (bOSNAZ). By the end of 1933, there were already 29 airborne battalions and brigades that were part of the Air Force. The LenVO (Leningrad Military District) was entrusted with the task of training airborne instructors and developing operational and tactical standards.
By the standards of that time, the airborne units were an effective means of disorganizing the control and rear of the enemy. They were to be used where other branches of the armed forces (infantry, artillery, cavalry, armored forces) could not solve this problem at the moment, and were also intended to be used by the high command in cooperation with troops advancing from the front, airborne assaults were supposed to help encirclement and defeat of the enemy in this direction.
Staff No. 015/890 of 1936 of the "Airborne Brigade" (Adbr) of wartime and peacetime. Name of units, number of wartime personnel (number of peacetime personnel in parentheses):
Management, 49(50);
- communications company, 56 (46);
-musician platoon, 11 (11);
-3 airborne battalions, each, 521 (381);
- school of junior officers, 0 (115);
-services, 144 (135);
Total: in the brigade, 1823 (1500); Personnel:
Command staff, 107 (118);
- Commanding staff, 69 (60);
- Junior command and command staff, 330 (264);
- Privates, 1317 (1058);
-Total: 1823 (1500);
Material part:
45 mm anti-tank gun, 18 (19);
-Light machine guns, 90 (69);
-Radio stations, 20 (20);
-Automatic carbines, 1286 (1005);
-Light mortars, 27 (20);
-Cars, 6 (6);
- Trucks, 63 (51);
-Special vehicles, 14 (14);
- Cars "Pickup", 9 (8);
-Motorcycles, 31 (31);
- Tractors ChTZ, 2 (2);
- Tractor trailers, 4 (4);
In the prewar years, a lot of forces and funds were allocated for the development of airborne troops, the development of the theory of their combat use, as well as practical training. In 1934, 600 paratroopers were involved in the exercises of the Red Army. In 1935, during the maneuvers of the Kyiv Military District, 1,188 paratroopers were parachuted and a landing force consisting of 2,500 people landed along with military equipment.
In 1936, 3,000 paratroopers were parachuted into the Belarusian Military District, 8,200 people with artillery and other military equipment were landed by landing method. The invited foreign military delegations present at these exercises were amazed by the size of the landings and the skill of landing.
"31. Airborne units, as a new type of airborne infantry, are a means of disorganizing the enemy's command and rear. They are used by the high command.
In cooperation with the troops advancing from the front, the air infantry helps encircle and defeat the enemy in a given direction.
The use of air infantry must be strictly in accordance with the conditions of the situation and requires reliable provision and observance of measures of secrecy and surprise.
- Chapter two "Organization of the troops of the Red Army" 1. Types of troops and their combat use, Field Charter of the Red Army (PU-39)
The paratroopers gained experience in real battles. In 1939, the 212th Airborne Brigade took part in the defeat of the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. For their courage and heroism, 352 paratroopers were awarded orders and medals. In 1939-1940, during the Soviet-Finnish war, the 201st, 202nd and 214th airborne brigades fought together with rifle units.
Based on the experience gained in 1940, new staffs of brigades were approved as part of three combat groups: parachute, glider and landing.
In preparation for the operation to annex Bessarabia to the USSR, occupied by Romania, as well as Northern Bukovina, the command of the Red Army enlisted the 201st, 204th and 214th airborne brigades in the Southern Front. During the operation, combat missions were received by the 204th and 201st adbrs and landings were thrown into the area of Bolgrad and the city of Izmail, and after the closure of the state border to organize Soviet governments in settlements.
The Great Patriotic War
By the beginning of 1941, on the basis of the existing airborne brigades, airborne corps were deployed, numbering more than 10 thousand people each.
On September 4, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar, the Office of the Airborne Forces was transformed into the Office of the Commander of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army, and the formations and units of the Airborne Forces were removed from the command of the commanders of the active fronts and transferred to the direct subordination of the Commander of the Airborne Forces. In accordance with this order, ten airborne corps, five maneuverable airborne brigades, five reserve airborne regiments and airborne school(Kuibyshev). At the beginning of the Great Patriotic airborne war were an independent branch of forces (troops) of the Red Army Air Force.
In the counteroffensive near Moscow, conditions appeared for a wide use of the Airborne Forces. In the winter of 1942, the Vyazemsky airborne operation was carried out with the participation of the 4th airborne corps. In September 1943, an airborne assault consisting of two brigades was used to help the troops of the Voronezh Front in forcing the Dnieper River. In the Manchurian strategic operation in August 1945, more than 4 thousand people of the personnel of rifle units were landed for landing operations by landing method, who quite successfully completed their tasks.
In October 1944, the Airborne Forces were transformed into a separate Guards Airborne Army, which became part of the long-range aviation. In December 1944, this army was, on the basis of the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command of December 18, 1944, transformed into the 9th Guards Army, on the basis of the command of the 7th Army and formations of a separate guards airborne army with direct subordination to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. Airborne divisions were reorganized into infantry divisions.
At the same time, the Airborne Forces Directorate was created with direct subordination to the Air Force Commander. AT composition of the Airborne Forces three airborne brigades, a training airborne regiment, advanced training courses for officers and an aeronautical battalion remained. At the end of the winter of 1945, the 9th Guards Army, consisting of the 37th, 38th, 39th Guards rifle corps was concentrated in Hungary southeast of Budapest; February 27, she became part of the 2nd Ukrainian front, March 9 was reassigned to the 3rd Ukrainian Front. In March - April 1945, the army took part in the Vienna strategic operation (March 16 - April 15), advancing in the direction of the front's main attack. In early May 1945, the army, as part of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, took part in the Prague operation (May 6-11). The 9th Guards Army ended its combat path with an exit to the Elbe. The army was disbanded on May 11, 1945. The army commander was Colonel General Glagolev VV (December 1944 - until the end of the war). On June 10, 1945, in accordance with the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command of May 29, 1945, the Central Group of Forces was formed, which included the 9th Guards Army. Later it was withdrawn to the Moscow District, where in 1946 its department was transformed into the Directorate of the Airborne Forces, and all its formations again became guards airborne - the 37th, 38th, 39th corps and 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 , 105, 106, 107, 114 airborne division (airborne division).
post-war period
Since 1946, they were transferred to the ground forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR, were directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense of the USSR, being the reserve of the Supreme Commander.
In 1956, two airborne divisions took part in the Hungarian events. In 1968, after the capture of two airfields near Prague and Bratislava, the 7th and 103rd Guards Airborne Divisions were landed, which ensured the successful completion of the task by formations and units of the United Armed Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact during the Czechoslovak events.
In the post-war period, a lot of work was done in the Airborne Forces to increase the firepower and mobility of personnel. Numerous samples of airborne armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D), automotive equipment (TPK, GAZ-66), artillery systems (ASU-57, ASU-85, 2S9 Nona, 107-mm B-11 recoilless rifle) were made. Complex parachute systems were created for landing all types of weapons - "Centaur", "Reaktaur" and others. The fleet of military transport aviation, called for the mass transfer of landing formations in the event of large-scale hostilities, was also greatly increased. Large-body transport aircraft were made capable of parachute landing of military equipment (An-12, An-22, Il-76).
In the USSR, for the first time in the world, airborne troops were created, which had their own armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery. At large army exercises (like Shield-82 or Druzhba-82), personnel were landed with standard equipment numbering no more than two parachute regiments. The state of the military transport aviation of the USSR Armed Forces at the end of the 1980s allowed 75% of the personnel and standard military equipment of one airborne division to be dropped by parachute in just one general sortie.
