6 management of the group gsh sun rf. How to get into the GRU (special forces)? Spetsnaz GRU of Russia
The main thing intelligence agency General Staff Armed Forces (GRU General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation)
The head of the GRU of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation reports only to the chief of the General Staff and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. He has no direct connection with the political leadership of the state. Unlike the director of the Foreign Intelligence Service, whom the President of the Russian Federation receives on a weekly basis on Mondays, the head of military intelligence does not have "his own hour" - strictly fixed in the daily routine and time for reporting to the President of the State. The existing system of "spotting", that is, the receipt of intelligence information and analyzes by high authorities, deprives politicians of the possibility of direct access to the GRU.
Structure of the GRU General Staff sun RF modeled on the structure of the GRU of the times of the USSR: 1. First Main Directorate (undercover intelligence) has five directorates responsible for its own set of European states; each department has regional sections for countries. 2 . Second Directorate (front-line intelligence).
3. Third Office (Asian countries). 4. Fourth Office (countries of Africa and the Middle East). 5. Fifth Directorate of operational-tactical intelligence (intelligence from the position of military facilities). All army intelligence units are subordinate to the Fifth Directorate. Naval intelligence is subordinate to the Second Directorate of the Naval Staff, which, in turn, is subordinate to the Fifth Directorate of the GRU. Directorates - the focal point for thousands of intelligence structures in the army (from the intelligence directorates of the districts to the personal departments of the units). Technical services: communication centers and encryption service, computer center, special archive, logistics and financial support, Office of Planning and Control, and Office of Human Resources. There is also a direction within the Department special intelligence in charge of special forces. 6. Sixth Directorate(electronic and radio intelligence) includes the Space Intelligence Center, the so-called "object K-500". GRU official trade intermediary space satellites is Sovinform satellite. As a part of the specified Department there are subdivisions of personal purpose "OSNAZ". 7. Seventh Directorate(by subdivisions of NATO states) has six territorial directorates. eight. Eighth Directorate(work on specially selected countries). 9. Dev Fifth Control(military technology). ten. Tenth Office(military economy, military production and sale of military products, economic security). 11. Eleventh Control(in strategic nuclear forces). 12. twelfth management. 13. The first (independent) department of the GRU(production of cover documents). fourteen. Eighth (independent) department of the GRU(security of GRU internal communications). fifteen. Archival department GRU. 16. Troops special purpose(Special Forces) constitute the elite of the army, significantly surpassing the level of training and armament of the Airborne Forces and border units. Special forces brigades are a forge of intelligence personnel: a candidate for ACA students must have a rank of at least captain and serve in special forces for 5-7 years. 16. Auxiliary divisions: 16.1) administrative and technical department; 16.2) financial management; 16.3) operational and technical management; 16.4) decryption service; 16.5) Military Diplomatic Academy and two research institutes.
Military Topographic Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
In Russia, there are two structures that operate a constellation of photo reconnaissance satellites. Both are part of the structure of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - the Main Intelligence Directorate (space intelligence center) and the military topographic directorate. The special intermediary commercial structure "Sovinformsputnik" trades in satellite images, offers photographs taken by the "Kometa" satellite (TKK "Kosmos"). The specified class of satellites was developed and operates in the interests of the Military Topographic Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia. It was from such a satellite that photographs of the secret American military base "Area 51" were taken, which caused a scandal. According to rumors, the same base, on which allegedly from the 40s of the XX century. the US government is hiding the remains of aliens from outer space.
Availability of forces, means and materials, surveys of the area allow ITU to update maps every 10 - 15 years. The annual "aging" of the map at a scale of 1:50,000 (the main map of the commander at the tactical level) is up to 3%, the discrepancy between its terrain over 10 - 15 years can reach 40%. As the experience of the Chechen campaign has shown, such maps give rise to well-founded complaints from headquarters and troops about their quality. According to the ITU, in order to meet the requirements of the troops for the content of topographic maps, the latter must be updated in a strictly certain period: for sparsely populated areas - with a frequency of 8 - 10 years, for inhabited and industrialized areas - in 3 - 5 years.
Based on the list of threats to the IS of the Russian Federation and the areas of counteraction to them, the main role in bringing down, in accordance with their functional duties, is assigned directly to the Federal Security Service and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
On November 2, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin, speaking at a gala event on the eve of Military Intelligence Day, proposed returning the Main Directorate of the General Staff to its former name, the Main Intelligence Directorate.
Story
The Main Directorate of the General Staff was formed in 2010 as a result of renaming from the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff armed forces Russian Federation, which arose after the collapse of the USSR, when on May 7, 1992, an international agreement was signed on the final division of the remnants of the Armed Forces of the USSR and a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
However, back in the 1990s, the Main Intelligence Directorate was officially called the Main Directorate.
The Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation got all the special-purpose institutions and formations on the territory of Russia, which were previously part of the structure of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces.
professional holiday- Day of the military intelligence officer. Celebrated November 5th.
Submission and purpose
It is the executive body and body of military command and control of other military organizations (the Ministry of Defense of Russia and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation); in turn, it has executive bodies consisting of military command and control bodies, other bodies and subordinate organizations; is government agency, a militarized formal social non-profit entity providing defense and intelligence services. Headed by the head of the GU.
The structure, number and financing of GIs are classified as state secrets. However, from the tasks formulated before the GU, it follows that the main structural units of the GU are intelligence directorates, in particular, the Directorate of Operational Intelligence (abbreviated as the Intelligence Directorate, RU).
The objectives of the intelligence activities of the GU are:
- providing the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Security Council of the Russian Federation with the intelligence information they need to make decisions in political, economic, defense, scientific, technical and environmental areas;
- providing conditions conducive successful implementation policy of the Russian Federation in the field of defense and security;
- assistance economic development, scientific and technological progress countries and military technical support security of the Russian Federation.
Structure of the Main Directorate
Throughout the history of its existence, the GU structure has experienced several reformations. According to data available in open sources, the structure of the Main Directorate consists of 13 main departments and 8 auxiliary departments and departments
Office
- First Directorate - countries of the European Commonwealth (except the UK)
- Second Office - Americas, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand
- Third Office - Asian countries
- Fourth Directorate - countries of Africa
- Fifth Directorate - Operational Intelligence Directorate
- Sixth Directorate - Directorate of Electronic Intelligence (OsNaz)
- Seventh Directorate - NATO
- Eighth Directorate - Special Purpose Directorate
- Ninth Directorate - military technology directorate
- Tenth Directorate - War Economy Directorate
- Eleventh Directorate - Directorate of strategic doctrines and weapons
- Management Twelve bis - information war
- Space Intelligence Directorate
- personnel department
- Operational and technical management
- Administrative and technical department
- Department of External Relations
- Archival department
- Information Service
Educational institutions and officer training
Subversive units and formations
Story
The Ukrainian sentry Cossacks should be considered the forerunner of special forces. In 1571, Tsar Ivan IV approved the "Boyar verdict on the village and guard service" "On the Field", in which the sentry Cossacks were entrusted with reconnaissance and sabotage tasks - to detect enemy detachments (Crimean and Nogai Tatars, "thieves" people) and report that in the nearest fortresses, "have" "tongues", covertly trace the path of the discovered detachment, eliminate enemy patrols and commanders. The sentry Cossacks had excellent health and physical strength, a quick mind, a quick reaction, they knew how to disguise themselves in any terrain, they were fluent in hand-to-hand combat techniques, cold weapons and firearms of their time. At the same time, they had to constantly maintain themselves in good physical shape. They were ruled by their separate "heads" and chieftains. For their service, they received much more than ordinary city Cossacks, monetary maintenance, and often the rank of Ukrainian boyar children (corresponding to junior officers) and land plots. For lost or damaged weapons, equipment, clothes and even horses during the service, the losses of the guard Cossack were reimbursed by the treasury. The selection for sentry Cossacks was very thorough, mainly the descendants of service people, Zaporizhzhya (“Cherkas”) and Don Cossacks and Poles (Poles) who converted to Orthodoxy, were “made up” there. Serfs and serfs were not taken to guard Cossacks.
The first special-purpose units in the Russian army were created on May 31, 1916, when a Separate Special-Purpose Naval Brigade (OMBON) was formed in Babinichi near Vitebsk, consisting of the Special-Purpose Mine and Artillery Regiments and the Special-Purpose River Flotilla. They were staffed by naval officers and took part in the fighting on Western front until the beginning of 1918, after which they were disbanded.
The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army also includes Special Forces: troops of the United State Political Administration and Convoy troops.
Exceptions concerned only formations stationed in the Baltic States and in Transcaucasia.
The Baltic states abandoned their claims to the formations of the USSR Armed Forces, in connection with which the 4th separate special-purpose brigade stationed in Estonia was disbanded on the spot before October 1, 1992.
In Transcaucasia, a different situation developed: in connection with the outbreak of the Karabakh war, the Georgian-Abkhaz war and the South Ossetian conflict, the leadership of the Russian Armed Forces refused to transfer the 12th and 22nd separate brigades and the 797th separate company. The 797th company as part of the GRVZ was disbanded at the deployment point in Yerevan. The brigades were withdrawn to the territory of Russia: the 22nd brigade until July 19, 1992 from the outskirts of Baku to the Rostov region, the 12th brigade until September 3, 1992 from the city of Lagodekhi to Sverdlovsk region.