By the fall of 1979, the 105th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division was disbanded, specially designed for combat operations in mountainous desert areas. Parts of the 105th Guards Airborne Division were deployed in the cities of Ferghana, Namangan and Chirchik of the Uzbek SSR and in the city of Osh of the Kirghiz SSR. As a result of the disbandment of the 105th Guards Airborne Division, the 4th separate airborne assault brigades (35th Guards, 38th Guards and 56th Guards), 40th (without the status of "Guards") and 345th Guards Separate Parachute Regiment.
The entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, which followed the disbandment of the 105th Guards Airborne Division in 1979, showed the profound fallacy of the decision taken by the leadership of the USSR Armed Forces - an airborne formation specially adapted for combat operations in a mountainous desert area was thoughtlessly and rather hastily was disbanded, and the 103rd Guards Airborne Division was eventually sent to Afghanistan, the personnel of which had no training at all for combat operations in such a theater of operations:
105th Guards Airborne Vienna Red Banner Division (mountain and desert).:
“... in 1986 the Commander arrived Airborne General Army Sukhorukov D.F., he then said what fools we were, having disbanded the 105th airborne division, because it was specially designed for combat operations in mountainous desert areas. And we had to spend huge amounts of money to deliver the 103rd airborne division to Kabul by air ... "
By the mid-80s, the airborne troops of the USSR Armed Forces included 7 airborne divisions and three separate regiments with the following names and locations:
7th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division. Based in Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR, Baltic Military District.
-76th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree Chernihiv Airborne Division. It was stationed in Pskov, RSFSR, Leningrad Military District.
-98th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree Svir airborne division. It was based in the city of Bolgrad, Ukrainian SSR, KOdVO and in the city of Chisinau, Moldavian SSR, KOdVO.
-103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Lenin Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division named after the 60th anniversary of the USSR. It was stationed in the city of Kabul (Afghanistan) as part of OKSVA. Until December 1979 and after February 1989, it was stationed in the city of Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR, Belorussian Military District.
-104th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division, specially designed for combat operations in mountainous areas. It was stationed in the city of Kirovabad of the Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian Military District.
-106th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division. It was stationed in the city of Tula and in the city of Ryazan of the RSFSR, Moscow Military District.
-44th Training Red Banner Order of Suvorov II degree and Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree Ovruch airborne division. Located in the village Gayzhyunay of the Lithuanian SSR, Baltic VO.
-345th Guards Vienna Red Banner Order of Suvorov III degree Airborne Regiment named after the 70th anniversary of the Lenin Komsomol. It was located in the city of Bagram (Afghanistan) as part of OKSVA. Until December 1979, it was based in the city of Fergana, Uzbek SSR, after February 1989 - in Kirovabad, Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian Military District.
-387th training separate parachute regiment (387th oopdp). Until 1982, he was part of the 104th Guards Airborne Division. In the period from 1982 to 1988, young recruits were trained in the 387th opdp to be sent to the airborne and airborne assault units as part of the OKSVA. In the cinema, in the film "9th Company" under educational part the 387th oopdp is meant. Based in the city of Fergana, Uzbek SSR, Turkestan Military District.
-196th Separate Communications Regiment of the Airborne Troops. Settled in the village Bear Lakes, Moscow Region, RSFSR.
Each of these divisions included: a directorate (headquarters), three parachute regiment, one self-propelled artillery regiment and combat support and logistics units.
In addition to parachute units and formations, the airborne troops also had air assault units and formations, but they were directly subordinate to the commanders of military districts (groups of forces), armies or corps. They practically did not differ in anything, except for tasks, subordination and OShS (organizational staff structure). Methods of combat use, combat training programs for personnel, weapons and uniforms for military personnel were the same as for paratrooper units and formations of the Airborne Forces (central subordination). Air assault formations were represented by separate air assault brigades (ODSHBR), separate air assault regiments (ODSHP) and separate air assault battalions (ODSHB).
The reason for the creation of air assault units in the late 60s was the revision of tactics in the fight against the enemy in the event of a full-scale war. The stake was placed on the concept of using massive landings in the near rear of the enemy, capable of disorganizing the defense. The technical possibility for such a landing was provided by the fleet of transport helicopters in army aviation, which had significantly increased by this time.
By the mid-80s, the USSR Armed Forces included 14 separate brigades, two separate regiments and about 20 separate battalions. The brigades were based on the territory of the USSR according to the principle - one brigade per one military district, which has land access to the State border of the USSR, one brigade in the inner Kiev Military District (23rd brigade in Kremenchug, subordinate to the High Command of the southwestern direction) and two brigades for the group Soviet troops abroad (35gv.odshbr in the GSVG in the city of Cottbus and 83odshbr in the SGV in the city of Bialogard). 56ogdshbr in OKSVA, located in the city of Gardez of the Republic of Afghanistan, belonged to the Turkestan Military District, in which it was created.
Separate air assault regiments subordinated to the commanders of individual army corps.
The difference between parachute and air assault formations of the Airborne Forces was as follows:
In the presence of standard airborne armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D, self-propelled guns "Nona", etc.). In the airborne assault units, only a quarter of all units were equipped with it - in contrast to 100% of its staffing in the paratrooper units.
-In the subordination of the troops. Airborne assault units, operationally, were directly subordinate to the command of military districts (groups of troops), armies, and corps. The parachute units were subordinate only to the command of the Airborne Forces, whose headquarters was in Moscow.
- In assigned tasks. It was assumed that the air assault units, in the event of the start of large-scale hostilities, would be used to land in the near rear of the enemy, mainly by landing from helicopters. Parachute units were supposed to be used in a deeper rear of the enemy with a parachute landing from VTA aircraft (military transport aviation). At the same time, airborne training with planned training parachute landings of personnel and military equipment was mandatory for both types of airborne forces.
-Unlike the guards airborne units of the Airborne Forces deployed along full staff, some air assault brigades were cadre (incomplete) and were not guards. The exception was three brigades that received the names of the Guards, created on the basis of the Guards parachute regiments, disbanded in 1979 by the 105th Vienna Red Banner Guards Airborne Division - the 35th, 38th and 56th. The 40th air assault brigade, created on the basis of the 612th separate airborne support battalion and the 100th separate reconnaissance company of the same division, did not receive the status of "guards".
In the mid-80s, the following brigades and regiments were part of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces:
11th separate airborne assault brigade in the Trans-Baikal Military District (Chita region, Mogocha and Amazar),
-13th separate airborne assault brigade in the Far Eastern Military District (Amur Region, Magdagachi and Zavitinsk),
-21st separate airborne assault brigade in the Transcaucasian Military District (Georgian SSR, Kutaisi),
-23rd separate air assault brigade of the South-Western direction (on the territory of the Kyiv Military District), (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
-35th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Brigade in the Group Soviet troops in Germany (German Democratic Republic, Cottbus),
-36th separate airborne assault brigade in the Leningrad Military District ( Leningrad region, village Garbolovo),
-37th separate airborne assault brigade in the Baltic Military District (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk),
-38th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Brigade in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Brest),
-39th separate airborne assault brigade in the Carpathian Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Khyriv),
-40th separate airborne assault brigade in the Odessa Military District (Ukrainian SSR, village Bolshaya Korenikha, Nikolaev region),
-56th Guards Separate Air Assault Brigade in the Turkestan Military District (created in the city of Chirchik, Uzbek SSR and introduced into Afghanistan),
-57th separate airborne assault brigade in the Central Asian Military District (Kazakh SSR, Aktogay township),
-58th separate airborne assault brigade in the Kiev Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug),
-83rd separate airborne assault brigade in North Group Troops, (Polish People's Republic, Bialogard),
-1318th separate airborne assault regiment in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Polotsk) subordinate to the 5th separate army corps (5oak)
-1319th separate airborne assault regiment in the Trans-Baikal Military District (Buryat ASSR, Kyakhta) subordinate to the 48th separate army corps (48oak)
These brigades had in their composition management, 3 or 4 air assault battalions, one artillery battalion and combat support and logistics support units. The personnel of fully deployed brigades ranged from 2,500 to 3,000 troops.