List of formations assigned to sabotage management
- 2nd Separate Special Purpose Brigade - Western Military District (Pskov)
- 3rd Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade - Central Military District. (Tolyatti)
- 10th Separate Special Purpose Brigade - Southern Military District (Molkino village, Krasnodar Territory)
- 14th Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade - Eastern Military District (Ussuriysk)
- 16th Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade - Western Military District (Tambov).
- 22nd Separate Special Purpose Guards Brigade - Southern Military District (Bataysk and Stepnoy village, Rostov Region)
- 24th Separate Special Purpose Brigade - Central Military District (Novosibirsk)
- 346th Separate Special Purpose Brigade - Southern Military District (Prokhladny, Kabardino-Balkaria)
Maritime reconnaissance posts:
- 42nd naval reconnaissance point (Russian Island, Dzhigit Bay, near Vladivostok, Pacific Fleet);
- 420th naval reconnaissance point (Zverosovkhoz settlement, near the city of Kola, Northern Fleet);
- 388th naval reconnaissance point (Sevastopol, Black Sea Fleet, military unit 43071). Former 431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse, Black Sea Fleet), relocated to Sevastopol of the same fleet;
- 561st naval reconnaissance point (Sailing settlement, near the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, Baltic Fleet).
Number of parts and connections
According to various sources, the number of special-purpose units and formations is currently 6,000-15,000 people. In addition to special-purpose units and formations, combined-arms formations numbering about 25,000 people are subordinate to the Main Directorate.
At present, special forces units - Special Forces of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - consist of 8 separate special-purpose brigades and several naval reconnaissance points of the Main Directorate with a total number of up to 10 thousand military personnel.
Headquarters
One of the main functions of the Main Directorate is to provide data from space, electronic and undercover intelligence to the top leadership of Russia.
The Main Directorate uses high-tech cyber methods of data collection to search for classified information. In January 2016, the German magazine Spiegel, citing sources in German intelligence claimed that the hacker attack on the Bundestag in early 2015 was linked to Russian military intelligence. Similar actions of hackers took place in other NATO countries. An investigation in Germany showed that the computer hacker groups Sofacy and APT28 organized the hacker attack - according to German intelligence services, they are funded from the Russian budget.
British and American sources in January 2016 published the main current goals of the Russian intelligence structures (GU and SVR). They, in particular, attributed the secret financing of European parties and foundations by Russian intelligence officers with the aim of "undermining the political integrity" of the European Union, introducing disagreements between EU members on the issue of sanctions against Russia, negatively affecting NATO's Euro-Atlantic solidarity, blocking the process of deploying anti-missile systems US defense in Europe and creating conditions for Russia's energy monopoly. Among the far-right parties in Europe that have come under suspicion of secret cooperation and financing through Russian intelligence channels, according to The Telegraph newspaper, are the Hungarian nationalist party Jobbik, the Italian League of the North, the Greek Golden Dawn, the French National Front.
In May 2016, Mark Galeotti, a British expert on Russian intelligence services, analyzed the activities of Russian foreign intelligence structures, including the GU, in the West in 2014-2016. The general conclusion of Galeotti's analysis is that, due to hierarchical bureaucratic obstacles and preferable comfortable expectations, valuable information and analytical calculations collected by Russian military intelligence in Western countries do not reach the top leadership of Russia. With these trends, Galeotti connects the Kremlin’s erroneous forecast regarding the consolidated position of the West and the duration of the anti-Russian sanctions of the European Union in connection with the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, the possibility of further keeping Ukraine in the sphere of Russian influence, and others. topical issues international politics.
A number of media outlets considered the liquidation on February 13, 2004 in Doha (Qatar) of one of the leaders of the "Chechen Republic of Ichkeria" Zelimkhan Yandarbiev, to be a GU operation. On February 26, 2004, in a special statement addressed to the authorities of the emirate, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Igor Ivanov acknowledged the fact that the "bombers" arrested and then convicted in Qatar belonged to the Russian special services. In the same year, the scouts were released from the Qatari prison through diplomatic efforts and returned to their homeland.
As of 2017, not a single Russian military intelligence agent (as well as intelligence agents of the SVR, with the exception of a number of agents - citizens foreign countries) is not under arrest or in custody abroad of Russia - they are all released, exchanged or ransomed, as Nikolai Dolgopolov, a writer and historian of special services, winner of the Prize of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, said in an interview with Russia 24 TV channel.
In November 2017, it became known about the conviction in Poland to 7 years in prison of a Russian citizen Stanislav Shipovsky, who worked for military intelligence for a number of years.
For 2017, 750 military intelligence officers were awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia, thousands were awarded orders and medals.
"Sovinformsputnik"
Gallery
Heads of the Main Department
Deputy chiefs
Operating
First Deputies DeputiesThe head of the Military Academy of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the commander of the Special Operations Forces are also deputy heads of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Former
- Colonel General Yury Alexandrovich Gusev - First Deputy from January 1986 until his death in a car accident in 1992
- Lieutenant General Alexei Gennadyevich Dyumin (2014-2015), Commander of the Special Operations Forces
- Kostyukov Igor Olegovich, First Deputy until December 2018, Vice Admiral.
- Major General Ivanov Yuri Evgenievich (2006-2010)
- Colonel General Izmailov Vladimir Makarovich - First Deputy
- Lieutenant General Korobov Igor Valentinovich (2016-2018)
- Colonel General Nikolay Nikolaevich Kostechko
- Aviation Major General Sokolin Valery Vladimirovich
- Lieutenant General Shlyakhturov Alexander Vasilyevich (? -2009) - First Deputy
see also
Notes
- GRU chief Igor Korobov dies | RIA News
- Putin proposed to return the name of the GRU to military intelligence (indefinite) . Interfax(November 2, 2018). Retrieved 31 January 2019.
GRU structure
The Main Intelligence Directorate under Ivashutin has become a unique organization not only in our country, but also in the world. In the 1970s, this powerful department included such units that, it would seem, covered all foreign objects of Soviet military intelligence.
In the 70s of the last century, the GRU consisted of 16 departments. Of these, most were "numbered" - from 1 to 12, but some, such as the personnel department, did not have numbers. They explained that these data on the structure of the Main Intelligence Directorate were taken from the book of the former GRU captain V. Rezun (V. Suvorov) who fled to England in 1978 - "Soviet military intelligence", published in London in 1984.
The departments directly involved in the collection and processing of intelligence information were divided into directions, and the auxiliary departments were divided into departments. Directions and departments, in turn, consisted of sections. The GRU also had directions and departments that were not part of the departments ...
Depending on their function, the GRU units were divided into mining, processing and auxiliary. Mining bodies were called bodies directly involved in the collection of intelligence information.
The 1st Directorate of the GRU carried out undercover intelligence in the territories of Western Europe. It included five directions, each of which was engaged in undercover intelligence on the territory of several countries;
The 2nd Directorate was engaged in undercover intelligence in North and South America;
the 3rd Directorate conducted undercover intelligence in Asian countries;
4th Directorate - in Africa and the Middle East.
In addition to these four departments, there were also four separate areas that were not part of the departments and were also subordinate to the first deputy head of the GRU.
The first branch of the GRU conducted undercover intelligence in Moscow. The officers who served in this direction were recruiting agents among foreign military attachés, members of military, scientific and other delegations, businessmen and other foreigners visiting Moscow. Another important task of the 1st direction was the introduction of GRU officers into Soviet official institutions, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Academy of Sciences, the Aeroflot agency, etc. Positions in these institutions were later used as legal cover during intelligence work for border.
The 3rd branch of the GRU conducted undercover intelligence within the national liberation movements and terrorist organizations.
The 4th direction of the GRU was engaged in undercover intelligence from the territory of Cuba, primarily against the United States; in this case, it interacted with Cuban intelligence. In many ways, it duplicated the activities of the 2nd Directorate of the GRU.
The 5th Directorate of the GRU, or the Directorate of Operational-Tactical Intelligence, was also "mining" and reported to the first deputy head of the GRU. However, the specificity of its activities was that it was not engaged in independent undercover intelligence, but directed the work of the intelligence departments of the headquarters of military districts and fleets. The intelligence departments of the military districts and the intelligence of the fleet were directly subordinate to the 5th Directorate. The latter, in turn, were subordinated to four intelligence departments of the fleets.
It should be noted that if the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the military districts were directly subordinate to the Directorate of operational-tactical intelligence, then the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the fleets - the Northern, Pacific, Black Sea and Baltic - were combined into a single structure known as fleet intelligence. This was due to the fact that if each military district had a strictly defined area of responsibility, then the ships Soviet fleets acted in almost all points of the World Ocean, and each ship had to constantly have full information about a potential adversary. Therefore, the head of the intelligence of the fleet was the deputy head of the GRU and led the four intelligence departments of the naval headquarters, as well as the naval space intelligence department and the information service. But in his daily activities, he obeyed the orders of the 5th Directorate of the GRU.