For example headcount personnel 56ogdshbr on December 1, 1986 was 2452 military personnel (261 officers, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldiers).
The regiments differed from the brigades in the presence of only two battalions: one paratrooper and one air assault (on the BMD), as well as a slightly reduced composition of the regimental units.
Participation of the Airborne Forces in the Afghan War
In the Afghan war, from the airborne and airborne assault formations of the USSR Armed Forces, one airborne division (103 guards airborne division), one separate airborne assault brigade (56gdshbr), one separate airborne regiment (345gv.opdp) and two air assault battalions as part of separate motorized rifle brigades(in 66th brigade and in 70th brigade). In total, for 1987, these were 18 "linear" battalions (13 parachute and 5 air assault), which amounted to a fifth of total number all the "line" OKSVA battalions (which included another 18 tank and 43 motorized rifle battalions).
In virtually the entire history of the Afghan war, not a single situation has arisen that would justify the use of parachute landing for the transfer of personnel. The main reasons for this were the complexity mountainous relief, as well as the unjustified material costs in the use of such methods in counter guerrilla war. The delivery of the personnel of the parachute and airborne assault units to the mountainous areas of hostilities, impassable for armored vehicles, was carried out only by the landing method using helicopters. Therefore, the division of the line battalions of the Airborne Forces in OKSVA into air assault and parachute assault should be considered conditional. Both types of battalions operated in the same way.
As in all motorized rifle, tank and artillery units as part of the OKSVA, up to half of all units of the airborne and airborne assault formations were assigned to guard outposts, which made it possible to control roads, mountain passes and the vast territory of the country, significantly restricting the the very actions of the enemy. For example, battalions of the 350th Guards RAP were often based in various parts of Afghanistan (in Kunar, Girishka, Surubi), controlling the situation in these areas. The 2nd Airborne Battalion from the 345th Guards Opdp was distributed to 20 outposts in the Panjshir Gorge near the village of Anava. With this, the 2pdb 345opdp (together with the 682nd motorized rifle regiment of the 108th motorized rifle division stationed in the village of Rukha) completely blocked the western exit from the gorge, which was the main transport artery of the enemy from Pakistan to the strategically important Charikar Valley.
The most massive combat airborne operation in the USSR Armed Forces, in the period after the Great Patriotic War, must be considered the 5th Panjshir Operation in May-June 1982, during which the first mass landing of the 103rd Guards Airborne Forces in Afghanistan was carried out: only during the first three days, more than 4 thousand people were parachuted from helicopters. In total, about 12 thousand military personnel of various branches of the armed forces participated in this operation. The operation took place simultaneously for all 120 km deep into the gorge. As a result of the operation most of Panjshir Gorge was taken under control.
In the period from 1982 to 1986, in all airborne divisions of OKSVA, a systematic replacement of regular airborne armored vehicles (BMD-1, BTR-D) with armored vehicles, standard for motorized rifle units (BMP-2D, BTR-70) was carried out. First of all, this was due to the rather low security and low motor resource of the structurally lightweight armored vehicles of the Airborne Forces, as well as the nature of the hostilities, where combat missions performed by paratroopers will not differ much from the tasks assigned to motorized rifles.
Also to increase firepower landing units, they will include additional artillery and tank units. For example, 345opdp according to the model motorized rifle regiment will be supplemented with an artillery howitzer battalion and a tank company, in the 56th brigade the artillery battalion was deployed up to 5 fire batteries (instead of the prescribed 3 batteries), and the 103rd Guards Airborne Division will be given the 62nd separate tank battalion to reinforce, which was unusual for the organizational and staff structure units of the Airborne Forces on the territory of the USSR.
Training of officers for the airborne troops
Officers were trained by the following military educational institutions according to the following military specialties:
Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School - commander of an airborne (airborne assault) platoon, commander of a reconnaissance platoon.
-Landing faculty Ryazan Military Automobile Institute - commander of an automobile / transport platoon.
- Landing Department of the Ryazan Higher Military Command School of Communications - commander of a communications platoon.
-Airborne faculty of the Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School - deputy company commander for political affairs (educational work).
-Airborne Department of the Kolomna Higher Artillery Command School - commander of an artillery platoon.
- Poltava Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command Red Banner School- commander of an anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft missile platoon.
- Landing department of the Kamenetz-Podolsky Higher Military Engineering Command School - commander of an engineering platoon.
Except data graduates educational institutions, in the Airborne Forces were often appointed to the positions of platoon commanders, graduates of higher combined arms schools(VOKU) and military departments that trained commanders of a motorized rifle platoon. This was due to the fact that the specialized Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, which produced an average of about 300 lieutenants every year, was simply not able to fully meet the needs of the Airborne Forces (at the end of the 80s they had about 60,000 personnel) in platoon leaders. For example, the former commander of 247gv.pdp (7gv.vdd), Hero of the Russian Federation Em Yuri Pavlovich, who began his service in the Airborne Forces as a platoon commander in 111gv.pdp 105gv.vdd, graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Combined Arms Command School.
For quite a long time, military units and units of the Special Forces (the so-called now army special forces) were erroneously and / or deliberately called paratroopers. This circumstance is connected with the fact that in the Soviet period, as now, the Russian Armed Forces did not have and do not have special forces, but there were and are units and units of the Special Forces (SpN) of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. In the press and in the media, the phrases “special forces” or “commandos” were mentioned only in relation to the troops of a potential enemy (“Green Berets”, “Rangers”, “Commandos”).
Starting from the formation of these units in the USSR Armed Forces in 1950 until the end of the 80s, the existence of such units and units was completely denied. It got to the point that about their existence the military military service they learned only when they were accepted into the personnel of these units and units. Officially, in the Soviet press and on television, units and units of the Special Forces of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces were announced either as parts of the Airborne Forces - as in the case of the GSVG (officially there were no Special Forces units in the GDR), or as in the case of OKSVA - separate motorized rifle battalions (omsb). For example, the 173rd separate detachment special purpose (173ooSpN), based near the city of Kandahar, was called the 3rd separate motorized rifle battalion (3omsb)
AT Everyday life military personnel of subdivisions and units of the Special Forces wore full dress and field uniforms adopted in the Airborne Forces, although they did not belong to the Airborne Forces either in terms of subordination or in terms of the assigned tasks of reconnaissance and sabotage activities. The only thing that united the Airborne Forces and units and units of the Special Forces was most of the officers - RVVDKU graduates, airborne training and possible combat use behind enemy lines.
Airborne Forces of Russia
The decisive role in the formation of the theory of combat use and the development of weapons of the airborne troops belongs to Soviet commander Vasily Filippovich Margelov, commander of the Airborne Forces from 1954 to 1979. The name of Margelov is also associated with the positioning of airborne formations as highly maneuverable, covered with armor and having sufficient fire efficiency units to participate in modern strategic operations in various theaters of military operations. On his initiative, the technical re-equipment of the Airborne Forces was launched: serial production of landing equipment was launched at defense production enterprises, modifications of small arms designed specifically for paratroopers were made, new military equipment was modernized and created (including the first BMD-1 tracked combat vehicle), were taken to weapons and new military transport aircraft entered the troops, and finally, our own symbols of the Airborne Forces- vests and blue berets. His personal contribution to the formation of the Airborne Forces in their modern form was formulated by General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
"In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union his name will remain forever. He personified a whole era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces, their authority and popularity are associated with his name, not only in our country, but also abroad ...