In addition, the GRU had two more directorates involved in the collection of information - the 6th Directorate and the Space Intelligence Directorate. However, since they, although they obtained and partially processed information, did not conduct undercover intelligence, they did not report to the first deputy head of the GRU.
The 6th Directorate of the GRU carried out electronic intelligence. Its officers were part of residencies in the capitals of foreign states and were engaged in the interception and decoding of transmissions on government and military information networks. In addition, the electronic intelligence regiments stationed on Soviet territory, as well as the electronic intelligence services of military districts and fleets, were subordinate to this department.
In addition to the 6th directorate, the activities of several more units and services of the GRU were connected with radio intelligence. Thus, the command post of the GRU, which carried out round-the-clock monitoring of the appearance of signs of an impending attack on the USSR, also used the information that entered the 6th Directorate.
Office information support carried out work on the evaluation of intelligence reports coming from the 6th Directorate. The decryption service was engaged in cryptanalysis of intercepted encrypted messages. She was directly subordinate to the head of the GRU and was located on Komsomolsky Prospekt in Moscow. The main task The decryption service was to read cipher messages from tactical military communications networks.
A special computer center of the GRU processed the incoming information, which was obtained by means of radio intelligence.
The Central Research Institute in Moscow developed specialized equipment for conducting radio reconnaissance, for its production and Maintenance the operational-technical directorate of the GRU answered.
As for the Directorate of Space Intelligence of the GRU, it collected intelligence data using satellites.
The processing organs of the GRU, sometimes called the information service, were engaged in the processing and analysis of incoming materials. The position of the head of the information service corresponded to the rank of colonel general, and he himself was the deputy head of the GRU. Under his command were six information departments, Institute of Information, Information Service of the Fleet and Information Services of the Intelligence Directorates of the Headquarters of the Military Districts. The directions of work of each of these divisions were as follows.
The 7th directorate consisted of six departments and studied information on NATO. Each division and each section was responsible for examining individual trends or aspects of NATO action.
8th Directorate studied data on individual countries all over the world, regardless of whether this country belonged to NATO or not. At the same time, special attention was paid to the issues of the political structure of this state, its armed forces and economy.
The 9th directorate researched military technologies and was directly connected with the Soviet military-industrial complex.
The 10th Directorate analyzed information on the war economy around the world, including on the arms trade, military production and technological advances. different countries, on the production and stocks of strategic resources.
The 11th directorate studied the strategic concepts and strategic nuclear forces of all those countries that possessed them or could create them in the future. This department carefully monitored any signs increased activity in the actions of strategic nuclear forces in any region of the globe.
There is no exact information about what the 12th department was doing.
The GRU Information Institute functioned independently of the departments and reported directly to the head of the information service. In contrast to the departments listed above, which studied secret documents obtained by secret agents, electronic and space intelligence, the institute studied open sources of information: the press, radio, and television.
The GRU units, which were not directly involved in obtaining or processing intelligence materials, were considered auxiliary. These subdivisions included the political department, the personnel department, the operational and technical department, the administrative department, the communications department, the financial department, the first department, the eighth department, and the archival department. As for the last department - the archives, millions of registration cards of illegal immigrants, GRU officers, secret residents, information about successful and unsuccessful recruitment of foreigners, dossiers of government and military figures from different countries, etc. were stored and stored in its premises.
In addition, the GRU included several research institutes and educational institutions.
However, the foundation of the GRU was made up of intelligence departments and intelligence departments in the armies and military districts, as well as special forces units and subunits subordinate to them.
Their structure in the described period was as follows.
At the headquarters of military districts and groups of Soviet troops abroad, the 2nd Directorate was engaged, consisting of five departments:
The 1st department supervised the work of the intelligence departments of the armies subordinate to the district and other units;
2nd - was engaged in reconnaissance in the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the district;
3rd - led the activities of reconnaissance and sabotage units of the district;
4th - was engaged in the processing of intelligence information;
5th - conducted radio intelligence.
In addition, the intelligence department of the district headquarters included several more auxiliary units.
The organization of intelligence at the army level was the same as in the district, only instead of the intelligence department at the army headquarters there was a 2nd (intelligence) department, which, in turn, consisted of five groups ...
The main forge of Soviet military intelligence personnel was the Military Diplomatic Academy (in the jargon of military intelligence officers - “conservatory”), which was located in Moscow on Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street. The position of the head of the academy corresponded military rank"Colonel-General", according to his status, he was the deputy head of the GRU.
Candidates for enrollment in the academy were selected mainly among officers of the military level, and before being admitted to entrance exams, for two or three years they underwent a comprehensive check on the reliability and moral qualities.
The Military Diplomatic Academy included three numbered faculties:
1st - special intelligence faculty - trained intelligence officers to work in legal residencies;
2nd - military-diplomatic - employees of military attaches;
3rd - officers of operational-tactical intelligence, distributed to the headquarters of military districts.
The Military Diplomatic Academy was not the only educational institution where personnel for military intelligence were trained. In addition to it, the GRU also had a number of educational institutions:
Advanced Courses for Officers (KUOS);
Higher reconnaissance and command courses for the improvement of command personnel (VRK UKS);
Faculties in military universities and departments of intelligence disciplines in various military educational institutions (the department of intelligence of the Navy at the Naval Academy, the intelligence departments of the Academy of the General Staff, the Frunze Military Academy, the special faculty of the Military Academy of Communications, the Military Institute foreign languages, Cherepovets Higher military school Communications, Special Faculty of the Higher Naval School of Radio Electronics, Faculty of Special Purposes of the Ryazan Higher airborne school, intelligence faculty of the Kyiv Higher Military command school, special faculty of the 2nd Kharkov Higher Military Aviation Technical School, faculty of special intelligence (since 1994), faculty of military intelligence of the Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School).
It was interesting to find information about the headquarters of military intelligence from the Registration Department (Department), the Intelligence Directorate and the Main Intelligence Directorate. They were located at different times at the following addresses:
Prechistenka street, houses 35, 37 and 39;
Bolshaya Lubyanka street, 12;
Bolshoy Znamensky lane (Gritsevets street), house 19;
Staraya Basmannaya street (Karl Marx street), house 17;
Arbat (General Staff building) and Gogolevsky Boulevard, building 6;
Khoroshevskoe highway, house 76.
The structure, taken from open sources, is given in the book in order to show the scale of such a colossus as the GRU, which was successfully controlled by P. I. Ivashutin for a quarter of a century. For the authors, who knew the GRU firsthand, the data collected by the traitor and his patrons from the SIS about the structure of the GRU almost forty years ago cannot be considered reliable. Rezun is an unreliable source for obvious reasons. He was often carried away at sharp turns of information verbiage, and yet foreign journalists, when they talk about the structure of the central apparatus of Soviet military intelligence, use precisely this data.
Let them believe, but our modern military intelligence officers have to work in a completely different structure, which Rezun and Gordievsky, who work out splashes of dirty, usually false insinuations for betraying the Motherland, thank God, are not allowed to know.
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The GRU is the main intelligence department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It was formed on November 5, 1918 as the Registration Office of the Field Headquarters of the RVSR.
The head of the GRU reports only to the chief of the General Staff and the Minister of Defense and has no direct connection with the political leadership of the country. Unlike the director of the Foreign Intelligence Service, whom the president receives weekly on Mondays, the head of military intelligence does not have "his hour" - a time strictly fixed in the daily routine for a report to the country's president. The existing system of "revealing" - that is, receiving intelligence information and analyzes by high authorities - deprives politicians of direct access to the GRU.
Chief of the GRU, Deputy Chief of the General Staff - Korabelnikov Valentin Vladimirovich
The structure of the GRU during the Soviet era
First Directorate (undercover intelligence)
Has five controls, each responsible for its own set European countries.Each department has sections by country
Second Directorate (front-line intelligence)
Third Directorate (Asian countries)
Fourth (Africa and the Middle East)
Fifth. Directorate of operational-tactical intelligence (intelligence at military facilities)
Army intelligence units are subordinate to this directorate. Naval intelligence is subordinate to the Second Directorate of the Naval Staff, which in turn is subordinate to the Fifth Directorate of the GRU. Directorate - the coordinating center for thousands of intelligence structures in the army (from the intelligence departments of districts to special departments of units). Technical services: communication centers and encryption service, computer center, special archive, logistics and financial support service, planning and control department, as well as personnel department. As part of the department, there is a direction of special intelligence, which is supervised by SPETSNAZ.
Sixth Directorate (electronic and radio intelligence). Includes the Space Intelligence Center - on Volokolamsk Highway, the so-called "K-500 facility". Sovinformsputnik is the GRU's official intermediary for the sale of space satellites. The department includes special-purpose subdivisions of OSNAZ.
Seventh Directorate (responsible for NATO) Has six territorial offices
Eighth Directorate (work on designated countries)
Ninth Directorate (military technology)
Tenth Directorate (war economy, military production and sales, economic security)
Eleventh Directorate (strategic nuclear forces)
- Twelfth Directorate
- Administrative and technical department
- Financial management
- Operational and technical management
- Decryption service
The Military Diplomatic Academy (in the slang - "conservatory"), is located near the Moscow metro station "Oktyabrskoye Pole".