…AT. F. Margelov realized that in modern operations, only highly mobile, capable of wide maneuver landing forces would be able to successfully operate deep behind enemy lines. He categorically rejected the installation of holding the area captured by the landing until the approach of the troops advancing from the front by the method of tough defense as disastrous, because in this case the landing would be quickly destroyed.
During the Second World War, the largest operational-tactical formations of the airborne troops (forces) - the army - were formed. The Airborne Army (VDA) was specially designed to carry out major operational and strategic tasks behind enemy lines. It was first created at the end of 1943 in Nazi Germany as part of several airborne divisions. In 1944, the Anglo-American command also created such an army, consisting of two airborne corps (a total of five airborne divisions) and several military transport aviation formations. These armies never took part in hostilities in full strength.
-During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, tens of thousands of soldiers, sergeants, officers of the airborne units of the Red Army Air Force were awarded orders and medals, and 126 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
-After the end of the Great Patriotic War and for several decades, the Airborne Forces of the USSR (Russia) were and probably remain the most massive airborne troops on Earth.
-Only Soviet paratroopers in full combat gear were able to land on North Pole back in the late 40s
- Only Soviet paratroopers dared to jump from many kilometers in airborne combat vehicles.
-The abbreviation of the Airborne Forces is sometimes deciphered as "Two hundred options are possible", "Uncle Vasya's troops", "Your girls are widows", "It is unlikely that I will return home", "The paratrooper will withstand everything", "Everything for you", "Troops for the war", etc. d.
Airborne Troops (VDV) - a type of troops intended for combat operations behind enemy lines. Usually they are part of the ground forces, less often they are part of the air force (navy), but they can also be an independent branch of the armed forces.
Designed for landing from the air behind enemy lines or for rapid deployment in geographically remote areas. The main method of delivery of the Airborne Forces is parachute landing, they can also be delivered by helicopter; during World War II, glider delivery was practiced.
At the end of 1930, near Leningrad, a Soviet airborne unit was created - an airborne assault detachment. In December 1932, he was deployed to the 3rd Special Purpose Aviation Brigade, which in 1938 became known as the 201st Airborne Brigade.
The first use of airborne assault in the history of military affairs took place in the spring of 1929. In the city of Garm besieged by the Basmachi, a group of armed Red Army soldiers was landed from the air, which, with the support of local residents, defeated a gang that had invaded the territory of Tajikistan from abroad. However, the Day of the Airborne Forces in Russia and a number of other countries is August 2, in honor of the parachute landing at the military exercise of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh on August 2, 1930.
In 1931, on the basis of a directive dated March 18, a non-standard, experienced aviation motorized landing detachment (airborne landing detachment) was formed in the 1st aviation brigade of the Leningrad Military District. It was intended to study issues of operational-tactical use and the most advantageous organizational forms of airborne landing (airborne) units, units and formations. The detachment consisted of 164 personnel and consisted of:
- one rifle company;
- individual platoons: sapper, communications and light vehicles;
- heavy bomber aviation squadron (air squadron) (12 aircraft - TB-1);
- one corps aviation detachment (air detachment) (10 aircraft - R-5).
The detachment was armed with:
- two 76-mm Kurchevsky dynamo-reactive cannons (DRP);
- two wedges - T-27;
- 4 grenade launchers;
- 3 light armored vehicles (armored vehicles);
- 14 light and 4 heavy machine guns;
- 10 trucks and 16 cars;
- 4 motorcycles and one scooter (probably meant a bicycle).
E. D. Lukin was appointed commander of the detachment. Then, in the same air brigade, an emergency paratrooper detachment was formed.
In 1932, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR adopted a resolution on the deployment of detachments into special aviation battalions (bOSNAZ). By the end of 1933, there were already 29 airborne battalions and brigades that were part of the Air Force. The LenVO was entrusted with the task of training airborne instructors and developing operational-tactical standards. By the standards of that time, airborne units were an effective means of disorganizing the control and rear of the enemy. They were to be used where other types of troops (infantry, artillery, cavalry, armored forces) could not solve this problem at the moment, and were intended to be used by the high command in cooperation with troops advancing from the front, airborne assaults were supposed to contribute to the encirclement and defeat the enemy in this direction.
State No. 015/890 of 1936 of the "Airborne Brigade" (ADBR) of wartime and peacetime. Name of units, number of wartime personnel (number of peacetime personnel in parentheses):
- management, 49 (50)
- communications company, 56 (46)
- musician platoon, 11 (11)
- 3 airborne battalions, each 521 (381)
- school of junior officers, 0 (115)
- services, 144 (135)
Personnel:
- Total: 1823 (1500)
- Command staff, 107 (118)
- Commanding staff, 69 (60)
- Junior command and command staff, 330 (264)
- Enlisted personnel, 1317 (1058)
Material part:
- 45 mm anti-tank gun, 18 (19)
- Light machine guns, 90 (69)
- Radio stations, 20 (20)
- Automatic carbines, 1286 (1005)
- Light mortars, 27 (20)
- Cars, 6 (6)
- Trucks, 63 (51)
- Special vehicles, 14 (14)
- Cars "Pickup", 9 (8)
- Motorcycles, 31 (31)
- Tractors ChTZ, 2 (2)
- Tractor trailers, 4 (4)
In the prewar years, a lot of effort and money was allocated to the development of airborne troops, the development of the theory of their combat use and practical training. In 1934, 600 paratroopers were involved in the exercises of the Red Army. In 1935, during the maneuvers of the Kyiv Military District, 1,188 paratroopers were parachuted and a landing force consisting of 2,500 people with military equipment landed. In 1936, 3,000 paratroopers were parachuted into the Belarusian Military District, 8,200 people with artillery and other military equipment were landed by landing method. The invited foreign military delegations present at these exercises were amazed by the size of the landings and the skill of landing.
31. Parachute units, as a new type of airborne infantry, are a means of disorganizing the control and rear of the enemy. They are used by the high command.
In cooperation with the troops advancing from the front, the air infantry contributes to the encirclement and defeat of the enemy in a given direction.
The use of air infantry must be strictly in accordance with the conditions of the situation and requires reliable provision and observance of measures of secrecy and surprise.
Chapter Two "Organization of the Red Army Troops" 1. Types of troops and their combat use, Field Regulations of the Red Army (PU-39)
The paratroopers gained experience in real battles. In 1939, the 212th Airborne Brigade took part in the defeat of the Japanese at Khalkhin Gol. For their courage and heroism, 352 paratroopers were awarded orders and medals. In 1939-1940, during the Soviet-Finnish war, the 201st, 202nd and 214th airborne brigades fought together with rifle units.
Based on the experience gained in 1940, new staffs of brigades were approved as part of three combat groups: parachute, glider and landing.
In preparation for the operation to annex Bessarabia to the USSR, occupied by Romania, as well as Northern Bukovina, the command of the Red Army included the 201st, 204th and 214th airborne brigades in the Southern Front. During the operation, combat missions were received by the 204th and 201st ADBR and landings were thrown into the area of Bolgrad and the city of Izmail, and after the closure of the state border to organize Soviet governments in settlements.
By the beginning of 1941, airborne corps of over 10 thousand people each were deployed on the basis of the existing airborne brigades. On September 4, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar, the Office of the Airborne Forces was transformed into the Office of the Commander of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army, and the formations and units of the Airborne Forces were removed from the subordination of the commanders of the active fronts and transferred to the direct subordination of the commander of the Airborne Forces. In accordance with the same order, ten airborne corps, five maneuverable airborne brigades, five reserve airborne regiments and an airborne school (Kuibyshev) were formed. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Airborne Forces constituted an independent branch of the forces (troops) of the Red Army Air Force.