The first department of the GRU (production of forged documents)
GRU Section 8 (GRU Internal Communications Security)
- Archival Department of the GRU
- Two research institutes
Special Forces
These units constitute the elite of the army, significantly superior in terms of training and armament of the Airborne Forces and "court parts". Special Forces brigades are a forge of intelligence personnel: a candidate for the "conservatory" student must have a rank of at least captain and serve in special forces for 5-7 years. Traditionally, the numerical ratio between the GRU and KGB (now SVR) residencies was and remains approximately 6:1 in favor of "pure intelligence".
It can be safely called the most popular military units in Russia. Dozens of films have been made about him, hundreds of books and articles have been written on the Internet. The Russian GRU Spetsnaz is the real elite of the armed forces - although, as a rule, film scripts have little relation to reality.
Only the very best get into the special forces, and in order to be enrolled in this unit, candidates must pass a tough selection. The usual training of the GRU special forces can shock the average man in the street - special attention is paid to the physical and psychological preparation of the special forces.
Real operations in which army special forces took part are usually not reported on TV or written in newspapers. Media hype usually means mission failure, and GRU spetsnaz failures are relatively rare.
Unlike special units other law enforcement agencies, the special forces of the Main Intelligence Directorate do not have own name, and generally prefers to act without publicity. During operations, they can wear the uniform of any army in the world, and Earth, depicted on the emblem of military intelligence, means that the GRU special forces can operate anywhere in the world.
GRU Spetsnaz is the "eyes and ears" of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, and often an effective tool for various "delicate" operations. However, before continuing the story about the special forces and its everyday life, it should be said what the Main Intelligence Directorate is and about the history of the special units that are part of it.
GRU
The need to create a special body that would deal with intelligence in the interests of the military became obvious almost immediately after the formation of the Red Army. In November 1918, the Field Headquarters of the Revolutionary Council of the Republic was created, which included the Registration Department, which was engaged in the collection and processing of intelligence information. This structure provided the work of undercover intelligence of the Red Army and was engaged in counterintelligence activities.
The order to create the Field Headquarters (and with it the Registration Office) was dated November 5, 1918, so this date is considered the birthday of Soviet and Russian military intelligence.
However, one should not think that before the revolution of 1917 in Russia there were no structures that collected information in the interests of the military department. The same can be said about special military units who performed special, specific tasks.
Back in the 16th century, the Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible established a guard service, which recruited Cossacks who were distinguished by good physical health, excellent skills in handling firearms and edged weapons. Their task was to monitor the territory of the "Wild Field", from which the raids of the Tatars and Nogais constantly came to the Moscow kingdom.
Later, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the Secret Order was organized, collecting military information about potential opponents.
During the reign of Alexander I (in 1817), a detachment of mounted gendarmes was formed, which today would be called a rapid reaction unit. Their main task was to maintain order within the state. In the middle of the 19th century in Russian army reconnaissance and sabotage battalions were formed, consisting of Cossack scouts.
Were in Russian Empire and units reminiscent of modern army special forces. In 1764, on the initiative of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Panin, detachments of rangers were created that could carry out operations separately from the main forces of the army: raids, ambushes, fight the enemy in difficult terrain (mountains, forests).
In 1810, on the initiative of Barclay de Tolly, a Special Expedition (or Expedition of Secret Affairs) was created.
In 1921, the Intelligence Directorate of the Headquarters of the Red Army was formed on the basis of the Registration Directorate. The order on the creation of a new body indicated that the Intelligence Agency was engaged in military intelligence both in peacetime and in war time. In the 1920s, the department carried out undercover intelligence, created pro-Soviet partisan detachments, led active subversive activities.
Having survived several reorganizations, in 1934 the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army became directly subordinate to the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Soviet saboteurs and military advisers successfully operated in the Spanish war. At the end of the 1930s, the roller of political repressions thoroughly walked through the Soviet military intelligence, many officers were arrested and shot.
On February 16, 1942, the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) of the General Staff of the Red Army was formed, under this name the organization existed for more than sixty years. After the war, the GRU General Staff was abolished for several years, but in 1949 it was restored again.
On October 24, 1950, a secret directive was issued on the creation of special units (SpN) that would be engaged in reconnaissance and sabotage behind enemy lines. Almost immediately, similar units were formed in all military districts of the USSR (a total of 46 companies of 120 people each). Later, spetsnaz brigades formed on their basis. The first one was created in 1962. In 1968, the first special forces training regiment appeared (near Pskov), in 1970 the second was formed near Tashkent.