In the counteroffensive near Moscow, conditions were created for the widespread use of the Airborne Forces. In the winter of 1942, the Vyazemsky airborne operation was carried out with the participation of the 4th airborne corps. In September 1943, an airborne assault consisting of two brigades was used to assist the troops of the Voronezh Front in forcing the Dnieper River. In the Manchurian strategic operation in August 1945, more than 4 thousand people of the personnel of rifle units were landed for landing operations by landing method, who successfully completed the assigned tasks.
In October 1944, the Airborne Forces were transformed into a separate Guards Airborne Army, which became part of the long-range aviation. In December 1944, this army was disbanded, the Airborne Forces Directorate was created with subordination to the Air Force Commander. Three airborne brigades, a training airborne regiment, advanced training courses for officers and an aeronautical division remained in the Airborne Forces.
Since 1946, they were transferred to the ground forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR, were directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense of the USSR, being the reserve of the Supreme Commander.
In 1956, two airborne divisions took part in the Hungarian events. In 1968, after the capture of two airfields near Prague and Bratislava, the 7th and 103rd Guards Airborne Divisions were landed, which ensured the successful completion of the task by formations and units of the Joint Armed Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact during the Czechoslovak events.
Paratroopers in the cargo compartment of the An-12.
In the post-war period, a lot of work was carried out in the Airborne Forces to increase the firepower and mobility of personnel. Numerous samples of airborne armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D), automotive equipment (TPK, GAZ-66), artillery systems (ASU-57, ASU-85, 2S9 Nona, 107-mm B-11 recoilless rifle) were created. Complex parachute systems were developed for landing all types of weapons - "Centaur", "Reaktaur" and others. The fleet of military transport aircraft was also increased, called for the mass transfer of landing formations in the event of large-scale hostilities. Large-body transport aircraft were created capable of parachute landing of military equipment (An-12, An-22, Il-76).
In the USSR, for the first time in the world, airborne troops were created, which had their own armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery. At large army exercises (for example, "Shield-82" or "Druzhba-82"), the landing of personnel with standard equipment of no more than two parachute regiments was practiced. The state of the military transport aviation of the USSR Armed Forces at the end of the 80s made it possible to parachute 75% of the personnel and standard military equipment of one airborne division in one general sortie.
Organizational structure of the 105th Guards Airborne Division, July 1979.
By the fall of 1979, the 105th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division, specialized for combat operations in mountainous desert areas, was disbanded. Parts of the 105th Guards. The VDD was deployed in the cities of Fergana, Namangan and Chirchik of the Uzbek SSR and in the city of Osh of the Kirghiz SSR. As a result of the disbandment of the 105th Guards. VDD were formed three separate airborne assault brigades (35th, 38th and 56th) and the 345th guards separate airborne regiment.
Followed after the disbandment of the 105th Guards. The Airborne Forces in 1979, the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan showed the profound fallacy of the decision taken by the leadership of the USSR Armed Forces - the airborne formation, specially adapted for combat operations in mountainous desert areas, was ill-considered and hastily disbanded, and was eventually sent to Afghanistan 103 Guards. Airborne Forces, whose personnel had no training for combat operations in such a theater of operations:
“... in 1986, the Commander of the Airborne Forces, General of the Army Sukhorukov D.F., came, he then said what fools we were, having disbanded the 105th airborne division, because it was intended for combat operations in mountainous desert areas. And we had to spend huge amounts of money to deliver the 103rd airborne division to Kabul by air ... "
By the mid 80s. As part of the airborne troops of the USSR Armed Forces, there were 7 airborne divisions and three separate regiments with the following names and locations:
Organizational structure of the 351st Guards Airborne Regiment, 105th Guards Airborne Division as of July 1979.
- 7th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division. Stationed in Kaunas, Lithuanian SSR, Baltic Military District.
- 76th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree Chernihiv Airborne Division. Stationed in Pskov, RSFSR, Leningrad Military District.
- 98th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree Svir airborne division. It was stationed in the city of Bolgrad, Ukrainian SSR, KOdVO and in the city of Chisinau, Moldavian SSR, KOdVO.
- 103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Lenin Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division named after the 60th anniversary of the USSR. It was stationed in the city of Kabul (Afghanistan) as part of OKSVA. Until December 1979 and after February 1989, it was stationed in the city of Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR, Belorussian Military District.
- The 104th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division, specialized for combat operations in mountainous areas. Stationed in the city of Kirovabad of the Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian Military District.
- 106th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov II degree airborne division. It was stationed in the city of Tula and in the city of Ryazan of the RSFSR, Moscow Military District.
- 44th Training Red Banner Order of Suvorov II degree and Bogdan Khmelnitsky II degree Ovruch airborne division. Stationed in the village. Gayzhyunay of the Lithuanian SSR, Baltic VO.
- 345th Guards Vienna Red Banner Order of Suvorov III degree Parachute Regiment named after the 70th anniversary of the Lenin Komsomol. Stationed in the city of Bagram (Afghanistan) as part of OKSVA. Until December 1979, it was stationed in the city of Fergana, Uzbek SSR, after February 1989 - in the city of Kirovabad, Azerbaijan SSR, Transcaucasian Military District.
- 387th Training Separate Airborne Regiment. Until 1982, he was part of the 104th Guards. VDD. In the 80s, in the 387th training OPDP, young recruits were trained to be sent to the airborne and airborne assault units as part of the OKSVA. In cinema, in the film "9th Company", the training part means exactly 387 OUPDP. Stationed in the city of Fergana, Uzbek SSR, Turkestan Military District.
- 196th Separate Communications Regiment of the Airborne Troops. Stationed in the village. Bear Lakes, Moscow Region, RSFSR.
Each of these divisions included: a directorate (headquarters), three airborne regiments, one self-propelled artillery regiment, and combat support and logistics support units.
In addition to parachute units and formations, the airborne troops also had air assault units and formations, but they were subordinate to the commanders of military districts (groups of forces), armies or corps. They did not differ in anything, except for tasks, subordination and OShS. Methods of combat use, combat training programs for personnel, weapons and uniforms for military personnel were the same as for paratrooper units and formations of the Airborne Forces (central subordination). Air assault formations were represented by separate air assault brigades (ODSHBR), separate air assault regiments (ODSHP) and separate air assault battalions (ODSHB).
The reason for the creation of air assault units in the late 60s was the revision of tactics in the fight against the enemy in the event of a full-scale war. The stake was placed on the concept of using massive landings in the near rear of the enemy, capable of disorganizing the defense. The technical possibility for such a landing was provided by the fleet of transport helicopters in army aviation, which had significantly increased by this time.
By the mid-80s, the USSR Armed Forces included 14 separate brigades, two separate regiments and about 20 separate battalions. The brigades were deployed on the territory of the USSR according to the principle - one brigade per one military district, which has land access to the State border of the USSR, one brigade in the inner Kiev Military District (23 ODSHBR in Kremenchug, subordinate to the High Command of the southwestern direction) and two brigades for groups of Soviet troops abroad (35 ODSHBR in the GSVG in the city of Cottbus and 83 ODSHBR in the SGV in the city of Bialogard). 56 Guards. ODShBR in OKSVA, stationed in the city of Gardez of the Republic of Afghanistan, belonged to the Turkestan Military District, in which it was formed.
Individual air assault regiments were subordinate to the commanders of individual army corps.
The difference between the parachute and airborne assault formations of the Airborne Forces was as follows:
- In the presence of standard airborne armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D, self-propelled guns "Nona", etc.). In the airborne assault units, only a quarter of all units were equipped with it - in contrast to 100% of its staffing in the paratrooper units.
- In the subordination of the troops. Airborne assault units, operationally, were subordinate to the command of military districts (groups of troops), armies, and corps. The parachute units were subordinate to the command of the Airborne Forces, whose headquarters was in Moscow.
- in assigned tasks. It was assumed that the air assault units, in the event of the start of large-scale hostilities, would be used to land in the enemy's near rear, mainly by landing from helicopters. Parachute units were supposed to be used in a deeper rear of the enemy with a parachute landing from VTA aircraft. At the same time, airborne training with planned training parachute landings of personnel and military equipment was mandatory for both types of airborne forces.
- Unlike the guards airborne units of the Airborne Forces deployed to the full state, some airborne assault brigades were cadre (special staff) and were not guards. The exception was three brigades that received the names of the Guards, created on the basis of the 105th Vienna Red Banner Guards Airborne Division disbanded in 1979 - the 35th, 38th and 56th.
In the mid-80s, the following brigades and regiments were part of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces:
Organizational and staffing structure of the 56th Guards Separate Air Assault Brigade, as of December 1986
- 11 ODSHBR in the Trans-Baikal MD (Trans-Baikal Territory, Mogocha and Amazar)
- 13 ODSHBR in the Far Eastern Military District (Amur Region, Magdagachi and Zavitinsk)
- 21 ODSHBR in the Transcaucasian Military District (Georgian SSR, Kutaisi)
- 23 ODSHBR of the South-Western direction (on the territory of the Kyiv Military District), (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug)
- 35 Guards. ODSHBR in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (German Democratic Republic, Cottbus)
- 36 ODSHBR in the Leningrad VO (Leningrad region, town Garbolovo)
- 37 ODSHBR in the Baltic VO (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk)
- 38 Guards. ODSHBR in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Brest)
- 39 ODSHBR in the Carpathian Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Khyriv)
- 40 ODSHBR in Odessa Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Nikolaev)
- 56 Guards. ODSHBR in the Turkestan Military District (formed in the city of Chirchik, Uzbek SSR and introduced into Afghanistan)
- 57 ODSHBR in the Central Asian VO (Kazakh SSR, Aktogay town)
- 58 ODSHBR in the Kiev Military District (Ukrainian SSR, Kremenchug)
- 83 ODSHBR in the Northern Group of Forces, (Polish People's Republic, Bialogard)
- 1318 ODSHP in the Belarusian Military District (Belarusian SSR, Polotsk) subordinate to the 5th separate army corps (5 KLA)
- 1319 ODSHP in the Trans-Baikal Military District (Chita region, Kyakhta) subordinate to the 48th separate army corps (48 KLA)
These brigades had in their composition management, 3 or 4 air assault battalions, one artillery battalion and units of combat support and logistics. The personnel of the deployed brigades reached 2,500 military personnel. For example, the staff strength of the 56th Guards. On December 1, 1986, the ODShBR consisted of 2452 military personnel (261 officers, 109 ensigns, 416 sergeants, 1666 soldiers).
The regiments differed from the brigades in the presence of only two battalions: one paratrooper and one air assault (on the BMD), as well as a slightly reduced composition of the regimental units.
Participation of the Airborne Forces in the Afghan War
Organizational structure of the 345th Guards Separate Airborne Regiment, for the summer of 1988
In the Afghan war, one airborne division (103rd Guards Airborne Division), one separate airborne assault brigade (56th Guards ODSHBR), one separate parachute regiment (345th Guards OPDP) and two air assault battalions as part of separate motorized rifle brigades (in the 66th Motorized Rifle Brigade and in the 70th Motorized Rifle Brigade). In total, for 1987, these were 18 "line" battalions (13 parachute and 5 air assault), which accounted for a fifth of the total number of all OKSVA "line" battalions (which included another 18 tank and 43 motorized rifle battalions) .
In virtually the entire history of the Afghan war, no situation has arisen that would justify the use of parachute landing for the transfer of personnel. The main reasons here were the complexity of the mountainous terrain and the unjustified material costs in using such methods in guerrilla warfare. The transfer of the personnel of the airborne and airborne assault units to the mountainous areas of hostilities, impassable for armored vehicles, was carried out exclusively by the landing method from helicopters. As in all motorized rifle, tank and artillery units as part of the OKSVA, up to half of all units of the airborne and airborne assault formations were assigned to guard outposts, which made it possible to control roads, mountain passes and the vast territory of the country, thereby significantly fettering enemy actions. For example, the 2nd Airborne Battalion from the 345th Guards. The OPDP was dispersed over 20 outposts in the Panjshir Gorge near the village of Anava. By this, 2 PDB 345 OPDP (together with the 682nd motorized rifle regiment of the 108th MSD stationed in the village of Rukha) blocked the western exit from the gorge, which was the main transport artery of the enemy from Pakistan to the strategically important Charikar Valley.
The most massive combat airborne operation in the USSR Armed Forces, in the period after the Great Patriotic War, should be considered the 5th Panjshir operation in May-June 1982, during which a mass landing in Afghanistan was carried out for the first time: only during the first three days , over 4 thousand people were parachuted from helicopters. In total, about 12 thousand military personnel of various branches of the armed forces took part in this operation. The operation took place simultaneously for all 120 km into the depths of the gorge. As a result, most of the Panjshir Gorge was brought under control.
In the period from 1982 to 1986, in all airborne divisions of OKSVA, there was a systematic replacement of regular airborne armored vehicles (BMD-1, BTR-D) with armored vehicles, standard for motorized rifle units (BMP-2D, BTR-70). First of all, this was due to the low security and low motor resource of the structurally lightweight armored vehicles of the Airborne Forces, as well as the nature of the hostilities, where the tasks performed by paratroopers differed little from the tasks assigned to motorized rifles.
Also, in order to increase the firepower of the landing units, additional artillery and tank units were introduced into their composition. For example, 345 OPDP, modeled on a motorized rifle regiment, was supplemented with an artillery howitzer battalion and a tank company, in 56 ODSHBR the artillery battalion was deployed up to 5 firing batteries (instead of the prescribed 3 batteries), and the 103rd Guards. the airborne division will be given to reinforce the 62nd separate tank battalion, which was unusual for the organizational and staffing structure of the airborne forces on the territory of the USSR.
Training of officers for the airborne troops
Officers were trained by the following military educational institutions in the following military specialties:
- Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School - commander of an airborne (airborne assault) platoon, commander of a reconnaissance platoon.
- Landing Department of the Ryazan Higher Military Automobile Engineering School - commander of an automobile / transport platoon.
- Landing department of the Ryazan Higher Military Command School of Communications - commander of a communications platoon.
- The landing department of the Novosibirsk Higher Military-Political Combined Arms School - deputy company commander for political affairs (educational work).
- Landing Department of the Kolomna Higher Artillery Command School - commander of an artillery platoon.
- Landing Department of the Leningrad Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School - commander of an anti-aircraft missile platoon.
- Landing faculty of the Kamenetz-Podolsky Higher Military Engineering Command School - commander of an engineering platoon.
In addition to graduates of these educational institutions, the Airborne Forces often appointed graduates of higher combined arms schools (VOKU) and military departments, who prepared for the commander of a motorized rifle platoon, to the positions of platoon commanders. This was due to the fact that the profile Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, which produced about 300 lieutenants every year on average, was not able to fully meet the needs of the Airborne Forces (at the end of the 80s they had about 60,000 personnel) in platoon commanders. For example, the former commander of the 247th Guards. PDP (7th Guards Airborne Forces), Hero of the Russian Federation Em Yuri Pavlovich, who began his service in the Airborne Forces as a platoon commander in the 111th Guards. PDP 105 Guards. VDD, graduated from the Alma-Ata Higher Combined Arms Command School.