Initially, special forces were prepared for the war with the NATO bloc. After the start (or before it) of hostilities, the scouts had to operate deep behind enemy lines, collect information and transfer it to the Main Intelligence Directorate, act against enemy headquarters and other control points, commit sabotage and terrorist attacks, sow panic among the population, destroy infrastructure . Particular attention was paid to weapons of mass destruction of the enemy: missile silos and launchers, strategic aviation airfields, and submarine bases.
Special units of the GRU actively participated in the Afghan war, parts of the special forces played important role in the suppression of separatism in the North Caucasus. GRU special forces were also involved in civil war in Tajikistan and in the war against Georgia in 2008. There is information that some parts of the Special Forces are currently located on the territory of Syria.
At present, the Main Intelligence Directorate is not only sabotage and reconnaissance groups. The GRU is actively engaged in undercover intelligence, gathering information in cyberspace, and using electronic and space intelligence. Russian military intelligence officers successfully apply information warfare methods, work with foreign political forces and individual politicians.
In 2010, the Main Intelligence Directorate was renamed the Main Directorate of the General Staff, but the old name is still more famous and popular.
The structure and composition of the GRU Spetsnaz
- The 2nd Separate Special Purpose Brigade is part of the Western Military District.
- The 3rd Guards Separate GRU Brigade (Central Military District) was created in 1966 in Tolyatti. However, there is information about its disbandment.
- 10th Mountain Separate Brigade of the GRU of the North Caucasian Military District. It was formed in 2003 in the village of Molpino, Krasnodar Territory.
- 14th separate brigade of the GRU. It is part of the Far Eastern District, was formed in 1966. The soldiers of this unit took an active part in the fighting in Afghanistan. The 14th brigade went through both Chechen campaigns.
- 16th Special Purpose Brigade, part of the Western Military District. Formed in 1963. Participated in both Chechen campaigns, in peacekeeping operations, guarded especially important objects on the territory of Tajikistan in the early 90s.
- 22nd Guards Separate Special Purpose Brigade. Part of the Southern Military District. It was formed in 1976 in Kazakhstan. She took an active part in Afghan war. It is the first military unit to receive the rank of Guards after the end of World War II.
- 24th separate brigade of the GRU. Part of the Central Military District. The brigade participated in the Afghan war, in the fighting in the North Caucasus.
- 346th Separate Special Purpose Brigade. Southern Military District, town of Prokhladny, Kabardino-Balkaria.
- 25th separate regiment special purpose, part of the Southern Military District.
Also subordinate to the GRU are four reconnaissance maritime points: in the Pacific, Black, Baltic and Northern Fleets.
The total number of GRU special forces units is not exactly known. Different figures are called: from six to fifteen thousand people.
Training and arming of the GRU special forces
Who can get into the GRU special forces? What are the requirements for candidates?
It is rather difficult to get into the special forces, but not impossible.
First of all, the candidate must be in absolute physical health. It is not necessary to differ in impressive dimensions, in special forces endurance is much more important. Scouts during a raid can cover many tens of kilometers in a day, and they do it by no means lightly. You have to carry many kilograms of weapons, ammunition and ammunition on your own.
The applicant will have to pass the required minimum: run three kilometers in 10 minutes, pull up 25 times, run a hundred meters in 12 seconds, push up 90 times from the floor, do 90 abdominal exercises in 2 minutes. One of the physical standards is hand-to-hand combat.
Naturally, all candidates undergo the most thorough and scrupulous medical examination.
Except physical training, the psychological health of the applicant is no less important: the commando must be absolutely “stress-resistant” and not lose his head even in the most difficult situation. Therefore, candidates must pass an interview with a psychologist, followed by a lie detector test. Moreover, the relevant authorities carefully check all the relatives of the future intelligence officer, and parents are required to give written consent to the service of their son in special forces.
If a person still got into the special forces, he will have many months of hard training. Fighters are trained hand-to-hand combat which greatly enhances the spirit and strengthens the character. A commando must be able to fight not only with his bare hands, but also use various different objects in battle, sometimes not at all intended for combat use. The recruit is often put up against more strong rivals(and sometimes even several), in this case it is important for him not even to defeat him, but to hold out as long as possible.
From the very beginning of training, future special forces soldiers are instilled with the idea that they are the best.
Future special forces soldiers learn to endure the most severe tests on the verge of physical capabilities: long deprivation of sleep, food, extreme physical exercise, psychological pressure. Naturally, in the special forces, future fighters are trained to master all types of small arms.
Despite the "international" specifics of the tasks performed by the GRU special forces, its fighters most often use standard weapons of the Russian army.
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