For a long time, military personnel of units and units of the Special Forces (the so-called now army special forces) were mistakenly and deliberately called paratroopers. This is due to the fact that in the Soviet period, as now, in the Russian Armed Forces, there were and are no special forces, but there were and are units and units of the Special Forces (SpN) of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. The phrase “special forces” or “commandos” was mentioned in the press and in the media only in relation to the troops of a potential enemy (“Green Berets”, “Rangers”, “Commandos”).
Starting with the emergence of these units, in the USSR Armed Forces in 1950 until the end of the 80s, the existence of such units and units was completely denied. Up to the point that conscripts learned about their existence only when they were accepted into the personnel of these units and units. Officially, in the Soviet press and on television, units and units of the Special Forces of the GRU of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces were announced either as parts of the Airborne Forces - as in the case of the GSVG (officially there were no Special Forces units in the GDR), or as in the case of OKSVA - separate motorized rifle battalions (OMSB). For example, the 173rd Separate Special Purpose Detachment (173 OOSpN), stationed near the city of Kandahar, was called the 3rd Separate Motorized Rifle Battalion (3 OMSB).
In everyday life, servicemen of subunits and units of the Special Forces wore full dress and field uniforms adopted in the Airborne Forces, although they did not belong to the Airborne Forces either in terms of subordination or in terms of the assigned tasks of reconnaissance and sabotage activities. The only thing that united the Airborne Forces and units and units of the Special Forces was most of the officers - RVVDKU graduates, airborne training and possible combat use behind enemy lines.
(SSO of Belarus)
Ukraine(DShV of Ukraine)
The main method of delivery of the Airborne Forces is landing both by parachute and by landing. Also units can be delivered by helicopters; glider delivery was practiced during World War II.
AT different countries airborne troops called differently: air infantry , winged infantry, rapid reaction forces (troops), airmobile troops , highly mobile landing troops , commandos(British commandos) and others.
They consist of a central body of military control (management, headquarters), formations, units, divisions and institutions (for example, in Russia: Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School).
In peacetime, the Airborne Troops perform the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at a level that ensures their successful use as intended.
Story
Armament and military equipment
In the US airborne divisions, the equipment is the same as for light infantry brigades and consists of vehicles based on the HMMWV, M1117 ASV, 8x8 HEMTT tractors and trucks, 2.5-/5-ton 4x4/6x6 FMTV trucks and howitzers M119, M777.
In the French 11th Airborne Brigade, armament consists of a VAB armored personnel carrier, VBL and PVP armored personnel carriers, AMX-10RC and ERC 90 armored personnel carriers, an RTF1 120 mm mortar, DRAC reconnaissance drones, CAESAR 155 mm howitzers, 20 mm Giat 53T2 cannons on TRM 2000 trucks, Mistral MANPADS.
In the Spanish 6th Airborne Brigade, the equipment consists of Iveco LMV, BMR, URO VAMTAC, 81-mm mortar ECIA L-65 / 81 on the URO VAMTAC chassis, 155-mm towed howitzer SIAC, reconnaissance units move on Centauro and BRM VEC -M1.
In the British 16th air assault brigade, the equipment used consists of Lynx AH9A helicopters, WAH-64 Apache, L118 105 mm howitzers, Jackal vehicles, WMIK Land Rover, Pinzgauer 4x4, Supacat ATMP amphibious transport vehicle, Starstreak HVM MANPADS, minidrones Desert Hawk III.
Airborne Forces of the USSR and Russia
Airborne Forces of the USSR
The first use of airborne assault in the history of military affairs took place in the spring of 1929. In the city of Garm besieged by the Basmachi, a group of armed Red Army soldiers was landed from the air, which, with the support of local residents, defeated a gang that had invaded the territory of Tajikistan from abroad. However, the Day of the Airborne Forces in Russia and a number of other countries is August 2, in honor of the paratroopers at the military exercise of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh on August 2, 1930.
In 1935, major military exercises took place in the Kiev Military District, during which, for the first time in the history of the USSR, a mass airborne landing was practiced with the aim of capturing Brovary Airport. The whole operation took no more than 2 hours. This airborne assault was also witnessed by British Field Marshal Archibald Wavell.
In 1940, they took part in the operation to annex Bessarabia to the USSR.
Landing operations were used in the Manchurian strategic operation in August 1945.
In August 1944, the Airborne Forces were merged into the Separate Guards Airborne Army, and on December 18, 1944, by order of the SVGK KA No. 0047, the army was disbanded. On its basis, the 9th Guards Army was formed. All divisions and brigades of the Airborne Forces were reorganized into guards rifle divisions and corps. The remaining three airborne brigades (5th, 8th, 24th) were transferred to the KA Air Force. Lieutenant-General Zatevakhin Ivan Ivanovich has been appointed head of the Airborne Forces Department of the Air Force of the Spacecraft.
In the USSR, for the first time in the world, airborne troops, which had their own armored vehicles and self-propelled artillery. In the Afghan war (1979-1989), one airborne division, one separate airborne assault brigade, one separate airborne regiment and two airborne assault battalions as part of separate motorized rifle brigades participated from the airborne and airborne assault formations of the USSR Armed Forces .
Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation
The Russian Airborne Forces have the status of a separate branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are the reserve of the Supreme High Command.
In other countries
Belarus
Special Operations Forces(belor. Forces of special operations): Command reports directly General Staff armed forces. They include: 38th Separate Guards Airborne Assault Brigade, 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade, 5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade, 33rd Separate Guards Special Purpose Detachment.
Kazakhstan
Germany
Wehrmacht
The formation of parts of the Wehrmacht Airborne Forces (German: Fallschirmjäger) began in 1936 and continued during the Second World War. Between 1940 and 1941 they were used in major airborne operations in Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands and Greece. In subsequent years, there were even larger-scale operations with their participation, but mostly only as regular infantry formations, to support the main forces. From the allies, they received the nickname "Green Devils". Throughout World War II, their founder, Colonel-General Kurt Student, was the permanent commander.
Bundeswehr
USA
Israel
The brigade was formed in 1954-1956 by the merger of several special forces units.
The Tsankhanim brigade belongs to the Central District and is part of the 98th Reserve Airborne Division, staffed by reservists who have completed active service in the brigade.
Italy
Main article: Parachute Brigade "Folgore"
The Italian Airborne Forces are the Folgore Parachute Brigade (Italian. Brigata paracadutisti "Folgore") stationed in Livorno, Tuscany. Folgore is part of the Friuli division.
Spain
Main article: 6th Airborne Brigade
The Spanish Airborne Forces consist of the 6th Airborne Brigade "Riders" (Spanish. Brigada "Almogavares" VI de Paracaidistas ) stationed in Paracuellos de Jarama, in the region of Madrid. 6 pdbr is part of the Castillejos division.
Poland
Main articles: 25th Air Cavalry Brigade and 6th Airborne Brigade (Poland)
The Polish Airborne Forces are the 25th Air Cavalry Brigade (Polish. 25 Brygada Kawalerii Powietrznej) and the 6th Airborne Brigade (Polish 6 Brygada Powietrznodesantowa).
France
Main article: 11th Airborne Brigade
The French airborne forces are represented by the 11th paratrooper brigade (fr. 11 e brigade parachutiste) stationed in Balma, Occitania region. The 11th Infantry Brigade is part of the 3rd Panzer Division.
Ukraine
From December to August 2 - Airmobile Troops of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; September 2 to November 21 - Highly mobile landing troops of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; From November 21 - Air assault troops Armed Forces of Ukraine.Air assault troops of Ukraine- a separate elite branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which includes airborne, airborne assault and airmobile units and subunits, as well as support units, in particular training. Designed for actions behind enemy lines, actions during special, anti-terrorist and peacekeeping operations and the performance of tasks that cannot be effectively solved by other forces and means. In 2005, the United Rapid Reaction Forces were formed on the basis of the then Airmobile Forces. Ukrainian DShV consist of five separate air assault (45th, 46th, 79th, 80th and 95th), one separate airborne (25th) and one separate airmobile () brigades.
Japan
Army and Navy of the Empire of Japan (1871-1945)
The Empire of Japan had two types of airborne forces: army and navy. The parachute units of the ground forces took an active part at the beginning of the Pacific War. The army airborne forces consisted of several regiments, reduced to one division by the end of the war. The naval airborne forces consisted of three divisions and were also used as marines.
Japan Self-Defense Forces
Main article: 1st Airborne Brigade (Japan)
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force includes the 1st Airborne Brigade (Japanese: 第1空挺団, Dai-Ichi Kūtei Dan).
Faddey Bulgarin
At this signal from the air gun from the balloon of the chief commander of the air squadron, the soldiers suddenly rushed headlong to the ground from an immeasurable height. I froze with fear, but soon came to my senses, seeing parachutes opening in the air, which, smoothly descending in various directions, presented to my eyes a different kind of charming spectacle. The soldiers, having touched the ground, deftly disentangled themselves from the nets, rolled up their parachutes and, tying them like knapsacks to their backs, immediately lined up and began to perform foot maneuvers.
Plausible Fables, or Wandering the World in the 29th Century
Hi all! Today we will touch on such a topic as military service under contract in the Airborne Forces of Russia. Namely, we will consider such issues as vacancies under a contract in the Airborne Forces in 2019, those who serve under a contract in the airborne troops, as well as the conditions for serving under a contract in the Airborne Forces for military personnel and their families. A separate place in our article will be occupied by the Airborne Forces.
Contract service in the Airborne Forces regiments, divisions, military units, brigades
Contract service in the Airborne Forces is a job for real men!
At the moment, the structural strength includes four full-fledged divisions, as well as separate regiments, airborne and airborne assault brigades.
For those who nevertheless decided to connect their lives, or at least part of it, with service in the Airborne Forces, I highly recommend studying the composition of the Airborne Forces and the locations of units and subunits of the Russian Airborne Forces.
So, according to official information from the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation mil.ru The Airborne Forces consists of:
- 76th Guards Air Assault Division, Pskov location:
- military unit 32515 104th Guards Air Assault Regiment
- military unit 74268 234th Guards Air Assault Regiment
- military unit 45377 1140 artillery regiment and others
- military unit 65451 98th Guards Airborne Division, located in Ivanovo:
- military unit 62295 217 Guards Airborne Regiment
- military unit 71211 331st Guards Airborne Regiment (located in Kostroma)
- military unit 62297 1065th Red Banner Guards Artillery Regiment (located in Kostroma)
- military unit 65391 215th separate guards reconnaissance company and others
- 7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Division, location - Novorossiysk:
- military unit 42091 108 air assault regiment
- military unit 54801 247 air assault regiment (location Stavropol)
- military unit 40515 1141 artillery regiment (location of Anapa) and others
- 106th Guards Airborne Division - Tula:
- military unit 41450 137 parachute regiment
- military unit 33842 51 parachute regiment
- military unit 93723 1182 artillery regiment (location Naro-Fominsk) and others
Regiments and brigades of the Airborne Forces:
- military unit 32364 11th separate guards airborne brigade, stationed in the city of Ulan-Ude
- military unit 28337 45th Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade - Moscow
- 56th Separate Guards Air Assault Brigade. Place of deployment - the city of Kamyshin
- military unit 73612 31st Separate Guards Air Assault Brigade. Located in Ulyanovsk
- military unit 71289 83rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade. Location - Ussuriysk
- military unit 54164 38th Separate Guards Communications Regiment of the Airborne Forces. Located in the Moscow region, in the village of Medvezhye Ozera
Cuban contract service in the special forces of the Airborne Forces in the 45th special forces brigade
Let's start with the brigade, which, apparently, seeks every second candidate. Namely, in the 45th brigade (regiment) of the Airborne Forces. In order not to repeat, I will immediately give a link to the material, where we have already told everything about this military unit in the article
Contract service in the Tula Airborne Forces
For many, the contract in the Airborne Forces has become a good springboard and a good lesson in life.
The next most popular is the 106th Guards Airborne Division, which is located in the hero city of Tula. Full name 106th Guards Airborne Tula Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Division.
The division has the following units:
- parachute regiments
- communications department,
- material support unit (MTO),
- medical team,
- engineering division
Accordingly, for contract service in the 106th Airborne Division, there are quite a lot.
Contract servicemen serving on a contract basis in the Airborne Forces in the city of Tula during their service live in separate living quarters (cubes) for 4-6 soldiers. Those who do not want to live on the territory of the unit, as well as family soldiers, have the right to rent housing in the city itself. In this case, they are paid monetary compensation for the sublease of housing.
Also, each soldier can use to solve their housing problems.
Since the unit is located in the city itself, there are no problems for the employment of members of the families of military personnel here.
Contract service Airborne Forces Ryazan
Those who wish to serve in the Airborne Forces in Ryazan should contact the 137th Airborne Regiment of military unit 41450 Regiment address: Ryazan - 7 Oktyabrsky Gorodok
The conditions for entering the contract in the Airborne Regiment are the same as for other candidates for the contract.
In 137 RAPs, in addition to regular units, for example, RAPs, there are:
- special center,
- airborne training ground
Military unit 41450 has a club, a library, a museum of military glory, a stadium and a sports hall.
A garrison military hospital operates on the territory of the Ryazan garrison.
There are also no problems for the employment of family members of contract servicemen. The military unit is located within the city limits. Accordingly, the state is carried out in full.
Contract service Pskov VDV
The next place for future contractors to serve is the oldest formation of the Airborne Forces, namely the 76th Guards Airborne Assault Division, located in the city of military glory Pskov.
As part of the 76 Guards. DShD has the following divisions:
- three air assault regiments
- Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment
- separate reconnaissance battalion
- separate communications battalion
- repair and restoration battalion and others
The conditions of service and life of military personnel under the contract are the same as in other military units of the Airborne Forces
Contract service Airborne Forces Ulyanovsk
For those who have chosen to serve in the Airborne Forces and also live or are ready to move to the city of Ulyanovsk, they are lucky, because the 31st Separate Guards Airborne Assault Brigade (31 ODSHBr) is located here, military unit 73612 address Ulyanovsk, 3rd Engineering travel
The 31 Airborne Brigade includes:
- paratrooper and air assault battalions
- artillery battalion
- engineering sapper company
Since 2005, all units of the brigade have been staffed exclusively by military personnel under the contract.
Contract in the Airborne Forces in the Crimea
Back in 2016, the then airborne commander Vladimir Shamanov said that during 2017, the 97th Air Assault Regiment will be recreated in Dzhankoy, Crimea. But so far there is no information about this.
Monetary allowance of military personnel under contract in the Airborne Forces
In addition to the basic payments that are due to each serviceman of the Russian Army, the Airborne Forces rely on, namely, in accordance with the order of the RF Ministry of Defense No. the rate of parachute jumps established by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation for the past year.
For military personnel, for each complicated parachute jump, the amount of the allowance increases by 1 percent.
It is worth noting that in the 45th brigade (regiment) of the Airborne Forces, military personnel receive an additional 50% of the salary for passing military service in a special connection.
Airborne contract service reviews
Our Airborne Troops are rapidly developing. More and more new models of modern military equipment are being put into service. And this means that professional military personnel will also be constantly required in the Airborne Forces.
As for the reviews, I would like to say that it depends on military unit where the service will be held, and sometimes from the military himself. What can you say about this? How is your Airborne contract?
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